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| 1 | 欧洲卒中组织颅内动脉瘤和蛛网膜下腔出血处理指南显示文摘背景伴或不伴蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoidhaemorrhage,SAH)的颅内动脉瘤是一个重要的健康问题,其总体发病率约为9/10万,在不同国家存在很大差异,在某些国家可高达20/10万。采用保守治疗时,发病最初数月内病死率为50%~60%。在动脉瘤未经处理的患者中,约1剧寄在初次出血恢复后6个月内死于再次出血。此外,血管痉挛、脑积水、迟发性缺血性神经功能缺损以及其他并发症均会影响预后。本指南旨在为伴和不伴颅内动脉瘤的SAH以及未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的处理提供全面的推荐意见。方法我们使用Medline和Embase进行广泛的文献检索(时间范围为1960年至2011年)。写作组成员通过面谈和电话会议的形式讨论各条推荐意见。按照欧洲神经科学学会联盟标准对检索结果进行分级。欧洲卒中组织指南委员会成员对本指南进行了审阅。结果本指南为SAH的流行病学、危险因素和预后提供了循证信息,并为破裂和未破裂颅内动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法提供了循证推荐意见。我们明确了动脉瘤生长和破裂的多种危险因素,并且提供了诊断性检查、监测和一般处理(血压、血糖、体温、血栓预防、抗癫痫治疗和类固醇的使用)的推荐意见。特异性治疗干预需考虑处理时机、夹闭和弹簧圈栓塞。本指南还涉及并发症的处理,如脑积水、血管痉挛和迟发性缺血性神经功能缺损等,并对非动脉瘤性SAH和未破裂动脉瘤的处理提供了推荐意见。结论破裂颅内动脉瘤是一种严重的疾病,具有很高的继发并发症风险,需要在治疗此类患者方面有着丰富经验的医疗中心内及时治疗。本指南为破裂或未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的处理提供了实用的循证建议。应用这些措施能改善SAH的预后。 | Thorsten Steiner Andreas Unterberg Carla Jung Michael Forsting Seppo Juvela Gabriel Rinkel 吴政政(译) 李政(译) 陈蓓蕾(译) 陈聪(译) 杨卉(译) 徐运(译) | 2013 | 国际脑血管病杂志2013，21，6： | 182 |
| 2 | Repression of Cell Proliferation by miR319-Regulated TCP4显示文摘叶开发广泛地在基因水平上被学习了。然而,很少对在 thedevelopmental 管理者和最终影响叶形式和尺寸的细胞周期 machinerya 连接之间的相互影响被知道。miR319 是调整涉及多重发展小径的 TCP 抄写因素的 conservedmicroRNA,包括叶 developmentand 老朽,机关弯曲,和荷尔蒙生合成并且发信号。这里,我们在房间增长的 thecontrol 分析 TCP4 的参予。TCP4 活动的小增加在叶细胞数字上有立即的影响,由 significantlyreducing 细胞增长。有高 TCP4 层次的植物在知道是房间周期的 activein G2-M 阶段的基因的表示有强壮的减小。这些效果的部分被 miR396 的正式就职调停,它镇压 Growth-RegulatingFactor (GRF ) 抄写因素。详细分析揭示了 TCP4 是 MIR396b 的一个直接管理者。然而,我们发现 TCP4 能通过另外的小径控制房间增长,并且我们识别了直接 connectionbetween TCP4 和 ICK1/KRP1,涉及房间周期的前进的基因。我们的结果证明 TCP4 能激活不同小径那 represscell 增长。 | Carla Schommer Juan M. Debernardi Edgardo G. Bresso Ramiro E. Rodriguez Javier F. Palatnik | 2014 | Molecular Plant2014，7，10： | 25 |
| 3 | Advanced gastric cancer:what we know and what we stillhave to learn显示文摘Gastric cancer is a common neoplastic disease and, more precisely, is the third leading cause of cancer death in the world, with differences amongst geographic areas. The definition of advanced gastric cancer is still debated. Different stadiating systems lead to slightly different stadiation of the disease, thus leading to variations between the single countries in the treatment and outcomes. In the present review all the possibilities of treatment for advanced gastric cancer have been analyzed. Surgery, the cornerstone of treatment for advanced gastric cancer, is analyzed first, followed by an investigation of the different forms and drugs of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New frontiers in treatment suggest the growing consideration for intraperitoneal administration of chemotherapeutics and combination of traditional drugs with new ones. Moreover, the necessity to prevent the relapse of the disease leads to the consideration of administering intraperitoneal chemotherapy earlier in the therapeutical algorithm. | Federico Coccolini Giulia Montori Marco Ceresoli Simona Cima Maria Carla Valli Gabriela E Nita Arianna Heyer Fausto Catena Luca Ansaloni | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，3： | 25 |
| 4 | Molecular mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis,cancer,and liver failure.Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality,of which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents 90%of all primary liver cancers.Solid tumors like HCC are complex and have heterogeneous tumor genomic profiles contributing to complexity in diagnosis and management.Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis delta virus(HDV),and hepatitis C virus(HCV)are the greatest etiological risk factors for HCC.Due to the significant role of chronic viral infection in HCC development,it is important to investigate direct(viral associated)and indirect(immune-associated)mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HCC.Common mechanisms used by HBV,HCV,and HDV that drive hepatocarcinogenesis include persistent liver inflammation with an impaired antiviral immune response,immune and viral protein-mediated oxidative stress,and deregulation of cellular signaling pathways by viral proteins.DNA integration to promote genome instability is a feature of HBV infection,and metabolic reprogramming leading to steatosis is driven by HCV infection.The current review aims to provide a brief overview of HBV,HCV and HDV molecular biology,and highlight specific viral-associated oncogenic mechanisms and common molecular pathways deregulated in HCC,and current as well as emerging treatments for HCC. | Simmone D'souza Keith CK Lau Carla S Coffin Trushar R Patel | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，38： | 25 |
