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| 1 | Updates on treatment of irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and discomfort in association with altered bowel habits. It is estimated to affect 10%-15% of the Western population, and has a large impact on quality of life and (in)direct healthcare costs. IBS is a multifactorial disorder involving dysregulation within the brain-gut axis, and it is frequently associated with gastrointestinal motor and sensory dysfunction, enteric and central nervous system irregularities, neuroimmune dysregulation, and post- infectious inflammation. As with other functional medical disorders, the treatment for IBS can be challenging. Conventional therapy for those with moderate to severe symptoms is largely unsatisfactory, and the development of new and effective drugs is made difficult by the complex pathogenesis, variety of symptoms, and lack of objective clinical findings that are the hallmark of this disorder. Fortunately, research advances over the past several decades have provided insight into potential mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of IBS, and have led to the development of several promising pharmaceutical agents. In recent years there has been much publicity over several of these new IBS medications (alosetron and tegaserod) because of their reported association with ischemic colitis and cardiovascular disease. While these agents remain available for use under restricted prescribing programs, this highlights the need for continued development of safe and effective medication for IBS. This article provides a physiologically- based overview of recently developed and frequently employed pharmaceutical agents used to treat IBS, and discusses some non-pharmaceutical options that may be beneficial in this disorder. | Christopher W Hammerle Christina M Surawicz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，17： | 4 |
| 2 | β-defensins and the epididymis: contrasting influences of prenatal, postnatal, and adult scenarios显示文摘β -defensins 是主人防卫的部件,与抗菌剂和多种的免疫调节的性质。在最后 15 年的研究表明了许多 β 的丰富的表示;在不同种类的出生后的 epididymis 的 -defensins。这些蛋白质的区域特定、房间特定的表示的一个坡度在出生后的 epididymis 的上皮被观察。他们进到他们沿着 epididymis 旅行的精子的钠液体和绑定的分泌物在繁殖特定的任务建议了他们的参与。因此,连续注意被给了各种各样的 β为他们在精子功能和富饶的角色的 -defensins。尽管 β -defensins 大部分依赖于雄激素,在 epididymis 调整他们的表达式和函数的内在的机制很好没被理解。最近的调查指出了到在哪儿的一种新、有趣的情形 β ; -defensins 在 Wolffian 管与一个不同表示模式出现, epididymis 的胚胎的先锋与成年 epididymis 对比,从而有关 β 的多功能的角色重新定义这个概念;在发展中的 epididymis 的 -defensins 。在这评论,我们总结 β 的一些当前的看法;在在 prenatal-to-postnatal 转变期间在发展中的 epididymis 在他们的角色上加亮我们的最近的数据和推测的 epididymis 的 -defensins ,在可以贡献 epididymal 生物学和男富饶的更好的理解的这个研究区域把注意带到许多未答复的问题。 | Camilla M Ribeiro Erick JR Silva Barry T Hinton Maria Christina W Avellar | 2016 | Asian Journal of Andrology2016，18，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Association of autoimmune hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematodes:A case series and review of the literature显示文摘Liver test abnormalities have been described in up to 60% of patients with systemic lupus erythematodes(SLE) at some point during the course of their disease.Prior treatment with potentially hepatotoxic drugs or viral hepatitis is commonly considered to be the main cause of liver disease in SLE patients.However,in rare cases elevated liver enzymes may be due to concurrent autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).To distinguish whether the patient has primary liver disease with associated autoimmune clinical and laboratory features resembling SLE- such as AIH- or the elevation of liver enzymes is a manifestation of SLE remains a difficult challenge for the treating physician.Here,we present six female patients with complex autoimmune disorders and hepatitis.Patient charts were reviewed in order to investigate the complex relationship between SLE and AIH.All patients had coexisting autoimmune disease in their medical history.At the time of diagnosis of AIH,patients presented with arthralgia,abdominal complaints,cutaneous involvement and fatigue as common symptoms.All patients fulfilled the current diagnostic criteria of both,AIH and SLE.Remission of acute hepatitis was achieved in all cases after the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy.In addition to this case study a literature review was conducted. | Claudia Beisel Christina Weiler-Normann Andreas Teufel Ansgar W Lohse | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，35： | 2 |
