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| 1 | Impact of overgrazing on the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan pastoral communities of Sichuan Province,China显示文摘背景过度放牧被假定增加是包虫 multilocularis 的中间的主人的小哺乳动物的人口密度,在 Qinghai 西藏高原的牙槽的包虫病的病原体。这研究测试了过度放牧可能支持的假设通过增加小哺乳动物的人口的包虫 multilocularis 传播,在擦伤惯例的西藏的牧剧 communities.Methods 的中间的主人,小哺乳动物索引和狗包虫 rnultilocularis 感染数据被收集分析在用的 nonpararnetric 测试和多重逐步的逻辑 regression.Results 过度放牧和包虫 rnultilocularis 传播之间的关系调查一公社的牧场存在,可得到的牧草为放牧是缺乏的。开(普通) 牧场被过度放牧并且与附近的 fenced 相比有小哺乳动物的更高的洞穴密度(私人) 牧场;由附近的 fenced 区域测量的开的牧场上的这个高过度放牧压力在开的牧场导致了小哺乳动物的更高的洞穴密度。在开的牧场的小哺乳动物的中部的洞穴密度独立地与附近犬的包虫 multilocularis 感染被联系(P=0.003, OR=1.048 ) 过度放牧的 .Conclusion 可以通过增加小哺乳动物的人口密度支持包虫 multilocularis 的传播。 | WANG Qian XIAO Yong-fu Dominique A Vuitton Peter M Schantz Francis Raoul Christine Budke Maiza Campos-Ponce Philip S Craig Patrick Giraudoux | 2007 | Chinese Medical Journal2007，，3： | 20 |
| 2 | Complex role for the immune system in initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer显示文摘The immune system plays a complex role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Inflammation can promote the formation of premalignant lesions and accelerate pancreatic cancer development. Conversely, pancreatic cancer is characterized by an immunosuppressive environment, which is thought to promote tumor progression and invasion. Here we review the current literature describing the role of the immune response in the progressive development of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the mechanisms that drive recruitment and activation of immune cells at the tumor site, and our current understanding of the function of the immune cell types at the tumor. Recent clinical and preclinical data are reviewed, detailing the involvement of the immune response in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, including the role of specific cytokines and implications for disease outcome. Acute pancreatitis is characterized by a predominantly innate immune response, while chronic pancreatitis elicits an immune response that involves both innate and adaptive immune cells, and often results in profound sys-temic immune-suppression. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by marked immune dysfunction driven by immunosuppressive cell types, tumor-promoting immune cells, and defective or absent inflammatory cells. Recent studies reveal that immune cells interact with cancer stem cells and tumor stromal cells, and these interactions have an impact on development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC). Finally, current PDAC therapies are reviewed and the potential for harnessing the actions of the immune response to assist in targeting pancreatic cancer using immunotherapy is discussed. | Kristin S Inman Amanda A Francis Nicole R Murray | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，32： | 11 |
| 3 | Juvenile polyposis syndrome显示文摘Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple distinct juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and an increased risk of colorectal cancer.The cumulative life-time risk of colorectal cancer is 39% and the relative risk is 34.Juvenile polyps have a distinctive histology characterized by an abundance of edematous lamina propria with inflammatory cells and cystically dilated glands lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium with reactive changes.Clinically,juvenile polyposis syndrome is defined by the presence of 5 or more juvenile polyps in the colorectum,juvenile polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract or any number of juvenile polyps and a positive family history of juvenile polyposis.In about 50%-60% of patients diagnosed with juvenile polyposis syndrome a germline mutation in the SMAD4 or BMPR1A gene is found.Both genes play a role in the BMP/TGF-beta signalling pathway.It has been suggested that cancer in juvenile polyposis may develop through the socalled 'landscaper mechanism' where an abnormal stromal environment leads to neoplastic transformation of the adjacent epithelium and in the end invasive carcinoma.Recognition of this rare disorder is important for patients and their families with regard to treatment,follow-up and screening of at risk individuals.Each clinician confronted with the diagnosis of a juvenile polyp should therefore consider the possibility of juvenile polyposis syndrome.In addition,juvenile polyposis syndrome provides a unique model to study colorectal cancer pathogenesis in general and gives insight in the molecular genetic basis of cancer.This review discusses clinical manifestations,genetics,pathogenesis and management of juvenile polyposis syndrome. | Lodewijk AA Brosens Danielle Langeveld W Arnout van Hattem Francis M Giardiello G Johan A Offerhaus | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，44： | 7 |
| 4 | Diagnosis and Epidemiology of H elicobacter pylori Infection显示文摘 | Xavier Calvet María‐José Ramírez Lázaro Philippe Lehours Francis Mégraud | 2013 | Helicobacter2013，，： | 5 |
| 5 | Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: A systematic review显示文摘 | Lani Prideaux Michael A Kamm Peter P De Cruz Francis K L Chan Siew C Ng | 2012 | Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology2012，，8： | 5 |