| 5 | Effect of Lepidium meyenii (maca) roots on spermatogenesis of male rats显示文摘Aim: To determine the effect of oral administration of an aqueous extract from the roots of Lepidium meyenii (maca)on spermatogenesis in adult male rats. Methods: Male rats received an aqueous extract of the root (66.7 mg in one mL) twice a day for 14 consecutive days. Results: Treatment with Lepidium meyenii resulted in an increase in the weights of testis and epididymis but not the seminal vesicle weight. The length and frequency of stages IX-XIV seminiferous tubules, where mitosis occurred, were increased and stages Ⅰ-Ⅵ were reduced in rats treated with Lepidium meyenii. Conclusion: The Lepidium meyenii root invigorates spermatogenesis in male rats by acting on its initial stages (IX-XIV). | Gustavo F.Gonzales Ana Ruiz Carla Gonzales León Villegas Amanda Cordova | 2001 | Asian Journal of Andrology2001，3，3： | 22 |
| 6 | Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improved semen parameters in adult men显示文摘Aim: The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on seminal analysis in nine adult normal men aged 24 - 44 years old. Methods: Nine men received tablets of Maca (1500 or 3000 mg/day) for 4 months. Seminal analysis was performed according to guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were measured before and after treatment. Results: Treatment with Maca resulted in increased seminal volume, sperm count per ejaculum, motile sperm count, and sperm motility. Serum hormone levels were not modified with Maca treatment. Increase of sperm count was not related to dose of Maca.Conclusion: Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH, FSH, PRL, T and E2 . | Gustavo F.Gonzales Amanda Cordova Carla Gonzales Arturo Chung Karla Vega Arturo Villena | 2001 | Asian Journal of Andrology2001，3，4： | 23 |
| 7 | S100B protein in the gut:The evidence for enteroglial-sustained intestinal inflammation显示文摘Glial cells in the gut represent the morphological and functional equivalent of astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, the role of enteric glial cells (EGCs) has extended from that of simple nutritive support for enteric neurons to that of being pivotal participants in the regulation of inflammatory events in the gut. Similar to the CNS astrocytes, the EGCs physiologically express the S100B protein that exerts either trophic or toxic effects depending on its concentration in the extracellular milieu. In the CNS, S100B overexpression is responsible for the initiation of a gliotic reaction by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which may have a deleterious effect on neighboring cells. S100B-mediated pro-inflammatory effects are not limited to the brain: S100B overexpression is associated with the onset and maintenance of inflammation in the human gut too. In this review we describe the major features of EGCs and S100B protein occurring in intestinal inflammation deriving from such. | Carla Cirillo Giovanni Sarnelli Giuseppe Esposito Fabio Turco Luca Steardo Rosario Cuomo | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，10： | 16 |
| 8 | Risk factors for osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) patients exhibit higher risk for bone loss than the general population. The chronic inflammation causes a reduction in bone mineral density(BMD), which leads to osteopenia and osteoporosis. This article reviewed each risk factor for osteoporosis in IBD patients. Inflammation is one of the factors that contribute to osteoporosis in IBD patients, and the main system that is involved in bone loss is likely RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin. Smoking is a risk factor for bone loss and fractures, and many mechanisms have been proposed to explain this loss. Body composition also interferes in bone metabolism and increasing muscle mass may positively affect BMD. IBD patients frequently use