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| 1 | Invasive mechanism and control strategy of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel)显示文摘In order to ascertain the invasive mechanism and control strategy of the invasive Crofton weed, Ageratina adenophora, its ecological adaptability and population differentiation,the formation of single dominant population, displacement of native plants and sustainable management strategies were investigated. The present results helped to clarify and explain such issues as the adaptability post invasion,interaction and competition between inter-and intra-species and community resistance, thereby providing important references to researches on other invasive alien species. | WAN FangHao1, LIU WanXue1, GUO JianYing1, QIANG Sheng2, LI BaoPing2, WANG JinJun3, YANG GuoQing1, NIU HongBang1, GUI FuRong1, HUANG WenKun1, JIANG ZhiLin1 & WANG WenQi3 1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China 2College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 3Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，11： | 42 |
| 2 | Variation of grain Cd and Zn concentrations of 110 hybrid rice cultivars grown in a low-Cd paddy soil显示文摘Enhanced Cd uptake and Zn depletion in rice grains and high potential for food Cd exposure by the high-yielding hybrid cultivars of China had been addressed.A field experiment was conducted in 2006 to determine the difference in grain Cd and Zn between cultivars.Total 110 cultivars including super rice and common hybrid rice cultivars were grown on a single paddy soil(Entic Haplaquept) with a neutral reaction and low total Cd content.Grain Cd and Zn concentrations were determined with graphite atomic adsorption spectrophotometer(GFAAS) and flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometer(AAS) respectively.Wide variation of Cd content in grain was found in a range of 0.004-0.057 mg/kg,while the Zn content in a range of 10.25-30.06 mg/kg among the cultivars.Higher Cd but lower Zn concentration in grains of super rice cultivars was observed compared to the common hybrid ones.A highly significant positive linear correlation of grain Cd/Zn with grain Cd was found for super rice and common hybrid cultivars,meanwhile much higher slope for these hybrid cultivars than the reported non-hybrid cultivars was also observed.Using the limit value of the Chinese chemical guidelines for foods(MOHC and SSC,2005),calculated potential risk of food Cd exposure with 'Zn hungry' through diet intake was prominent with all the studied 110 hybrid rice cultivars,possessing high potential health problems for rice production in South China using the super rice cultivars.Breeding of genotypes of rice cultivars with low grain Cd and low Cd/Zn ratio is needed for rice production in acidic red soils where Cd bioavailability is prevalently high. | SHI Jing,LI Lianqing,PAN Genxing Institute of Resource,Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China. | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，2： | 44 |
| 3 | Effect of Silicon on Leaf Ultrastructure, Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Activity of Barley Under Salt Stress显示文摘Two contrasting cultivars of barley (Horderm vykgare L.): Kepin No. 7 (salt sensitive), and Jian 4 (salt tolerant) were grown in a hydroponics system with 2 NaCl levels: 60 mmol NaCl L-1 and 120 mmol NaCl L-1, and 3 Si levels: 0 mmol Si L-1, 0.5 mmol Si L-1 and 1.0 mmol Si L-1 (as silicic acid). Compared with the plants treated with 60 mmol NaCl L-1 alone, the leaf chlorophyll contents of plants treated with salt and Si increased significantly for salt-sensitive cultivar at tillering stage, but for salt-tolerant cultivar,the addition of Si resulted in an obvious increase in the leaf chlorophyll content of plants exposed to 120 mmol NaCl L-1. However, this Si-enhancement of leaf chlorophyll content was also observed in the salttolerant plants at jointing stage, but not in the salt-sensitive plants. Moreover, leaf chlorophyll content was consistently higher for the salt-tolerant cultivar than for the salt-sensitive cultivar irrespective of salt and/or Si treatment. Compared with the plants treated with salt alone, net CO2 assimilation rate in plant leaves increased significantly for both cultivars when trested with salt and Si. The addition of Si to the salt treatment was found to improve the cell ultrastructure of leaves. Under salt stress condition, the double membranes of chloroplasts disappeared, but membrane integrity was markedly improved in the salt treatment supplemented with Si. Silicon was also found to ameliorate the damage to the ultrastructure of chloroplast granae which appeared to be disintegrated and vague in salt treatments without added Si. The results support previous work which showed that Si decreases the permeability of plasma membranes of salt-stressed barley, thus mitigating salt damage. | LIANG YONGCHAO (Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Natural Reaources and Environmental Science, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Regulation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 China) | 1998 | Pedosphere1998，8，4： | 43 |
