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| 1 | 论奥巴马政府的亚太战略显示文摘经过三年来的谋划和实施,奥巴马政府的亚太战略已基本定型,对美国与亚洲特别是东亚的关系以及亚太地区形势已经并将继续产生重要影响。本文旨在探讨奥巴马政府对亚太的认知,分析其亚太战略框架,总结这一战略构想与实施的特点,揭示其面临的不确定和制约因素。 | 吴心伯 | 2012 | China International Studies2012，32，2： | 51 |
| 2 | Patterns of synonymous codon usage bias in chloroplast genomes of seed plants显示文摘Codon usage in chloroplast genome of six seed plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus alba, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Pinus koraiensis and Cycas taitungensis) was analyzed to find general patterns of codon usage in chloroplast genomes of seed plants. The results show that chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants had similar codon usage patterns, with a strong bias towards a high representation of NNA and NNT codons. In chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants, the effective number of codons (ENC) for most genes was similar to that of the expected ENC based on the GC content at the third codon position, but several genes with low ENC values were laying below the expected curve. All of these data indicate that codon usage was dominated by a mutational bias in chloroplast genomes of seed plants and that selection appeared to be limited to a subset of genes and to only subtly affect codon us-age. Meantime, four, six, eight, nine, ten and 12 codons were defined as the optimal codons in chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants. | ZHOU Meng LONG Wei LI Xia | 2008 | Forestry Studies in China2008，10，4： | 30 |
| 3 | Over-investment of free cash flow显示文摘 | Scott Richardson | 2006 | Review of Accounting Studies2006，，2： | 27 |
| 4 | Forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna,south China显示文摘Xishuangbanna of southern Yunnan is biogeographically located at a transitional zone from tropical southeast (SE) Asia to subtropical east Asia and is at the junction of the Indian and Burmese plates of Gondwana and the Eurasian plate of Laurasia. The region, though surprisingly far from the equator and at a relatively high altitude, has a rich tropical flora and a typical tropical rain forest in the lowland areas. Based on physiognomic and ecological characteristics, floristic composition and habitats combined, the primary vegetation in Xishuangbanna can be organized into four main vegetation types: tropical rain forest, tropical seasonal moist forest, tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest and tropical monsoon forest. The tropical rain forest can be classified into two subtypes, i.e. a tropical seasonal rain forest in the lowlands and a tropical montane rain forest at higher elevations. The tropical sea-sonal rain forest has almost the same forest profile and physiognomic characteristics as equatorial lowland rain forests and is a type of truly tropical rain forest. Because of conspicuous similarity on ecological and floristic characteristics, the tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna is a type of tropical Asian rain forest. However, since the tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna occurs at the northern edge of tropical SE Asia, it differs from typical lowland rain forests in equatorial areas in having some deciduous trees in the canopy layer, fewer megaphanerophytes and epiphytes but more abundant lianas and more plants with microphyll. It is a type of semi-evergreen rain forest at the northern edge of the tropical zone. The tropical montane rain forest occurs at wet montane habitats and is similar to the lower montane rain forest in equatorial Asia in floristic composition and physiognomy. It is a type of lower montane rain forests within the broader category of tropical rain forests. The tropical seasonal moist forest occurs on middle and upper limestone slopes. It is similar to the tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in the region in physiognomy, but differs from the latter in floristic composition. It is a vegetation type on limestone at high elevations. The monsoon forest in Xishuangbanna is a tropical deciduous forest under the influence of a strong monsoon climate and is considered to be a transitional vegetation type between a tropical rain forest and savanna in physiognomy and distribution. The tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest is the main montane vegetation type in the region. It is dominated largely by the families Fagaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Theaceae and Lau-raceae. It differs from tropical lower montane rain forests in its lack of epiphytes and in having more abundant lianas and plants with compound leaves. It is considered to be a distinct vegetation type from the northern margin of mainland southeastern Asia, controlled by a strong seasonal climate, based on its floristic and physiognomic characteristics. | Zhu Hua | 2006 | Forestry Studies in China2006，8，2： | 22 |