corticosteroids, which stimulates osteoclastogenesis. IBD patients are also associated with vitamin D deficiency, which contributes to bone loss. However, infliximab therapy is associated with improvements in bone metabolism, but it is not clear whether the effects are because of inflammation improvement or infliximab use. Ulcerative colitis patients with proctocolectomy and ileal pouches and Crohn's disease patients with ostomy are also at risk for bone loss, and these patients should be closely monitored. | Carla Andrade Lima Andre Castro Lyra Raquel Rocha Genoile Oliveira Santana | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2015，6，4： | 15 |
| 9 | Liver disease in pregnancy显示文摘Liver diseases in pregnancy may be categorized into liver disorders that occur only in the setting of pregnancy and liver diseases that occur coincidentally with pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum, preeclampsia/eclampsia, syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver tests and low platelets (HELLP), acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy are pregnancy-specific disorders that may cause elevations in liver tests and hepatic dysfunction. Chronic liver diseases, including cholestatic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson disease, and viral hepatitis may also be seen in pregnancy. Management of liver disease in pregnancy requires collaboration between obstetricians and gastroenterologists/hepatologists. Treatment of pregnancy-specific liver disorders usually involves delivery of the fetus and supportive care, whereas management of chronic liver disease in pregnancy is directed toward optimizing control of the liver disorder. Cirrhosis in the setting of pregnancy is less commonly observed but offers unique challenges for patients and practitioners. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of liver diseases seen in pregnancy. | Noel M Lee Carla W Brady | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，8： | 13 |
| 10 | Inflammation and colorectal cancer, when microbiota-host mutualism breaks显示文摘Structural changes in the gut microbial community have been shown to accompany the progressive development of colorectal cancer.In this review we discuss recent hypotheses on the mechanisms involved in the bacteria-mediated carcinogenesis,as well as the triggering factors favoring the shift of the gut microbiota from a mutualistic to a pro-carcinogenic configuration.The possible role of inflammation,bacterial toxins and toxic microbiota metabolites in colorectal cancer onset is specifically discussed.On the other hand,the strategic role of inflammation as the keystone factor in driving microbiota to become carcinogenic is suggested.As a common outcome of different environmental and endogenous triggers,such as diet,aging,pathogen infection or genetic predisposition,inflammation can compromise the microbiota-host mutualism,forcing the increase of pathobionts at the expense of health-promoting groups,and allowing the microbiota to acquire an overall pro-inflammatory configuration.Consolidating inflammation in the gut,and favoring the bloom of toxigenic bacterial drivers,these changes in the gut microbial ecosystem have been suggested as pivotal in promoting carcinogenesis.In this context,it will become of primary importance to implement dietary or probiotics-based interventions aimed at preserving the microbiota-host mutualism along aging,counteracting deviations that favor a pro-carcinogenic microbiota asset. | Marco Candela Silvia Turroni Elena Biagi Franck Carbonero Simone Rampelli Carla Fiorentini Patrizia Brigidi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，4： | 13 |