| 4 | Genotypic Differences in Grain Yield and Physiological Nitrogen Use Efficiency Among Rice Cultivars显示文摘Efficient use of N in agricultural practice can increase yield, decrease production costs and reduce the risk of environmental pollution. Effects of N fertilizer application rates on grain yield and physiological N use efficiency (PE) in relation to the accumulation and redistribution of biomass and N in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were studied at two experimental farms of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China in 2004. Three high N use efficiency (NUE) rice cultivars (Wuyunjing 7, Nanguang and 4007) and one low NUE rice cultivar (Elio) with similar growth patterns were studied under seven N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 kg ha -1 ). Grain yield increased with the N application rate and attained plateau at 180 kg N ha -1 for rice cultivars at each site. Increasing N rate decreased PE for biomass and grain yield. Grain yield and PE of Elio were about 20% and 18% lower than those of high NUE cultivars. Differences in biomass, N accumulation and N redistribution were observed at the post-heading stage among rice cultivars with differing NUEs. The less reproductive tillers of Elio resulted in less demand for C and N during grain filling, thus leading to lower PE of Elio compared with the high NUE rice cultivars. | ZHANG Ya-Li, FAN Jian-Bo, WANG Dong-Sheng and SHEN Qi-Rong2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China) | 2009 | Pedosphere2009，19，6： | 30 |
| 5 | Ability of Agrogyron elongatum to accumulate the single metal of cadmium, copper, nickel and lead and root exudation of organic acids显示文摘Agrogyron elongatum were grown in nutrient solution containing moderate to high amounts of separate heavy metal of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in a greenhouse for a 9-day. Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb generally led to decrease in the elongation of roots although the length of seedlings exposed to Cd and Pb at 0.05 and 0 5 mg/L showed to be slightly greater than that of controls. Of the four metals in the experiment, Pb was absorbed and accumulated to the highest level, with the concentrations of 92754 mg/kg dry weight (DW) in roots and 11683 mg/kg DW in shoots. Cd was moderately accumulated in Agrogyron elongatum, but the maximum bioaccumulation coefficients (BCs) for roots and shoots were observed. The patterns for Cu and Ni uptake and distribution in plants differed from those of Pb and Cd, as it was showed that the shoot accumulation of Cu and Ni was significantly higher than in roots. A. elongatum had the highest Ni concentration in shoots (30261 mg/kg DW) at the external concentration of 250 mg/L. Cu ranked second, with a shoot concentration of 12230 mg/kg DW when 50 mg/L Cu in solution was applied. For the four trace elements tested, the highest concentrations in shoots decreased by the order of Ni>Cu>Pb>Cd (mg/kg DW), and those in roots were Pb>Cd>Ni>Cu (mg/kg DW). Malic, oxalic and citric acids exuded by roots exposed to 1 and 50 mg/L of the metals were detected. Release of organic acids from plants significantly differed among the metal treatments. Cu was most effectively in inducing root exudation of the three types of organic acids. Cd, and Ni were also the inducers of secretion of malic and oxalic acids. With reference of Pb, a small amounts of malic and oxalic acids were detected in the root exudates, but few quantities of citric acid were found. However, no correlation between alternations in root exudation of organic acids and metal accumulation could be established. | YANG Hong 1, Jongathan W.C.Wong 2, YANG Zhi min\+1, ZHOU Li xiang 1(1. College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing\ 210095, China. 2. Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, China) | 2001 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2001，13，3： | 26 |
