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| 1 | Knockout mouse models of insulin signaling: Relevance past and future显示文摘Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. In an effort to understand and treat this condition, re searchers have used genetic manipulation of mice to uncover insulin signaling pathways and determine the effects of their perturbation. After decades of research much has been learned, but the pathophysiology o insulin resistance in human diabetes remains contro versial, and treating insulin resistance remains a chal lenge. This review will discuss limitations of mouse models lacking select insulin signaling molecule genes In the most influential mouse models, glucose metabo lism differs from that of humans at the cellular, organ and whole-organism levels, and these differences limi the relevance and benefit of the mouse models both in terms of mechanistic investigations and therapeutic development. These differences are due partly to im mutable differences in mouse and human biology, and partly to the failure of genetic modifications to produce an accurate model of human diabetes. Several fac tors often limit the mechanistic insights gained from experimental mice to the particular species and strain including: developmental effects, unexpected meta bolic adjustments, genetic background effects, and technical issues. We conclude that the limitations and weaknesses of genetically modified mouse models of insulin resistance underscore the need for redirection of research efforts toward methods that are more directly relevant to human physiology. | Anne E Bunner P Charukeshi Chandrasekera Neal D Barnard | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，2： | 9 |
| 2 | Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup显示文摘AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732). | Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders Anthony N Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 6 |
| 3 | Implications of phytoestrogen intake for breast cancer显示文摘 | Christine D Kimberly P Ann P | 2007 | CA Cancer Clin2007，57，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Emergency care n facial itrauma--a maxillofacial and ophthalmic perspective 显示文摘 | Michael P Anne D Kamiar M | 2005 | Injury- international Journal of the Care of the Injured2005，36，8： | 1 |
| 5 | The severity of pandemic H1N1 in fluenza in the United States,from April to July 2009:a Bayesian analysis显示文摘 | Anne M P Daniela D A The New York City Swine Flu Investigation | 2009 | PLoS Med2009，6，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Longer time inter val between completion of neoadjuvant ehemoradiation and sur- gical resection does not improve downstaging of rectal carcino- ma显示文摘 | Stein D E Mahmoud N N Anne P R | 2003 | Dis Colon Rectum2003，46，： | 1 |
| 7 | Making sense of latent TGF-beta activation显示文摘 | MUNGER J S RIFKIN D B | 2003 | J Cell Sci2003，116，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Antiepileptie drugs:Are women aware of interactions with oral contraceptivesand potential teratogenicity?显示文摘 | Alison M P Anne R D Kritzer J | 2009 | Epilepsy & Behavior2009，4，14： | 1 |
| 9 | Nicotine Upregulates Its Own Receptors through Enhanced Intracellular Maturation显示文摘 | Jerome S Stephanie P Anne D | 2005 | Neuron2005，46，： | 1 |
| 10 | pH-Dependent partitioning in room temperature ionic liquids 显示文摘 | Visser Ann E Swatloski Richard P Rogers Robin D | 2000 | Green Chemistry2000，2，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Development of nano technologies显示文摘 | Ann P D | 2004 | Materialstoday2004，7，： | 1 |
| 12 | Trees and shrubs as sources of fodder in Australia显示文摘 | Lefroy E C P R D ann J H Wildin | 1992 | Agroforestry Systems1992，20，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rat 显示文摘 | Mullenix P J Pamele K D Ann S | 1995 | Neurotoxicology and teralogy1995，17，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Cement hydration in the presence of high filler contents 显示文摘 | Anne - Mieke P Geert D S | 2005 | Cement and Concrete Research2005，35，12： | 1 |
| 15 | The dying neonate:Family-centered end-of-life care显示文摘 | Martine D Ann M P | 2009 | Neonatal Network2009，28，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Making sense of latent TGFbeta activation显示文摘 | Annes J P Munger J S Rifkin D B | 2003 | J Cell Sci2003，6，2： | 1 |
| 17 | a new prediction equation,A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine,Modification of diet in renal disease study group显示文摘 | Levy A S Bosch J P Lewis J B Greene T Rogers N Roth D Ann Intern Med | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | A Phase II trial of subcutaneous amifostine and radiation therapy in patients with head-and neck cancer显示文摘 | Anne P R Machtay M Rosenthal D I | 2007 | Int J Radiat Oneol Biol Phys2007，67，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Increased dietary intake of co-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsreduces pathological retinal angiogenesis显示文摘 | Kip M C San Giovanni J P Lofqvist C Christopher M A Chen J HiguchiA Hong S Elke A P Majchrzak S Carper D Ann H Kang J X Emily Y C Norman S Charles N S | 2007 | Nature Medicine2007，13，： | 1 |
| 20 | Removal rate model for magnetorheological finishing of glass 显示文摘 | Jessica E D Anne E M John P W | 2007 | Applied Optics2007，46，32： | 1 |
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