| 11 | Infiltrative xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking aggressive gallbladder carcinoma: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma显示文摘Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis(XGC) is an uncommon variant of chronic cholecystitis. The perioperative findings in aggressive cases may be indistinguishable from those of gallbladder or biliary tract carcinomas. Three patients presented mass lesions that infiltrated the hepatic hilum,provoked biliary dilatation and jaundice,and were indicative of malignancy. Surgical excision was performed following oncological principles and included extirpation of the gallbladder,extrahepatic bile duct,and hilar lymph nodes,as well as partial hepatectomy. Postoperative morbidity was minimal. Surgical pathology demonstrated XGC and absence of malignancy in all three cases. All three patients are alive and well after years of follow-up. XGC may have such an aggressive presentation that carcinoma may only be ruled out on surgical pathology. In such cases,the best option may be radical resection following oncological principles performed by expert surgeons,in order that postoperative complications may be minimized if not avoided altogether. | Lucas Souto Nacif Amelia Judith Hessheimer Sonia Rodríguez Gómez Carla Montironi Constantino Fondevila | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，48： | 13 |
| 12 | Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction显示文摘Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a se- vere digestive syndrome characterized by derangement of gut propulsive motility which resembles mechanical obstruction, in the absence of any obstructive process. Although uncommon in clinical practice, this syndrome represents one of the main causes of intestinal failure and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a variety of diseases. Most cases are sporadic, even though familial forms with either dominant or recessive autosomal inheritance have been described. Based on histological features in- testinal pseudo-obstruction can be classified into three main categories:neuropathies, mesenchymopathies, and myopathies, according on the predominant involvement of enteric neurones, interstitial cells of Cajal or smooth muscle cells, respectively. Treatment of intestinal pseu- do-obstruction involves nutritional, pharmacological and surgical therapies, but it is often unsatisfactory and the long-term outcome is generally poor in the majority of cases. | Alexandra Antonucci Lucia Fronzoni Laura Cogliandro Rosanna F Cogliandro Carla Caputo Roberto De Giorgio Francesca Pallotti Giovanni Barbara Roberto Corinaldesi Vincenzo Stanghellini | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，19： | 12 |
| 13 | Non invasive blood flow measurement in cerebellum detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy earlier than psychometric tests显示文摘AIM: To assess whether non invasive blood flow measurement by arterial spin labeling in several brain regions detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS: Blood flow(BF) was analyzed by arterial spin labeling(ASL) in different brain areas of 14 controls, 24 cirrhotic patients without and 16 cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE). Images were collected using a 3 Tesla MR scanner(Achieva 3T-TX, Philips, Netherlands). Pulsed ASL was performed. Patients showing MHE were detected using the battery Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score(PHES) consisting of five tests. Different cognitive and motor functions were also assessed: alterations in selective attention were evaluated using the Stroop test. Patients and controls also performed visuo-motor and bimanual coordination tests. Several biochemical parameters were measured: serum pro-inflammatory interleukins(IL-6 and IL-18), 3-nitrotyrosine, cGMP and nitrates+nitrites in plasma, and blood ammonia. Bivariate correlations were evaluated.RESULTS: In patients with MHE, BF was increased in cerebellar hemisphere(P = 0.03) and vermis(P = 0.012) and reduced in occipital lobe(P = 0.017). BF in cerebellar hemisphere was also increased in patients without MHE(P = 0.02). Bimanual coordination was impaired in patients without MHE(P = 0.05) and much more in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Visuo-motor coordination was impaired only in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Attention was slightly affected in patients without MHE and more strongly in patients with MHE(P< 0.0001). BF in cerebellar hemisphere and vermis correlated with performance in most tests of PHES [(number connection tests A(NCT-A), B(NCT-B)and line tracing test] and in the congruent task of Stroop test. BF in frontal lobe correlated with NCT-A. Performance in bimanual and visuomotor coordination tests correlated only with BF in cerebellar hemisphere. BF in occipital lobe correlates with performance in the PHES battery and with CFF. BF in cerebellar