| 6 | Changes in cropland topsoil organic carbon with different fertilizations under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments across China's Mainland显示文摘Topsoil soil organic carbon(SOC) data were collected from long-term Chinese agro-ecosystem experiments presented in 76 reports with measurements over 1977 and 2006.The data set comprised 481 observations(135 rice paddies and 346 dry croplands) of SOC under different fertilization schemes at 70 experimental sites(28 rice paddies and 42 dry croplands).The data set covered 16 dominant soil types found in croplands across 23 provinces of China's Mainland.The fertilization schemes were grouped into six categories:N(inorganic nitrogen fertilizer only),NP(compound inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers),NPK(compound inorganic nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers),O(organic fertilizers only),OF(combined inorganic/organic fertilization) and Others(other unbalanced fertilizations such as P only,K only,P plus K and N plus K).Relative change in SOC content was analyzed,and rice paddies and dry croplands soils were compared.There was an overall temporal increase in topsoil SOC content,and relative annual change(RAC,g kg-1 yr-1) ranged -0.14-0.60(0.13 on average) for dry cropland soils and -0.12-0.70(0.19 on average) for rice paddies.SOC content increase was higher in rice paddies than in dry croplands.SOC increased across experimental sites,but was higher under organic fertilization and combined organic/inorganic fertilizations than chemical fertilizations.SOC increase was higher under balanced chemical fertilizations with compound N,P and K fertilizers than unbalanced fertilizations such as N only,N plus P,and N plus K.The effects of specific rational fertilizations on SOC increase persisted for 15 years in dry croplands and 20 years in rice paddies,although RAC values decreased generally as the experiment duration increased.Therefore,the extension of rational fertilization in China's croplands may offer a technical option to enhance C sequestration potential and to sustain long-term crop productivity. | WANG ChengJi1,PAN GenXing1*,TIAN YouGuo2,LI LianQing1,ZHANG XuHui1 & HAN XiaoJun1 1Institute of Resources,Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China 2Center of Soil and Fertilizer Quality Monitoring and Test,Agricultural Ministry of China,Beijing 100026,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 24 |
| 7 | Effects of Meat and Phosphate Level on Water-Holding Capacity and Texture of Emulsion-Type Sausage During Storage显示文摘This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity (WHC) and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat,ageing meat or frozen meat.Pre-rigor pork,ageing pork and frozen pork were pre-blended with five levels of phosphate and made into emulsion-type sausage.The yield,hardness and total expressible fluid (TEF) were measured with texture profile analysis machine and pressiometer when emulsion-type sausage was produced.Meanwhile,hardness and purge loss (PL) were measured during 30 d storage.As emusion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat,higher yield and relatively stable hardness could be found.It indicated that increasing of phosphate level caused an alleviatable effects in increasing of hardness when emulsion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat,but opposite effects made by ageing meat or frozen meat.The distribution of PL of emulsion-type sausage was found to be affected by phosphate addition.Significant decrease of PL could not be obtained by increasing of phosphate level during storage.Pre-rigor meat improved WHC and texture of emulsion-type sausage.Problem of WHC and texture of emulsiontype sausage during storage could not be resolved by single use of phosphate at relatively higher level (3%) of NaCl. | WANG Peng,XU Xing-lian and ZHOU Guang-hong Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control,Ministry of Education/Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,P.R.China | 2009 | Agricultural Sciences in China2009，8，12： | 24 |
| 8 | Cadmium transport mediated by soil colloid and dissolved organic matter:A field study显示文摘This study investigated the potential role of soil colloids and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in transporting Cd through in situ undisturbed paddy soil monoliths. Brilliant Blue was used as a tracer to assess the effect of preferential flow on Cd down migration. Experimental results showed that deep penetration of Cd and Brilliant Blue into the soil profile took place due to the preferential flow through macropores, mainly earthworm channels, with much of chemicals thus bypassing the soil matrix. Dye tracer and Cd distribution within the soil matrix was fairly restricted to several centimeters. Colloid restrained the migration of both dye and Cd in the matrix and preferential flow area. DOM facilitated the transport of Cd and Brilliant Blue in matrix and macropores by about 10 cm over that of the control. Pearson's is correlation analysis revealed strong associations between Brilliant Blue concentrations, exchangeable Cd and total Cd concentrations in three studied plots indicating that they had taken the same preferential flow pathway. | Zhaoli Li, Lixiang Zhou College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010，22，1： | 24 |
