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| 1 | Electrical stimulation and denervated muscles after spinal cord injury显示文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous tissue.These morphological changes may put individuals with SCI at higher risk for developing other diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity and osteoporosis.Currently,there is no available rehabilitation intervention to rescue the muscles or restore muscle size in SCI individuals with lower motor neuron denervation.We,hereby,performed a review of the available evidence that supports the use of electrical stimulation in restoration of denervated muscle following SCI.Long pulse width stimulation(LPWS)technique is an upcoming method of stimulating denervated muscles.Our primary objective is to explore the best stimulation paradigms(stimulation parameters,stimulation technique and stimulation wave)to achieve restoration of the denervated muscle.Stimulation parameters,such as the pulse duration,need to be 100–1000 times longer than in innervated muscles to achieve desirable excitability and contraction.The use of electrical stimulation in animal and human models induces muscle hypertrophy.Findings in animal models indicate that electrical stimulation,with a combination of exercise and pharmacological interventions,have proven to be effective in improving various aspects like relative muscle weight,muscle cross sectional area,number of myelinated regenerated fibers,and restoring some level of muscle function.Human studies have shown similar outcomes,identifying the use of LPWS as an effective strategy in increasing muscle cross sectional area,the size of muscle fibers,and improving muscle function.Therefore,displaying promise is an effective future stimulation intervention.In summary,LPWS is a novel stimulation technique for denervated muscles in humans with SCI.Successful studies on LPWS of denervated muscles will help in translating this stimulation technique to the clinical level as a rehabilitation intervention after SCI. | Subhalakshmi Chandrasekaran John Davis Ines Bersch Gary Goldberg Ashraf S.Gorgey | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，8： | 3 |
| 2 | Metalloproteinase inhibition and erythroid potentiation are independent activities of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1显示文摘 | Chesler L Golde DW Bersch N | 1995 | Blood1995，86，12： | 1 |
| 3 | Metalloproteinase inhibition and erythroid potentiation are independent activities of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1显示文摘 | Golde DW Bersch N | 1995 | Blood1995，86，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Evaluation of heat-damage to protein by coomassie blue G dye- binding显示文摘 | KRATZER F H BERSCH S VOHRA P | 1990 | Journal of Food Science1990，55，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of nebivolol on proliferation and Apoptosis of human coronary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells显示文摘 | Brehm BR Wolf SC Bersch D | 2001 | Cardiovasc Res2001，49，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Nuclear and morphology studies of aluminum deposited from an ambient-temperature chloroaluminate molten salt显示文摘 | Carlin R T Crawford W Bersch M J | 1992 | J Electrochem Soc1992，139，： | 1 |
| 7 | Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and ductal adenocarcinoma induced by DMBA in mice显示文摘 | Osvaldt AB Wendt LR Bersch VP | 2006 | Surgery2006，140，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and ductal adenocarcinoma induced by DMBA in mice显示文摘 | Osvaldt A B Wendt L R Bersch V P | 2006 | Surgery2006，140，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Long-term effects of re- peated intradetrusor botulinum neurotoxin A injections on detrusor function in patients with neurogenic bladder dys- function显示文摘 | Pannek J GOcking K Bersch U | 2009 | BJU Int2009，104，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Nucleation and morphology studies of aluminum deposited from an ambient temperature chloroaluminate molten salt 显示文摘 | CARLIN R T CRAWFORD W BERSCH M | 1992 | J Electrochem Soc1992，139，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Circulating fibronectin isoforms predict the degree of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C 显示文摘 | Hackl NJ Bersch C Franke A | 2010 | Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology2010，46，： | 1 |
| 12 | Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and ductal adenocarcinoma induced by DMBA in mice effects of alcohol and caffecino 显示文摘 | Wendt L R Osvalt A B Bersch V P | 2007 | Acta Cir Bras2007，22，3： | 1 |
| 13 | New insights into histi- dine triad proteins: solution structure of a Streptococcus pneumoniae PhtD domain and zinc transfer to AdcAII 显示文摘 | Bersch B Bougault C Roux L | 2013 | PLoS One2013，288，81： | 1 |
| 14 | The autophagosomal-lysosomal compartment in programmed cell death显示文摘 | Bersch W | 2001 | Cell Derth Differ2001，8，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Metalloproteinase inhibition and erythroid potentiation are independent activities of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 显示文摘 | Chesler L Golde DW Bersch N | 1995 | Blood1995，86，： | 1 |
| 16 | Physiological characteristics of high altitude climbers 显示文摘 | A Keromes B Bersch | 1988 | Sci Sport1988，3，： | 1 |
| 17 | Nucleation and morphology studies of aluminum deposited from an ambient-temperature ehloroaluminate molten salt显示文摘 | Carlin R T Crawford W Bersch M | 1992 | J Electrochem Soc1992，13，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and ductal adenocarcinoma induced by DMBA in mice显示文摘 | Osvaldt AB Wendt LR Bersch VP | 2006 | Surgery2006，14，5： | 1 |
| 19 | The artificial urinary sphincter in patients with spinal cord lesion: description of a modified technique and clinical results显示文摘 | Bersch U Gocking K Pannek J | 2009 | Eur Uro12009，55，3： | 1 |
| 20 | New insights into histidine triad proteins:solution structure of a streptococcus pneumoniae Pht D domain and zinc transfer to Adc AⅡ显示文摘 | Bersch B Bougault C Roux L | 2013 | PLo S One2013，8，81： | 1 |
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