hemisphere correlates with plasma cGMP and nitric oxide(NO) metabolites. BF in vermis cerebellar also correlates with NO metabolites and with 3-nitrotyrosine. IL-18 in plasma correlates with BF in thalamus and occipital lobe.CONCLUSION: Non invasive BF determination in cerebellum using ASL may detect MHE earlier than the PHES. Altered NO-cGMP pathway seems to be associated to altered BF in cerebellum. | Vicente Felipo Amparo Urios Carla Giménez-Garzó Omar Cauli Maria-Jesús Andrés-Costa Olga González Miguel A Serra Javier Sánchez-González Roberto Aliaga Remedios Giner-Durán Vicente Belloch Carmina Montoliu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 12 |
| 14 | Educated consumers don't believe artificial meat is the solution to the problems with the meat industry显示文摘The production of in vitro meat by cell culture has been suggested by some scientists as one solution to address the major challenges facing our society. Firstly, consumers would like the meat industry to reduce potential discomfort of animals on modern farms, or even to avoid killing animals to eat them. Secondly, citizens would like meat producers to reduce potential environmental deterioration by livestock and finally, there is a need to reduce world hunger by increasing protein resources while the global population is predicted to grow rapidly. According to its promoters, artificial meat has a potential to make eating animals unnecessary, to reduce carbon footprint of meat production and to satisfy all the nutritional needs and desires of consumers and citizens. To check these assumptions, a total of 817 educated people(mainly scientists and students) were interviewed worldwide by internet in addition to 865 French educated people. We also interviewed 208 persons(mainly scientists) after an oral presentation regarding artificial meat. Results of the three surveys were similar, but differed between males and females. More than half of the respondents believed that 'artificial meat' was feasible and realistic. However, there was no majority to think that artificial meat will be healthy and tasty, except respondents who were in favour of artificial meat. A large majority of the respondents believed that the meat industry is facing important problems related to the protection of the environment, animal welfare or inefficient meat production to feed humanity. However, respondents did not believe that artificial meat will be the solution to solve the mentioned problems with the meat industry, especially respondents who were against artificial meat. The vast majority of consumers wished to continue to eat meat even they would accept to consume less meat in a context of increasing food needs. Only a minority of respondents(from 5 to 11%) would recommend or accept to eat in vitro meat instead of meat produced from farm animals. Despite these limitations, 38 to 47% of the respondents would continue to support research on artificial meat, but a majority of them believed that artificial meat will not be accepted by consumers in the future, except for respondents who were in favour of artificial meat. We speculated that the apparent contradictory answers to this survey expressed the fact that people trust scientists whoare supposed to continuously discover new technologies potentially useful in a long term future for the human beings, but people also expressed concern for their health and were not convinced that artificial meat will be tasty, safe and healthy enough to be accepted by consumers. | Aurélie Hocquette Carla Lambert Clémentine Sinquin Laure Peterolff Zoé Wagner Sarah P F Bonny André Lebert Jean-Franois Hocquette | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，2： | 11 |
| 15 | CYP72A67 Catalyzes a Key Oxidative Step in Medicago truncatula Hemolytic Saponin Biosynthesis显示文摘在 Medicago 类, triterpenic saponins 是 bioactive 第二等的代谢物组成地经由 isoprenoid 小径在天线和植物的地下的部分综合了。是的 saponins 的利用制药学,农业化肥并且在工业提起了的食物和化妆品,对识别酶的兴趣在他们的合成包含了。我们识别了一条反向的基因 TILLING 途径在 Medicago truncatula ethylmethanesulfonate (他们) 涉及 hemolytic sapogenin 生合成的细胞色素 P450 (CYP72A67 ) mutagenized 收集。在一个微体酵母系统的基因的基因、生物化学的分析,变异的互补,和表达式证明 CYP72A67 oleanolic 酸合成下游地为在 C-2 位置的 hydroxylation 负责。为有在多重碳位置的不同替换的底层的 CYP72A67 的亲密关系在一样的 invitro 酵母系统,并且在与二另外的 CYP450s (CYP72A68 ) 的关系被调查为 medicagenic 酸的生产负责,在 M.truncatula 叶子和根的主要 sapogenin。完整的亲族异种和野类型的植物与 Sinorhizobium meliloti 为他们的 sapogenin 侧面,涉及 sapogenin 合成的基因的表示模式,和对接种的反应被作比较。获得的结果允许我们在 M.truncatula 修订 hemolytic sapogenin 小径并且贡献加亮 sapogenin 合成的织物特性(叶子 / 根) 。 | Elisa Biazzi Maria Carelli Aldo Tava Pamela Abbruscato Ilaria Losini Pinarosa Avato Carla Scotti Ornella Calderini | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，10： | 11 |