| 9 | Molecular mapping of Verticillium wilt resistance QTL clustered on chromosomes D7 and D9 in upland cotton显示文摘Verticillium wilt is a destructive disease with international consequences for cotton production. Breeding broad-spectrum resistant cultivars is considered to be one of the most effective means for reducing crop losses. A resistant cotton cultivar,60182,was crossed with a susceptible cultivar,Jun-mian 1,to identify markers for Verticillium resistance genes and validate the mode of its inheritance. Genetic segregation analysis for Verticillium wilt resistance was evaluated based upon infected leaf percentage in the seedling stage using major gene-polygene mixed inheritance models and joint analysis of P1,P2,F1,B1,B2 and F2 populations obtained from the cultivar cross. We found that resistance of upland cotton cultivar 60182 to isolates BP2,VD8 and T9,and their isoconcentration mixture was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects,and the inheritance of the major gene was dominant. Furthermore,a genetic linkage map was constructed using F2 segregating population and resistance phenotypic data were obtained using F2:3 families inoculated with different isolates and detected in different developmental stages. The genetic linkage map with 139 loci was comprised of 31 linkage groups covering 1165 cM,with an average distance of 8.38 cM between two markers,or 25.89% of the cotton genome length. From 60182,we found 4 QTL on chromosome D7 and 4 QTL on D9 for BP2,5 QTL on D7 and 9 QTL on D9 for VD8,4 QTL on D7 and 5 QTL on D9 for T9 and 3 QTL on D7 and 7 QTL on D7 for mixed pathogens. The QTL mapping results revealed that QTL clusters with high contribution rates were screened simultaneously on chromosomes D9 and D7 by multiple interval mapping (CIM),whether from resistance phenotypic data from different developmental stages or for different isolates. The result is consistent with the genetic model of two major genes in 60182 and suggests broad-spectrum resistance to both defoliating isolates of V. dahliae and nondefoliating isolates. The markers associated with resistance QTL may facilitate the use of Verticillium wilt resistance genes in improving breeding programs for cotton. | JIANG Feng,ZHAO Jun,ZHOU Lei,GUO WangZhen & ZHANG TianZhen National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement,Cotton Research Institute,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，9： | 18 |
| 10 | Genetic diversity of Harpins from Xanthomonas oryzae and their activity to induce hypersensitive response and disease resistance in tobacco显示文摘Three hrfA (hypersensitive response-functioning faction A) homologues (hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3) are cloned from 12 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae using PCR based techniques. Hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 are derived from strains belonging to X. o. pv. oryzae, X. o. pv. oryzicola and X. o. pv. oryzae respectively. Sequence analysis shows that all three genes encode glycine-rich pro-teins with various numbers of GGG-GG motifs. They all share a conserved cysteine residue at position 45 or 47. Hrf1 and hrf3 encode HarpinXoo while hrf2 encodes Harpinxooc. Hrf1 and hrf3 encodes two different types of HarpinXoo proteins. Hrf1 from X. o. pv. oryzae strains ( JxoIII, JxoIV, Jxov, Pxo61, Pxo76, Pxo79, Pxo99, Pxo99 and Pxo124) encodes a 15.6 kD HarpinXoo with 3 GGG-GG motifs while Hrf3 from strain Pxo86 and Pxo112 encodes a 15.9 kD Harpinxoo with 4 GGG-GG motifs. Harpinxooc encoded by hrf2 from X. o. pv. oryzicola (strain RS105) has the mo-lecular weight of 15.3 kD and contains 2 GGG-GG motifs. Cluster analysis is performed using deduced sequences of hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 as well as previously reported Hpa1 and XopI protein sequence. The results indicated that Harpinxoo and Harpinxooc belong to two closely related sub-groups. Hrf, hrf2 and hrf3 are expressed in E. coli strain BL21 successfully. Under the same condition, hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 are expressed at the level of 0.389, 0.530 and 0.083 mg/mL re-spectively. All expressed hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 proteins (Harpins) are shown to be able to induce hypersensitive reaction and TMV resistance on tobacco. Among the three proteins, Hrf2 has the highest activity while Hrf3 has the lowest activity. | LI Ping, LU Xuzhong, SHAO Min, LONG Juying & WANG Jinsheng Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China | 2004 | Science China(Life Sciences)2004，47，5： | 15 |