| 5 | Over-investment of free cash flow显示文摘 | Scott Richardson | 2006 | Review of Accounting Studies (-)2006，，2： | 20 |
| 6 | 联合国宪章、保护的责任与叙利亚问题显示文摘中国在安理会涉及叙利亚提案表决时投否决票,不是为了一己私利,而是为了维护《联合国宪章》的原则和宗旨,为了避免又一个阿拉伯国家成为干涉主义战争的牺牲品。《联合国宪章》没有赋予安理会在一个主权国家进行'政权更迭'的权力,而'保护的责任'因其宽泛的理论解释空间而极易被滥用,冷战后西方国家发动的几次干涉主义战争的后果都背离了'保护的责任'的初衷。 | 曲星 | 2012 | China International Studies2012，32，2： | 19 |
| 7 | Structural Characteristics and Eco-adaptability of Heteromorphic Leaves of Populus euphratica显示文摘The microstructural and ultrastructural traits of three kinds of typical leaves of Populus euphratica Olive, including lanceolate, broad-ovate and dentate broad-ovate leaves, were studied by using electron microscope and optical microscope. The re- sults showed that with the leaves changing from lanceolate shape to dentate broad-ovate shape, their structure obviously tended to be xeromorph: developed palisade tissue, undeveloped spongy tissue, thick cutin layer and sunken stomas. The amount of mitochondria tended to be increased, and the shape of chloroplasts varied from regular spindle to irregular rotundity or oval. The leaves were cov- ered with wax without cilium, and the stomas on the upper and lower epidermis of the leaves opened unevenly. The stomas on the lower epidermis were deeper than those on the upper epidermis under the scanning electron microscope. The results implied that the structural characteristics of the diversiform-leaves of P. euphratica are related to its eco-adaptability. | LiZhao-xia ZhengCai-xia | 2005 | Forestry Studies in China2005，7，1： | 18 |
| 8 | Effects of Phosphoric Acid on Liquefaction of Wood in Phenol and Optimum Liquefaction Processing Parameters显示文摘To clarify the influencing factors of liquefaction of wood in phenol using phosphoric acid as a catalyst and get its liquefaction technology, a study on the liquefaction technology of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and poplar (triploid Populus tomentosa Carr) under different conditions was conducted. The results indicate that the residue rate decreases with the increase of liquefaction temperature, liquefaction time, catalyst content or liquid ratio. It is also found that the optimum condition of liquefaction for poplar is estimated as: the reaction temperature of 180 C, the reaction time of 2.5 h, liquid ratio (phenol/wood ratio) of 4.5 and catalyst content of 8%, and 4.2% residue rate could be obtained. Under the processing parameters of temperature 180 C, the reaction time of 2.5 h, liquid ratio (phenol/wood ratio) of 4 and catalyst content of 10%, the residue rate of Chinese fir can reach 5.6%. | ZhangQiuhui ZhaoGuangjie JieShujun | 2004 | Forestry Studies in China2004，6，3： | 17 |
| 9 | Liquefaction and Product Identification of Main Chemical Compositions of Wood in Phenol显示文摘To clarify liquefaction ratios and their construction variations of the main chemical compositions of wood in phenol using phosphoric acid as a catalyst, the chemical ingredients of wood such as holocellulose, cellulose and lignin, were measured and extracted according to GB methods. With Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the product identification of reactant before and after liquefaction in phenol was investigated. The molecular weights and their distributions of the liquefaction results (acetone soluble parts) were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Results show that the molecular weights and their distributions of poplar and Chinese fir are almost the same. In poplar, the distribution of cellulose is the largest, and that of holocellulose the smallest after liquefaction. For Chinese fir, the distribution of holocellulose is the largest, and that of cellulose the smallest. After liquefaction of poplar cellulose, the change bands of FTIR spectrum observed below 1 600 cm-1, can be attributed to new substitute groups. The same is true for poplar lignin. For Chinese fir, the spectra of liquefaction results of all chemical compositions differ from that of wood meal. This reveals the more activity groups were produced because of the reactions between Chinese fir and phenol. The research shows that the liquefaction ratios of poplar decrease in the following order: holocellulose > lignin > cellulose, and those of Chinese fir in the order: lignin > cellulose > holocellulose. | Zhang Qiu-hui Zhao Guang-jie Jie Shu-jun | 2005 | Forestry Studies in China2005，7，2： | 14 |