| 4 | Empowerment in intensive care:Patient experiences compared to next of kin and staff beliefs 显示文摘 | Ingrid W Anna- Christina EK Ewe I | 2009 | Intensive and Critical Care Nursing2009，25，： | 1 |
| 5 | The anestheticconsiderations of trachebronchial foreign bodies in children :a literature review of 12979 cases显示文摘 | Christina W Fidkowski MD Zheng H | 2010 | Anesth Analg2010，111，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Reproductive toxicity evaluation of dietary butyl benzyl phthalate(BBP)in rats显示文摘 | Rochelle W T Christina B M Melissa C M | 2004 | Reproductive Toxicology2004，18，： | 1 |
| 7 | Following TRAIL' s path in the immune system显示文摘 | Christina F Uta S Henning W | 2009 | Immunology2009，127，8： | 1 |
| 8 | An analytic expression for the field dependence of Zernike polynomialrotationally symmetric optical systems显示文摘 | Robert W Gray Christina Dunn Kevin P Thompson | 2012 | Opt Express2012，20，16： | 1 |
| 9 | Assessment of uncer- tainty sources in water quality modeling in the Niagara River显示文摘 | Franceschini Samuela Tsai Christina W | 2010 | Advances in water Resources2010，4，： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of Tai Chi on pre-landingmuscle response latency during stepping down while performing a concurrent mental task in older adults显示文摘 | William W N Tsang Christina W Y Hui C Siu N Fu | 2011 | European Journal of Applied Physiology2011，112，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Determination of potential sources of PCBs and PBDEs in sediments of the Niagara River 显示文摘 | Fatin Samara Christina W Tsai | 2006 | Environmental Pollution2006，139，： | 1 |
| 12 | The Lysyl Oxidases LOX and LOXL2 Are Necessary and Sufficient to Repress E - cadherin in Hypoxia显示文摘 | Ruth S Christina W Ingrid W | 2010 | J Biol Chem2010，285，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Reduction in the number of repeated operations for the treatment of subacute and chronic subdural hematomas by placement of subdural drains 显示文摘 | Christopher R Christina J Edward W | 2003 | J Neurosurg2003，99，： | 1 |
| 14 | A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Support Procedure for Enhancing Information Delivery in Extended Enterprise Networks 显示文摘 | H C W Lau Christina W Y | 2003 | Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence2003，16，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Caspase 3 activation is essential for efficient influenza virus propagation显示文摘 | Walter J w Oliver P Christina E | 2003 | The EMBO Journal2003，22，11： | 1 |
| 16 | The latent causal chain of industrial water pollution in China显示文摘 | Miao Xin Tang Yanhong Wong Christina W Y | 2015 | Environmental Pollution2015，196，： | 1 |
| 17 | Current management of tibial shaft fractures: A survey of 450 Canadian orthopedic trauma surgeons显示文摘 | Jason W Busse Emily Morton Christina Lacchetti Gordon H Guyatt Mohit Bhandari | 2008 | Acta Orthopaedica2008，，5： | 1 |
| 18 | The role of IT - enabled collaborative decision making in inter - organizational information integration to im- prove customer service performance 显示文摘 | Christina W | 2015 | Production Economics2015，，159： | 1 |
| 19 | Isolation and characterization of fungal inhibitors from Epiehloe festucae显示文摘 | Qin Y Christina J M James F W J | 2000 | J Agr Food Chem2000，48，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Controls on the PGE distribution of Permian Emeishan alkaline and peralkaline volcanic rocks in Longzhoushan,Sichuan Province,SW China显示文摘 | Qi L Christina W Y Zhou M F | 2008 | Lithos2008，106，： | 1 |
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