| 11 | SOME FEATURES OF CARBON CYCLES IN KARST SYSTEM AND THE IMPLICATION FOR EPIKARSTIFICATION —An Example of Yaji Karst Experimental Site in Guilin,China显示文摘The carbon pools of biomass,littering,and SOC wre studied with regards to carbon cycles in epikarst zone,taking an example of Yaji Karst Experiemnt Site in Guilin.This study was focused on SOC and its lability,SOC decomposition rate,CO 2 regime in the soils. 13 ctracing was used to persua the relation of bicarbonate in karst water to soil carbon.The results indicated sufficient carbon pool in SOC for the driveing CO 2 in the karst system.It was revealed that about 60percent of carbon in epi-karst springs resulted from SOC during spring and summer.Thus,the CO 2,driving the karstification,was not simply due to adsorption of atmospheric CO 2 but due to carbon transfer through the pathway of air-plant-soil-water.The driving force should not be overlooked for the epi-karst formation by soil as an interface of carbon environmental geochemistry. | Pan Genxing Tao Yuxiang Shun Yuhua Teng Yongzhong Han Fushun College of Resource & Environment Science,Nanjing Agricultural Univ.,Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China | 1997 | Journal of Geographical Sciences1997，7，3： | 15 |
| 12 | Effects of free iron oxyhydrates and soil organic matter on copper sorption-desorption behavior by size fractions of aggregates from two paddy soils显示文摘Effects of free iron oxyhydrates (Fed) and soil organic matter (SOM) on copper (Cu2+) sorption-desorption behavior by size fractions of aggregates from two typical paddy soils (Ferric-Accumulic Stagnic Anthrosol (Soil H) and Gleyic Stagnic Anthrosol (Soil W)) were investigated with and without treatments of dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate and of H2O2. The size fractions of aggregates were obtained from the undisturbed bulk topsoil using a low energy ultrasonic dispersion procedure. Experiments of equilibrium sorption and subsequent desorption were conducted at soil water ratio of 1:20, 25°C. For Soil H, Cu2+ sorption capacity of the DCB-treated size fractions was decreased by 5.9% for fine sand fraction, by 40.4% for coarse sand fraction, in comparison to 2.9% for the bulk sample. However, Cu2+ sorption capacities of the H2O2-treated fractions were decreased by over 80% for the coarse sand fraction and by 15% for the clay-sized fraction in comparison to 88% for bulk soil. For Soil W, Cu2+ sorption capacity of the DCB-treated size fraction was decreased by 30% for the coarse sand fraction and by over 75% for silt sand fraction in comparison to 44.5% for the bulk sample. Cu2+ sorption capacities of the H2O2-treated fractions were decreased by only 2.0% for the coarse sand fraction and by 15% for the fine sand fraction in comparison to by 3.4% for bulk soil. However, Cu2+ desorption rates were increased much in H2O2-treated samples by over 80% except the clay-sized fraction (only 9.5%) for Soil H. While removal of SOM with H2O2 tendend to increase the desorption rate, DCB- and H2O2-treatments caused decrease in Cu2+ retention capacity of size fractions. Particularly, there hardly remained Cu2+ retention capacity by size fractions from Soil H after H2O2 treatment except for clay-sized fraction. These findings supported again the dominance of the coarse sand fraction in sorption of metals and the preference of absorbed metals bound to SOM in di?erently stabilized status among the size fractions. Thus, enrichment and turnover of SOM in paddy soils may have great effects on metal retention and chemical mobility in paddy soils. | WANG Fang, PAN Genxing, LI Lianqing Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，5： | 14 |
| 13 | Methyl Jasmonate Reduces Chilling Injury and Maintains Postharvest Quality in Peaches显示文摘Zhaohui peaches (Prunus persica Batsch) were treated with 0 (CK), 1, 10 or 100 μmol L-1methyl jasmonate (MeJA) vapor at 20℃ for 24 h before stored at 0℃ for 35 d. The untreated fruits showed chilling injury (CI) symptoms after 4 wk of storage, as indicated by increased fruit firmness and reduced extractable juice, which is referred as leatheriness. Treatment with 1 and 10 μmol L-1 MeJA promoted normal ripening and softening, maintained higher levels of extractable juice, titratable acidity, pectinesterase (PE)and polygalacturonase (PG) activities, inhibited increases in fruit fresh weight loss, decay incidence, electrolyte leakage and MDA content, and improved color development, thereby preventing chilling injury symptoms development and maintaining edible quality. MeJA treatment also delayed the climacteric rise in respiratory rate, but promoted ethylene production during the later period of cold storage, suggesting that ethylene may involve in CI development of peaches. These results indicate that 1 and 10 μmol L-1 MeJA treatments could be used to reduce CI development and decay incidence in peaches. | FENG Lei, ZHENG Yong-hua, ZHANG Yan-fen, WANG Feng ZHANG Lan and LU Zhao-xin(College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 , P.R.China) | 2003 | Agricultural Sciences in China2003，2，11： | 13 |