| 6 | Influence of lanthanum level and interactions with nitrogen source on early development of Juglans nigra显示文摘稀土元素元素在中国农业被用于 30 年改进生长和产量。众多的科学研究在生理学,矿物质营养,和生长显示出改进,尽管有害效果可以也发生。很少的研究在木质的种类上被执行了。我们指数地使肥沃一个年旧黑核桃(Juglans nigra L.) 有 0, 0.1, 1, 10,或 100 mg 镧(La ) 和 800 mg 氮(N) 的幼苗作为 NaNO3,(NH4 ) 2SO4, NH4NO3,或没有 N。一月追随者期末考试授精,生长,矿物质营养,光合作用,叶绿素,和硝酸盐 reductase 活动被估计。植物与 La 的高水平使肥沃减少了好根生长,镁的集中,钙,镍,和磷,光合作用层次,和叶绿素一个内容。叶的 La 集中显示出相互作用效果,与乘在在到给 10 mg La 为的那些的 100 mg La 喂的植物的更大的集中的三~四(NH4 ) 2SO4 和 NH4NO3 处理。在层次的 La 增加的建议不有益的效果在在 N 之间的这研究和相互作用使用了的结果采购原料, La 层次没在黑核桃幼苗的生长,矿物质营养,或生理学上有重要影响。 | Nicodemus Michael A Salifu K Francis Jacobs Douglass F | 2009 | Journal of Rare Earths2009，27，2： | 4 |
| 7 | The internal model principles of control theory显示文摘 | Francis B A Wonham W M | 1976 | Automatica1976，12，： | 3 |
| 8 | Stratification of outcomes for mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis by histological grade显示文摘AIM To investigate the importance of a three-tiered histologic grade on outcomes for patients with mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma(MAA).METHODS Two hundred and sixty-five patients with MAA undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy were identified from a prospective database from 2004 through 2014. All pathology was reviewed by our gastrointestinal subspecialty pathologists and histological grade was classified as well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS There were 201(75.8%) well-, 45(16.9%) moderatelyand 19(7.2%) poorly-differentiated tumors. Histological grade significantly stratified the 5-year overall survival(OS), 94%, 71% and 30% respectively(P < 0.001) as well as the 5-year disease-free survival(DFS) 66%, 21% and 0%, respectively(P < 0.001). Independent predictors of DFS included tumor grade(HR = 1.78, 95%CI: 1.21-2.63, P = 0.008), lymph node involvement(HR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.11-0.98, P < 0.02), previous surgical score(HR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.1-1.65, P = 0.03) and peritoneal carcinomatosis index(PCI)(HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08, P = 0.002). Independent predictors of OS include tumor grade(HR = 2.79, 95%CI: 1.26-6.21, P = 0.01), PCI(HR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.16, P = 0.002), and complete cytoreduction(HR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.11-0.92, P = 0.03). Tumor grade and PCI were the only independent predictors of both DFS and OS. Furthermore, histological grade and lymphovascular invasion stratified the risk of lymph node metastasis into a low(6%) and high(40%) risk groups. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that moderately differentiated MAA have a clinical behavior and outcome that is distinct from well-and poorly-differentiated MAA. The threetier grade classification provides improved prognostic stratification and should be incorporated into patient selection and treatment algorithms. | Travis Edward Grotz Richard E Royal Paul F Mansfield Michael James Overman Gary N Mann Kristen Ashlee Robinson Karen A Beaty Safiea Rafeeq Auerlio Matamoros Michelle W Taggart Keith Francis Fournier | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2017，9，9： | 2 |
| 9 | Relation of atrophic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori-CagA^+ and interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms显示文摘AIM: To determine the association of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) CagA+ infection and pro-inflammatory poly-morphisms of the genes interleukin (IL)-1RN and IL-1B with the risk of gastric atrophy and peptic ulcers in a dyspeptic population in Costa Rica, a country with high incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. METHODS: Seven biopsy specimens, a fasting blood sample and a questionnaire concerning nutritional and sociodemographic factors were obtained from 501 con-secutive patients who had undergone endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. A histopathological diagnosis was made. Pepsinogen concentrations were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Infection with H pylori CagA+ was determined by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL-1B and IL-1RN polymorphisms genotyping was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)and PCR respectively. RESULTS: In this dyspeptic population, 86% were H pylori positive and of these, 67.8% were positive for CagA. Atrophic antral gastritis (AAG) was associated with CagA+ status [odd ratio (OR) = 4.1; P < 0.000] and fruit consumption (OR = 0.3; P < 0.00). Atrophic body gastritis (ABG) was associated with pepsinogen PGI/PGII < 3.4 (OR = 4.9; P < 0.04) and alcohol consumption (OR = 7.3; P < 0.02). Duodenal ulcer was associated with CagA+ (OR = 2.9; P < 0.04) and smoking (OR = 2.4; P < 0.04). PGI < 60 μg/L as well as PGI/PGII < 3.4 were associated with CagA+. CONCLUSION: In a dyspeptic population in Costa Rica, H pylori CagA+ is not associated with ABG, but it is a risk factor for AAG. The pro-inflammatory cytokine poly-morphisms IL-1B + 3945 and IL-1RN are not associated with the atrophic lesions of this dyspeptic population. | Rafaela Sierra Clas Une Vanessa Ramírez Warner Alpízar-Alpízar María I González José A Ramírez Antoine de Mascarel Patricia Cuenca Guillermo Pérez-Pérez Francis Mégraud | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，42： | 2 |