| 10 | Pine wilt disease: a short review of worldwide research显示文摘This article summarizes the results of the research papers presented at the International Symposium on pine wilt disease (IUFRO Working Party Meeting 4.04.03) held in July 2009, at Nanjing, China. The general topics covered were on pine wilt disease (PWD), its causal organism, the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, plus other PWN-associated microorganisms that play a significant role in PWD such as bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescens). Most of the papers that are reviewed are based on work on PWD-PWN in East Asia and Russia. Specific topics covered include: 1) the fundamental conceptions of PWD development, 2) pathogenicity, 3) host-parasite relationships including the histopathology of diseased conifers and the role of toxins from bacteria-nematode ecto-symbionts, 4) PWN life cycle and transmission, 5) B. xylophilus dissemination models, 6) associations (with other nematodes), 7) diagnostics, 8) quarantine and control of the PWN and 9) biocontrol of the PWN. | Alexander Yu. RYSS Oleg A. KULINICH Jack R. SUTHERLAND | 2011 | Forestry Studies in China2011，13，2： | 14 |
| 11 | Environmental options of local governments for regional air pollution joint control:application of evolutionary game theory显示文摘Apanage management is currently the main method used to control air pollution in China,but it has proved to be inefficient for controlling transboundary air pollution.As a result,China’s central government is demanding joint control of regional air pollution.From the perspective of cooperation benefits,we adopt the evolutionary game theory(EGT)to analyse evolutionary trends of regional authorities’behaviours and their stable strategy in the campaign for joint control of regional air pollution.A case study,the intergovernmental cooperation management for‘APEC Blue’,is taken to illustrate the intergovernmental game.The result shows that an evolutionarily stable strategy(ESS)of‘joint control’for local governments depends on individual region’s benefits and collaboration revenues.Local governments should be encouraged in collaborating with their neighbouring governments,because a certain amount of transaction costs will not undermine their cooperation.With regards to the case study,joint control through executive orders is unpractical in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.‘APEC Blue’can only be temporary and the failure of such collaboration for long-term regional air pollution control is inevitable because of its high control costs,economic loss,transaction costs and low common profits. | Shihong Guo | 2016 | Economic and Political Studies2016，4，3： | 14 |
| 12 | Research advances in the study of Pistacia chinensis Bunge, a superior tree species for biomass energy显示文摘As a renewable energy, biomass energy has aroused wide attention and studies of this issue have become a hot topic throughout the world. Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae) is a superior species for biomass energy with high oil content in seeds and wide geographic distribution. It is a dioeciously, deciduous arbor, flowering from March to April and bearing fruits from September to November. The classification, regional distribution and biological characteristics of P. chinensis are stated in this paper, then, research advances in the growth, breeding and physiology of this species are summarized. The problems in present studies are broached. Finally, a future direction for research is proposed. | Li Hong-lin Zhang Zhi-xiang Lin Shan-zhi Li Xiao-xu | 2007 | Forestry Studies in China2007，9，2： | 14 |