| 14 | Relationship between osmotic stress and polyamines conjugated to the deoxyribonucleic acid-protein in wheat seedling roots显示文摘The contents of covalently conjugated polyamines (CC-PAs) and noncovalently conju- gated polyamines (NCC-PAs) to deoxyribonucleic acid-protein (DNP) isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling roots under osmotic stress were detected. Results showed that after osmotic stress treatment for 7 d, the levels in NCC-spermine (NCC-Spm) and NCC-spermidine (NCC-Spd) of drought-tolerant Yumai No. 18 cv. increased more markedly than that of drought-sensitive Yangmai No. 9 cv., while the NCC-putrescine (NCC-Put) could not be statistically detected in two cultivars. Exogenous Spm treatment alleviated osmotic stress injury to Yangmai No. 9 cv. seedlings, coupled with marked increases of NCC-Spm and NCC-Spd levels of this cultivar. Under PEG osmotic stress, the concomitant treatment of drought-tolerant Yumai No. 18 cv.seedlings with methylglyoxyl-bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), aggravated osmotic stress injury to this cultivar, coupled with market decreases of the NCC-Spm and NCC- Spd levels. The levels in CC-Put and CC-Spd of drought-tolerant Yumai No. 18 cv. increased more markedly than that of drought-sensitive Yangmai No. 9 cv. Under osmotic stress. The treatment of drought-tolerant Yumai No. 18 cv. seedlings with phenanthrolin (o-Phen), an inhibitor of transglutaminase (TGase), aggravated osmotic stress injury to this cultivar, coupled with a reduction of sum contents of CC-Put+CC-Spd. These results suggested that NCC-Spm and NCC-Spd, together with CC-Put and CC-Spd, in DNP of roots could enhance tolerance of the wheat seedlings to osmotic stress. | LIU Huaipan1,2, JI Xiu’e2, YU Bingjun1 & LIU Youliang1 1. Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 2. Key Laboratory of Plant Science, Zhoukou Normal College, Henan 466000, China | 2006 | Science China(Life Sciences)2006，49，1： | 12 |
| 15 | Identification of genomic regions determining flower and pod numbers development in soybean (Glycine max L.)显示文摘Flower and pod numbers per plant are important agronomic traits underlying soybean yield. So far quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected for flower and pod-related traits have mainly focused on the final stage, and might therefore have ignored genetic effects expressed during a specific developmental stage. Here, dynamic expressions of QTL for flower and pod numbers were identified using 152 recom-binant inbred lines (RILs) and a linkage map of 306 markers. Wide genetic variation was found among RILs; 17 unconditional and 18 conditional QTL were detected for the two traits at different developmental stages over two years. Some QTL were detected only at one stage and others across two or more stages, indicating that soybean flower and pod numbers development may be governed by time-dependent gene expression. Three main QTL (qfn-Chr18-2, qfn-Chr20-1, and qfn-Chr19) were detected for flower number, and two main QTL (qpn-Chr11 and qpn-Chr20) were detected for pod number. The phenotypic variation explained by them ranged from 6.1% to 34.7%. The markers linked to these QTL could be used in marker-assisted selection for increasing soybean flower and pod numbers, with the ultimate aim of increasing soybean yield. Comparison of the QTL regions for flower and pod numbers traits with the related genes reported previously showed that seven and four related genes were located in the QTL regions of qfn-Chr11 and qfn-Chr19, respectively. These results provide a basis for fine mapping and cloning of flower and pod development-related genes. | Dan Zhang, Hao Cheng, Hui Wang, Hengyou Zhang, Chunying Liu, Deyue Yu National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | 2010 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2010，37，8： | 11 |