| 10 | BRAF and KRAS Mutations in Hyperplastic Polyps and Serrated Adenomas of the Colorectum: Relationship to Histology and CpG Island Methylation Status显示文摘 | Shi Yang Francis A Farraye Charline Mack Oksana Posnik Michael J O’Brien | 2004 | The American Journal of Surgical Pathology2004，，11： | 2 |
| 11 | Acute myeloid leukemia 显示文摘 | Francis J Keating A Anthony H | 2002 | Hematology2002，，： | 2 |
| 12 | Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound for vascular gene delivery显示文摘 | Lawrie A Brissken AF Francis SE | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 13 | Microbubble - enhanced ultrasound for vascular gene delivery显示文摘 | Lawrie A Brisken AF Francis SE | 2000 | Gene Thera2000，7，23： | 2 |
| 14 | 在 7T 的多原子的磁性的回声光谱学的应用显示文摘 AIM: To discuss the advantages of ultra-high field (7T) for 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of metabolism.made at both 3 and 7T using 1H MRS. Measurements of glycogen and lipids in muscle were measured using 13C and 1H MRS respectively. RESULTS: In the brain, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dispersion allows spectral separation of the amino-acids glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), without the need for sophisticated editing sequences. Improved quantification of these me-tabolites is demonstrated at 7T relative to 3T. SNR was 36% higher, and measurement repeatability (% coefficients of variation) was 4%, 10% and 10% at 7T, vs 8%, 29% and 21% at 3T for glutamate, glutamine and GABA respectively. Measurements at 7T were used to compare metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula. Creatine and glutamate levels were found to be significantly higher in the insula compared to the ACC (P < 0.05). In muscle, the increased SNR and spectral resolution at 7T enables interleaved studies of glycogen (13C) and intra-myocellular lipid (IMCL) and extra-myocellular lipid (EMCL) (1H) following exercise and refeeding. Glycogen levels were sig-nificantly decreased following exercise (-28% at 50% VO2 max; -58% at 75% VO2 max). Interestingly, levels of glycogen in the hamstrings followed those in the quadriceps, despite reduce exercise loading. No changes in IMCL and EMCL were found in the study. CONCLUSION: The demonstrated improvements in brain and muscle MRS measurements at 7T will increase the potential for use in investigating human metabolism and changes due to pathologies. | Mary C Stephenson Frances Gunner Antonio Napolitano Paul L Greenhaff Ian A MacDonald Nadeem Saeed William Vennart Susan T Francis Peter G Morris | 2011 | World Journal of Radiology2011，3，4： | 2 |
| 15 | Mutifactorial analysis of risk factors for reduced bone mineral density in patients with Crohn’s disease显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in a cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify the relative significance of risk factors for osteoporosis. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-eight unselected patients (92 M, 166 F) with CD were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed by measuring bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and bone resorption by measuring urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and N-telopeptide (NTX). RESULTS: Between 11.6%-13.6% patients were osteoporotic (T score < -2.5) at the lumbar spine and/or hip. NTX levels were significantly higher in the patients with osteoporosis (P < 0.05) but BSAP and DPD levels were not significantly different. Independent risk factors for osteoporosis at either the lumbar spine or hip were a low body mass index (P < 0.001), increasing corticosteroid use (P < 0.005), and male sex (P < 0.01). These factors combined accounted for 23% and 37% of the reduction in BMD at the lumbar spine and hip respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that osteoporosis is common in patients with CD and suggest that increased bone resorption is the mechanism responsible for thebone loss. However, less than half of the reduction in BMD can be attributed to risk factors such as corticosteroid use and low BMI and therefore remains unexplained. | Sarah A Bartram Robert T Peaston David J Rawlings David Walshaw Roger M Francis Nick P Thompson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，35： | 2 |
| 16 | A preclinical view of cholinesterase inhibitors in neuroprotection; Do they provide more than symptomatic benefits in Alzheimer' s disease?显示文摘 | Nordberg A Arnold SE | 2005 | Trends Pharmacol Sci2005，26，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Conversion of a RAPD-generated PCR product, containing a novel dispersed repetitive element,into a last and robust assay for the pres- ence of rye chromatin in wheat 显示文摘 | Francis H A Leitch A R Koebner R M D | 1995 | Theoretical and Applied Genetics1995，90，： | 1 |
| 18 | Use of responsesurface methodology for optimizing process parameters for the produc-tion of-amylase by Aspergillus oryzae显示文摘 | FRANCIS F SABU A NAMPOOTHIRI K M | 2003 | Biochemical Engineer-ing Journal2003，15，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Alkali Reductive Roasting of Ilmenite Ore显示文摘 | El-Tawil S Z Mosri I M Yehia A Francis A A | 1996 | Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly1996，35，1： | 1 |
| 20 | The Volatile Composition of Chardonnay Juices a Study by Flavor precursor Analysis显示文摘 | Sefton M A Francis I L Williams P J | 1993 | American Journal of Enology and Viticulture1993，44，4： | 1 |
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