| 13 | Understanding the China–US trade war:causes,economic impact,and the worst-case scenario显示文摘This paper studies the current trade war between China and the US from a historical standpoint.By comparing the ongoing trade war with similar trade conflicts in history,we reveal three major causes,with varying degrees of importance,from both economic and political perspectives.The trade war can principally be attributed to trade imbalances,the US midterm elections and rivalry over global economic dominance.As the fundamental conflicts between China and the US cannot be easily resolved,we hold a pessimistic view on the complete settlement of the trade war.In this paper,we perform a scenario analysis,which shows that in the worst-case scenario,China will suffer a 1.1%decrease in employment and a 1%GDP loss,which are not negligible,but manageable for China. | Terence Tai Leung Chong Xiaoyang Li | 2019 | Economic and Political Studies2019，7，2： | 14 |
| 14 | Financialization of the Economy and Income Inequality in China显示文摘The income gap between the financial sector and other sectors has been widening since the mid-1990s. Why do financiers in China earn more than others? We analyze this issue against the background of financialization of the economy. The year 1993 was a watershed year, in which China began the process of rapid financialization. Since 1993, the financial sector has become increasingly powerful, overshadowing other sectors. Evidence shows that the high income levels that exist in the financial sector are related to this process of financialization in China. Financialization influences income distribution in China through two channels: money issuance and liquidation of social capital. The labor market equilibrium of the financial sector and wage level determination are not naturally formed but constructed. The increasing income inequality between the financial sector and other sectors is a consequence of financialization of the economy in China. | YU LUO FRANK ZHU | 2014 | Economic and Political Studies2014，2，2： | 14 |
| 15 | Agroforestry and its Application in Amelioration of Saline Soils in Eastern China Coastal Region 显示文摘Some environmental problems, especially soil salinity hinder the regional sustainable development of eastern China coastal region. Salinity mainly comes from tide weave, seawater flooding and seawater intrusion. Over exploitation of groundwater, which is the result of unfitful land use systems, leads to seawater intrusion and salt concentration increase. Agroforestry systems can enrich soil fertility and prevent soil salinization, furthermore help maintain biodiversity and enhance productivity. For the intergrated multiple ecosystems the most critical issue is to select optimum tree species and rationally arrange these plants. The basics of this multiple ecosystem is that different plants will occupy variable ecological niches within an area, both in space and in soil depth. Shelterbelts and trees intercropping with agricultural crops are major types of the multiple ecosystem. Shelterbelts can reduce wind speed and consequently lessen evaporation and erosion of the soil, increase pasture growth by up to 60% on exposed sites, increase crop yields by up to 25%. Besides intercropping with jujube, other agroforestry multiple ecosystem such as forestry plus agriculture, forestry plus agriculture plus fishery, and forestry plus animal husbandry are the most appropriate ways to utilise land resource in this region. | ZhangJianfeng XingShangjun LiJiyue F.Makeschin SongYumin | 2004 | Forestry Studies in China2004，6，2： | 13 |
| 16 | Responses of germination and radicle growth of two Populus species to water potential and salinity显示文摘萌芽和二河边的树种的胚根生长上的水潜力, NaCl 和 Na2SO4 的效果, Populus euphratica Oliv。并且 P。pruinosa Schrenk (Salicaceae ) ,被测试。生长房间研究为在 15 鈥 ? 之间的种类的种子萌芽揭示了一个最佳温度范围 5 掳 C。有在答案的所有类型的减少的水潜力的两种类减少的最后的萌芽百分比在实验适用。P。pruinosa 比 P 对低蠄 W 应力不太容忍。euphratica,特别在盐答案。萌芽百分比低于 20% 相信了 P。pruinosa 在 ? 0.6 MPa (NaCl ) 或 ? 0.4 MPa (Na2SO4 ) 并且为 P。euphratica 在 ? 1.2 MPa (NaCl ) 或 ? 0.6 MPa (Na2SO4 ) 。胚根生长两个都,种被木钉, NaCl 和 Na2SO4 的高集中禁止。然而,生长被提高在 ? 0.13 并且 ? 在木钉或在的 0.29 MPa ? 在与提取的水相比的 NaCl 答案的 0.13 MPa。P 的胚根生长。euphratica 比 P 的高。pruinosa。萌芽和胚根生长两个都,种类展出了离子毒性。Na2SO4 是比 NaCl 的 iso 渗透的答案有毒的更多。胚根生长证明了比种子萌芽更敏感。因此,泛滥通过从土壤表面盐沥滤为萌芽而且种类的帮助幼苗建立做产量必要土壤潮湿不仅。种的不同敏感在他们的早生长期间上演力量,而且,在 Talim 盆(西北中国) 在他们的分发贡献观察差别。关键词 Populus euphratica - P。pruinosa - 萌芽 - 咸度 - 胚根生长 - Talim | Li Li Zhang Xi-ming Michael Runge Li Xiao-ming He Xing-yuan | 2006 | Forestry Studies in China2006，8，1： | 13 |