| 16 | Inducement of chromosome translocation with small alien segments by irradiating mature female gametes of the whole arm translocation line显示文摘Haynaldia villosa Schur. (syn. Dasypyrum villosum Candargy, 2n=14, VV) has been proved to be an important genetic resource for wheat improvement. The development of translocation with small alien chromosome segments, especially interstitial translocation, will be helpful for better utilization of its useful genes. Up to now, most of the reported Triticum aestivum – H. villosa translocation lines are involved in a whole arm or large alien fragments. In this paper, we report a highly efficient approach for the creation of small chromosome segment translocation lines. Before flowering, the female gametes of wheat-H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line were irradiated by 60CO-γ ray at 160 Rad/M dosage rate and three dosages (1600, 1920, 2240 Rad). Anthers were removed from the irradiated florets on the same day and the florets were pollinated with normal fresh pollens of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring after 2-3 days. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) at mitosis metaphase of root-tip cell of M1 plants was used to detect the chromosome structural changes involving 6VS of H. villosa. Among the 534 M1 plants screened, 97 plants contained small segment chromosome structural changes of 6VS, including 80 interstitial translocation chromosomes, 57 terminal translocation chromosomes and 55 deletion chromosomes. For the 2240 Rad dosage treatment, the inducement frequencies of interstitial translo-cation, terminal translocation and deletion were 21.02%, 14.01%, and 14.65%, respectively, which were much higher than those previously reported. The M2 seeds were obtained by backcrossing of 74 M1 plants involving 146 chromosomes structural changes of 6VS, and it was found that the structural aberrations in the M1 plants could be transmitted to their progenies. Irradiating mature female gametes of whole arm translocation is a new and highly efficient approach for creation of small segment chromosome struc-tural changes, especially for interstitial translocations. | CHEN ShengWei1,2, CHEN PeiDu1 & WANG XiuE1 1 National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 2 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，4： | 11 |
| 17 | Interactive effect of dissolved organic matter and phenanthrene on soil enzymatic activities显示文摘The investigation of dissolved organic matter(DOM) on urease,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in a phenanthrene(Phe)contaminated soil was conducted under laboratory incubation conditions.Values of soil enzymatic activity depended mainly on incubation time.In the initial 16 days,urease activity increased,and was followed by a decrease.In the initial 8 days,catalase activity decreased and then increased.Variation of polyphenol oxidase activity was just the reverse of catalase activity.After 30 days of incubation,no pronounced difference among treatments with Phe,Phe and DOM,and control were detected in urease,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity.Phe might inhibit urease and catalase,and stimulate polyphenol oxidase.DOM could improve inhibition of Phe in soil urease and catalase activity during the initial period of applying DOM.Nevertheless,DOM had no significant effect on polyphenol oxidase activity in the Phe contaminated soil.There was a negative correlation between catalase and polyphenol oxidase(r =-0.761***),and catalase and urease(r =-0.554**).Additionally,a positive correlation between polyphenol oxidase and urease was also detected(r = 0.701***).It is implied that the formed DOM after application of organic wastes into soils may counteract the inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil enzyme activities. | Xinhua Zhan,Wenzhu Wu,Lixiang Zhou,Jianru Liang,Tinghui Jiang College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China.Greenstar Plant Products Inc.,9430 198 St,Langley,BC,Canada V1M3C8. | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010，22，4： | 10 |
| 18 | Effects of dissolved organic matter from sewage sludge on the atrazine sorption by soils显示文摘The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM), water soluble organic matter derived from sewage sludge, on the sorption of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-trazine) by soils were studied using a batch equilibrium technique. Six paddy soils, chosen so as to have different organic carbon contents, were experimented in this investigation. Atrazine sorption isotherms on soils were described by the linear equation, and the distribution coefficients without DOM (Kd) or with DOM (Kd*) were obtained. Generally, the values of Kd*/Kd initially insoil-solution system form. Critical concentrations of