| 16 | Influence of flooding and vegetation on carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus dynamics in the pore water of a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh显示文摘Four sites were selected in a salt marsh in the Bah' a Blanca Estuary (Argentina):(1) low marsh (flooded by the tide twice daily) vegetated by S.alterniflora;(2) non-vegetated low marsh;(3) high marsh (flooded only in spring tides) vegetated by S.alterniflora;(4) non-vegetated high marsh.The pH and Eh were measured in sediments,while dissolved nutrients (ammonium,nitrate,nitrite and phosphate) and particulate organic matter (POM) were determined in pore water.pH (6.2-8.7) was only affected by vegetation in low areas.Eh (from-300 to 250 mV) was lower at low sites than at high ones;in the latter,the values were higher in the non-vegetated sediments.The POM concentration was greater in the high marsh than in the low marsh,with no effect of vegetation.Ammonium was the most abundant nitrogen nutrient species in pore water,except in the non-vegetated high marsh where nitrate concentration was higher.All nitrogen nutrients were affected by both flooding and vegetation.Phosphate was always present in pore water at all sites throughout the year and its concentration varied within narrow limits,with no effect of flooding and greater values always at non-vegetated sites.Our results showed that the variability of the pore water composition within the marsh is greater than the temporal variation,meaning that both tidal flooding and vegetation are important in the dynamics of nutrients and organic matter in the sediment pore water. | Vanesa L.Negrin Carla V.Spetter Raúl O.Asteasuain Gerardo M.E.Perillo Jorge E.Marcovecchio | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，2： | 11 |
| 17 | New perspectives for articular cartilage repair treatment through tissue engineering: A contemporary review显示文摘In this paper review we describe benefits and disadvantages of the established methods of cartilage regeneration that seem to have a better long-term effectiveness.We illustrated the anatomical aspect of the knee joint cartilage, the current state of cartilage tissue engineering, through mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials,and in conclusion we provide a short overview on the rehabilitation after articular cartilage repair procedures.Adult articular cartilage has low capacity to repair itself,and thus even minor injuries may lead to progressive damage and osteoarthritic joint degeneration, result-ing in significant pain and disability. Numerous efforts have been made to develop tissue-engineered grafts or patches to repair focal chondral and osteochondral defects, and to date several researchers aim to implement clinical application of cell-based therapies for cartilage repair. A literature review was conducted on PubM ed, Scopus and Google Scholar using appropriate keywords, examining the current literature on the wellknown tissue engineering methods for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. | Giuseppe Musumeci Paola Castrogiovanni Rosalia Leonardi Francesca Maria Trovato Marta Anna Szychlinska Angelo Di Giunta Carla Loreto Sergio Castorina | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，2： | 10 |
| 18 | Th17 involvement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis显示文摘The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD encompasses a wide histological spectrum ranging from benign simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). Sustained inflammation in the liver is critical in this process. Hepatic macrophages, including liver resident macropaghes(Kupffer cells), monocytes infiltrating the injured liver, as well as specific lymphocytes subsets play a pivotal role in the initiation and perpetuation of the inflammatory response, with a major deleterious impact on the progression of fatty liver to fibrosis. During the last years, Th17 cells have been