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| 1 | Role of LPS/CD14/TLR4-mediated inflammation in necrotizing enterocolitis:Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications显示文摘AIM:To establish the roles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/CD14/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in a rat model of human necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).METHODS: Six pairs of intestinal samples from human NEC were collected before and after recovery for histological and molecular analysis of inflammatory cytokines and signaling components. In the rat NEC model, we isolated 10-cm jejunum segments and divided them into six groups (n=6) for sham operation, treatment with LPS, bowel distension, combined bowel distension and LPS stimulation, and two therapeutic groups. The potential eff icacy of a recombinant CD18 peptide and a monoclonal CD14 antibody was evaluated in the latter two groups. The serum and tissue levels of several inflammatory mediators were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and immunoblotting.RESULTS: Human acute phase NEC tissues displayed significant increases (P<0.05) in levels of TLR4, CD14, myeloid differentiation protein (MD)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor-κB when compared to those after recovery. The histological and inflammatory picture of human NEC was reproduced in rats that were treated with combined bowel distension and LPS, but not in the sham-operated and other control rats. Serum levels of interleukin-6 and TNF-α were also elevated. The NEC pathology was attenuated by treating the NEC rats with a monoclonal CD14 antibody or an LPS-neutralizing peptide.CONCLUSION:LPS and distension are required to produce the histological and inflammatory features of NEC. A potential treatment option is blocking LPS activation and leukocyte infi ltration. | Kwong L Chan Kwong F Wong John M Luk | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，38： | 17 |
| 2 | Comparative effectiveness of i-SCAN^(TM) and high-definition white light characterizing small colonic polyps显示文摘AIM:To evaluate accuracy of in vivo diagnosis of adenomatous vs non-adenomatous polyps using i-SCAN digital chromoendoscopy compared with high-definition white light.METHODS:This is a single-center comparative effectiveness pilot study.Polyps(n = 103) from 75 averagerisk adult outpatients undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy between December 1,2010 and April 1,2011 were evaluated by two participating endoscopists in an academic outpatient endoscopy center.Polyps were evaluated both with high-definition white light and with i-SCAN to make an in vivo prediction of adenomatous vs non-adenomatous pathology.We determined diagnostic characteristics of i-SCAN and highdefinition white light,including sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy,with regards to identifying adenomatous vs non-adenomatous polyps.Histopathologic diagnosis was the gold standard comparison.RESULTS:One hundred and three small polyps,detected from forty-three patients,were included in the analysis.The average size of the polyps evaluated in the analysis was 3.7 mm(SD 1.3 mm,range 2 mm to 8 mm).Formal histopathology revealed that 54/103(52.4%) were adenomas,26/103(25.2%) were hyperplastic,and 23/103(22.3%) were other diagnoses include 'lymphoid aggregates','non-specific colitis,' and 'no pathologic diagnosis.' Overall,the combined accuracy of endoscopists for predicting adenomas was identical between i-SCAN(71.8%,95%CI:62.1%-80.3%) and high-definition white light(71.8%,95%CI:62.1%-80.3%).However,the accuracy of each endoscopist differed substantially,where endoscopist A demonstrated 63.0% overall accuracy(95%CI:50.9%-74.0%) as compared with endoscopist B demonstrating 93.3% overall accuracy(95%CI:77.9%-99.2%),irrespective of imaging modality.Neither endoscopist demonstrated a significant learning effect with i-SCAN during the study.Though endoscopist A increased accuracy using i-SCAN from 59%(95%CI:42.1%-74.4%) in the first half to 67.6%(95%CI:49.5%-82.6%) in the second half,and endoscopist B decreased accuracy using i-SCAN from 100%(95%CI:80.5%-100.0%) in the first half to 84.6%(95%CI:54.6%-98.1%) in the second half,neither of these differences were statistically significant.CONCLUSION:i-SCAN and high-definition white light had similar efficacy predicting polyp histology.Endoscopist training likely plays a critical role in diagnostic test characteristics and deserves further study. | Johanna L Chan Li Lin Michael Feiler Andrew I Wolf Diana M Cardona Ziad F Gellad | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，41： | 3 |
| 3 | An adaptive training algorithm for back-propagation networks 显示文摘 | CHAN L W FALLSIDE F | 1987 | Computer Speech and Language1987，，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Comparison of eye-tracking success in laser in situ keratomileusis after flap creation with 2 femtosecond laser models 显示文摘 | Luengo Gimeno F Chan CM Li L | 2011 | J Cataract Refract Surg2011，37，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Radiation dose reduction in pediatric cranial CT显示文摘 | Chan C Y Wang Y C Chau L F et ol | 1999 | Pediatr Radiol1999，29，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Active contours without edges显示文摘 | Chan T F Vese L A | 2001 | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing2001，10，2： | 1 |
| 7 | On the runup of long waves on a plane beach显示文摘 | CHAN I C LIU P L F | 2012 | Journal of Geophysical Research2012，117，8： | 1 |
| 8 | A multiphase level set framework for image segmentation using the Mumford and Shah model显示文摘 | VESE L A CHAN T F | 2002 | International Journal of Computer Vision2002，50，3： | 1 |
| 9 | A multiphase level set frame work for image segmentation using the Mumford and Shah model 显示文摘 | Vese L Chan T F | 2002 | Interna- tional Journal of Computer Vision2002，50，3： | 1 |
| 10 | A New Measure of Process Capability:Cpm显示文摘 | Cheng SW Spiring F A | 1998 | Journal of Quality Technology1998，30，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Active contours without edges, IEEE Trans显示文摘 | Chan T F Vese L A | 2001 | Image Processing2001，10，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Predicting performance of Design-Build and Design-Bid-Build projects 显示文摘 | F Y Ling S L Chan E Chong | 2004 | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management2004，130，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Undergraduate Medical Education:Comparison of Problem-based Learning and Conventional Teaching显示文摘 | Nandi P L Chan J N F Chan C P K | 2000 | HKMJ2000，6，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Active Contans Without Edge 显示文摘 | Chan T F Vese L | 2001 | IEEE Trans on Image Processing2001，10，2： | 1 |
| 15 | A multiphase level set framework for image segmentation using the Mumford and Shah Model显示文摘 | Vese L A Chan T F | 2002 | International Journal of Computer Vision2002，50，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Active contours without edges显示文摘 | CHAN T F VESE L A | 2001 | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing2001，10，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Active contours without edges 显示文摘 | Chan T F Vese L A | 2001 | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing2001，10，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Active contours without edges显示文摘 | Chan T F Vese L A | 2001 | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing2001，10，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Molecular prognostication of nasopharygeal carcinoma by quantitative analysis Of circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA 显示文摘 | LO Y M LEUNG S F CHAN L Y | 2000 | CancerRes2000，60，： | 1 |
| 20 | An axial-flux permanent magnet gynehronoug generator for a direct-coupled wind turbine system 显示文摘 | Chan T F Lai L L | 2007 | IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion2007，22，1： | 1 |
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