DOM (DOMnp) were obtained where the value of Kd* was equal to Kd. The presence of DOM with concentrations lower than DOMnp promoted atrazine sorption on soils (Kd* > Kd), whereas the presence of DOM with concentrations higher than DOMnp tended to inhibit atrazine sorption (Kd* < Kd). Interestingly, DOMnp for tested soils was negatively correlated to the soil organic carbon content, and the maximum of Kd*/Kd (i.e.Kmax) correlated positively with the maximum of DOM sorption on soil (Xmax). Further investigations showed that the presence of hydrophobic fraction of DOM evidently promoted the atrazine sorption on soils, whereas the presence of hydrophilic DOM fraction obviously tended to inhibit the atrazine sorption. Interactions of soil surfaces with DOM and its fractions were suggested to be the major processes determining atrazine sorption on soils. The results of this work provide a reference to the agricultural use of organic amendment such as sewage sludge for improving the availability of atrazine in soils. | LING Wanting, XU Jianming & GAO Yanzheng College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Najing 210095, China | 2005 | Science China(Life Sciences)2005，48，z1： | 9 |
| 19 | Identification of an avirulence gene,avrxa5,from the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae显示文摘Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,the causal agent of bacterial blight in rice,interacts with rice plants in a gene-for-gene manner.The specificity of the interaction is dictated by avirulence(avr) genes in the pathogen and resistance(R) genes in the host.To date,no avr genes that correspond to recessive R genes have been isolated.We isolated an avrBs3/pthA family gene,avrxa5,from our previously isolated clone p58,which was originally from strain JXOIII.The avrxa5 gene converted the PXO99A strain from compatible to incompatible in rice cultivars containing the recessive xa5 gene,but not in those containing the dominant Xa5 gene.Sequencing indicated that avrxa5,which is highly similar to members of the avrBs3/pthA family,encodes a protein of 1238 amino acid residues with a conserved carboxy-terminal region containing three nuclear localization signals and a transcription activation domain.It has 19.5 34-amino-acid direct repeats,but the 13th amino acid is missing in the fifth and ninth repetitive units.Domain swapping of the repetitive regions between avrxa5 and avrXa7 changed the avirulence specificity of the genes in xa5 and Xa7 rice lines,respectively.This indicates that avrxa5 is distinct from previously characterized avrBs3/pthA members.The specificity of avrxa5 toward recessive xa5 in rice could help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen specific interactions. | ZOU HuaSong1,ZHAO WenXiang2,ZHANG XiFu3,HAN YangChun2,ZOU LiFang2 & CHEN GongYou1,2* 1School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China 2College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University/Laboratory for Monitoring and Management for Plant Pests and Diseases,Chinese Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing 210095,China 3Department of Agronomy,Henan Vocation-Technical Teachers College,Xinxiang 453003,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，12： | 9 |
| 20 | Differentiation of Soil Fauna Populations in Conventional Tillage and No-Tillage Red Soil Ecosystems显示文摘In a field experiment, the populations of major soil fauna groups including earthworms, enchytraeids,arthropods and nematodes were examined in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) red soil ecosystems to evaluate their responses to tillage disturbance. Earthworms, macrry and micro-arthropods were stimulated under NT with earthworms showing the highest population increase by four times, while enchytraeids and nematodes favored CT system, predicting certain adaptability of these animals to plow-disturbed soil environment. On the basis of relative response index it was found that soil fauna was more sensitive to tillage than soil resource base (C and N pools) and microflora. The population structure of soil fauna was also affected by tillage treatments. Analysis on nematode trophic groups showed that bacteria-feeding and plant parasitic nematodes were more abundant in CT soil whereas the proportions of fungivores and omnivorepredators increased in NT soil. Possible reasons for the differentiation in both size and structure of the fauna population were discussed and the ecological significance involved in these changes was emphasized. | HU FENG LI HUIXIN and WU SHANMEI(Nanjing Agriculturol University, Nanjing 210095 (China)) | 1997 | Pedosphere1997，7，4： | 8 |
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