involved in the development of inflammation not only in liver but also in other organs, such as adipose tissue or lung. Differentiation of a na?ve T cell into a Th17 cell leads to pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production with subsequent myeloid cell recruitment to the inflamed tissue. Th17 response can be mitigated by T regulatory cells that secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines. Both T cell subsets need TGF-β for their differentiation and a characteristic plasticity in their phenotype may render them new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the role of the Th17 pathway in NAFLD progression to NASH and to liver fibrosis analyzing different animal models of liver injury and human studies. | Carla Melisa Chackelevicius Sabrina Eliana Gambaro Claudio Tiribelli Natalia Rosso | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，41： | 10 |
| 19 | Aspirin, cyclooxygenase inhibition and colorectal cancer显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common type of cancer worldwide.Screening measures are far from adequate and not widely available in resourcepoor settings.Primary prevention strategies therefore remain necessary to reduce the risk of developing CRC.Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies,randomized clinical trials and basic science supports the effectiveness of aspirin,as well as other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,for chemoprevention of several types of cancer,including CRC.This includes the prevention of adenoma recurrence and reduction of CRC incidence and mortality.The detectable benefit of daily low-dose aspirin(at least 75 mg),as used to prevent cardiovascular disease events,strongly suggests that its antiplatelet action is central to explaining its antitumor efficacy.Daily low-dose aspirin achieves complete and persistent inhibition of cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 in platelets(in pre-systemic circulation)while causing alimited and rapidly reversible inhibitory effect on COX-2and/or COX-1 expressed in nucleated cells.Aspirin has a short half-life in human circulation(about 20 minutes);nucleated cells have the ability to resynthesize acetylated COX isozymes within a few hours,while platelets do not.COX-independent mechanisms of aspirin have been suggested to explain its chemopreventive effects but this concept remains to be demonstrated in vivo at clinical doses. | Carlos Sostres Carla Jerusalen Gargallo Angel Lanas | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2014，5，1： | 8 |
| 20 | Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: A consecutive series from 1237 appendectomies显示文摘AIM: To report the experience of the CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Belgium, in the management of appendiceal carinoid tumor. METHODS: A retrospective review of 1237 appendecto- mies performed in one single centre from January 2000 to May 2004, was undertaken. Analysis of demographic data, clinical presentation, histopathology, operative re- ports and outcome was presented. RESULTS: Among the 1237 appendectomies, 5 appen- diceal carcinoid tumors were identified (0.4%) in 4 male and 1 female patients, with a mean age of 29.2 years (range: 6-82 years). Acute appendicitis was the clinical presentation for all patients. Four patients underwent open appendectomy and one a laparoscopic procedure. One patient was reoperated to complete the excision of mesoappendix. All tumors were located at the tip of the appendix with a mean diameter of 0.6 cm (range: 0.3-1.0 cm). No adjuvant therapy was performed. All patients were alive and disease-free during a mean follow-up of 33 mo. CONCLUSION: Appendiceal carcinoid tumor most of- ten presents as appendicitis. In most cases, it is found incidentally during appendectomies and its diagnosis is rarely suspected before histological examination. Appen- diceal carcinoid tumor can be managed by simple appen- dectomy and resection of the mesoappendix, if its size is ≤ 1 cm. | Vincent Tchana-Sato Olivier Detry Marc Polus Albert Thiry Bernard Detroz Sylvie Maweja Etienne Hamoir Thierry Defechereux Carla Coimbra Arnaud De Roover Michel Meurisse Pierre Honoré | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，41： | 8 |
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