| 17 | Environmental Correlates of Distribution of the 25 Broad-leaved Tree Species Indigenous to Guangdong Province,China显示文摘Twenty-five tree species indigenous to Guangdong Province were chosen in this study to portray their distribution patterns in relation to environmental factors. Both data of species distribution and environmental factors were tabulated based on a digitized map of Guangdong Province gridded at 0.5° latitude × 0.5° longitude. Grid-based diversity was mapped using DMAP, a distribution mapping program, and horizontal patterns were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis tests. The diversity center of the indige- nous tree species under study is located north of 23° N. These tree species exhibit significant latitudinal variation (P = 0.007 4), but no significant longitudinal difference (P = 0.052 2). Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) identified five different ecological species groups, while Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed the distribution of tree species along each of the five envi- ronmental gradients. An understanding of the environmental correlates of distribution patterns has great implication for the introduc- tion of the indigenous tree species for afforestation. | SuZhiyao ChenBeiguang ChangYong YangJiazhi | 2004 | Forestry Studies in China2004，6，4： | 13 |
| 18 | Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Adult Anoplophom glabripennis (Motschulsky) to Volatile Components of Host-Plant显示文摘Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A.glabripennis(Motsch.)to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location.Measurable electroantennogram(EAG) responses were elicited to all compounds tested,the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-l-al,decyl aldehyde and trans-2-hexen-1-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females.In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays,above three compounds with certain concentration,trans-2-hexen-1-al(1%),trans-2-hexen-1-ol(1%) and decyl aldehyde(10%),were significantly attractive to the adults in laboratory.The results show that either EAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound are markedly influenced by the concentration. | Fan Hui Li Jiquan Jin YoujuCollege of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China | 2003 | Forestry Studies in China2003，5，1： | 13 |
| 19 | Changes in the biochemical composition and enzyme activity during dormancy release of Cyclocarya paliurus seeds显示文摘Cyclocarya paliurus is only propagated from seeds which have pronounced dormancy. Overcoming seed dormancy is an important component of efficient and cost-effective seedling production of Cyclocarya paliurus. Changes in biochemical composi-tion and enzyme activity were investigated during dormancy release. The activities of all the studied enzymes in the stratified seeds increased significantly, compared to those in the control samples. Of the enzymes examined, the activities of protease increased the most (413.8%), followed by peroxidase (278.7%), lipase (161.0%), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrognase (149.1%) and amylase (60.6%) after 8 months of stratification. Crude fat and protein constituted the bulk of the storage reserves in mature seeds of C. pali-urus. Compared with the seeds before stratification, about 45% of the starch, 46% of the protein and 11% of the crude fat were de-pleted during dormancy release of C. paliurus seeds, while the soluble sugar content was enhanced by 101.5% in the germinating seeds. Correlation analysis showed, during dormancy release of C. paliurus seeds, a close positive relationship between POD and G6PDH activity as well as soluble sugar content and amylase activity, while there was a significant negative relationship between storage substances and their related enzyme activities. | Fang Sheng-zuo Wang Jia-yuan | 2007 | Forestry Studies in China2007，9，1： | 12 |
| 20 | 美国调整对缅甸政策及其制约因素显示文摘奥巴马政府上台后,对缅甸实行'务实接触'政策,在政治、经济、人文等各领域与缅加强接触,两国关系逐渐回暖。美国改善与缅关系主要出于自身战略与现实利益的需要。缅甸新政府推行民主改革则为美政策调整提供了客观条件。未来,美缅关系有望持续改善,缅甸改革进程和美国国内政治等因素是影响两国关系发展的关键。 | 杜兰 | 2012 | China International Studies2012，32，2： | 12 |
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