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| 1 | Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options are limited to management of the symptoms. The concept of a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as a suitable model for the disorder. The gut microbiome may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of symptoms in the disorder and has been extensively studied in this context. Although a causal role cannot yet be inferred from the clinical studies which have attempted to characterise the gut microbiota in IBS, they do confirm alterations in both community stability and diversity. Moreover, it has been reliably demonstrated that manipulation of the microbiota can influence the key symptoms, including abdominal pain and bowel habit, and other prominent features of IBS. A variety of strategies have been taken to study these interactions, including probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations and the use of germ-free animals. There are clear mechanisms through which the microbiota can produce these effects, both humoral and neural. Taken together, these findings firmly establish the microbiota as a critical node in the gut-brain axis and one which is amenable to therapeutic interventions. | Paul J Kennedy John F Cryan Timothy G Dinan Gerard Clarke | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 20 |
| 2 | National trends in resection of the distal pancreas显示文摘AIM:To investigate national trends in distal pancreatectomy(DP) through query of three national patient care databases.METHODS:From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS,2003-2009),the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project(NSQIP,2005-2010),and the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results(SEER,2003-2009) databases using appropriate diagnostic and procedural codes we identified all patients with a diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion of the body and/or tail of the pancreas that had undergone a partial or distal pancreatectomy.Utilization of laparoscopy was defined in NIS by the International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Revision correspondent procedure code;and in NSQIP by the exploratory laparoscopy or unlisted procedure current procedural terminology codes.In SEER,patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology,Third Edition diagnosis codes and the SEER Program Code Manual,third edition procedure codes.We analyzed the databases with respect to trends of inpatient outcome metrics,oncologic outcomes,and hospital volumes in patients with lesions of the neck and body of the pancreas that underwent operative resection.RESULTS:NIS,NSQIP and SEER identified 4242,2681 and 11 082 DP resections,respectively.Overall,laparoscopy was utilized in 15%(NIS) and 27%(NSQIP).No significant increase was seen over the course of the study.Resection was performed for malignancy in 59%(NIS) and 66%(NSQIP).Neither patient Body mass index nor comorbidities were associated with operative approach(P = 0.95 and P = 0.96,respectively).Mortality(3% vs 2%,P = 0.05) and reoperation(4% vs 4%,P = 1.0) was not different between laparoscopy and open groups.Overall complications(10% vs 15%,P < 0.001),hospital costs [44 741 dollars,interquartile range(IQR) 28 347-74 114 dollars vs 49 792 dollars,IQR 13 299-73 463,P = 0.02] and hospital length of stay(7 d,IQR 4-11 d vs 7 d,IQR 6-10,P < 0.001) were less when laparoscopy was utilized.One and two year survival after resection for malignancy were unchanged over the course of the study(ductal adenocarinoma 1-year 63.6% and 2-year 35.1%,P = 0.53;intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and nueroendocrine 1-year 90% and 2-year 84%,P = 0.25).The majority of resections were performed in teaching hospitals(77% NIS and 85% NSQIP),but minimally invasive surgery(MIS) was not more likely to be used in teaching hospitals(15% vs 14%,P = 0.26).Hospitals in the top decile for volume were more likely to be teaching hospitals than lower volume deciles(88% vs 43%,P < 0.001),but were no more likely to utilize MIS at resection.Complication rate in teaching and the top decile hospitals was not significantly decreased when compared to non-teaching(15% vs 14%,P = 0.72) and lower volume hospitals(14% vs 15%,P = 0.99).No difference was seen in the median number of lymph nodes and lymph node ratio in N1 disease when compared by year(P = 0.17 and P = 0.96,respectively).CONCLUSION:There appears to be an overall underutilization of laparoscopy for DP.Centralization does not appear to be occurring.Survival and lymph node harvest have not changed. | Armando Rosales-Velderrain Steven P Bowers Ross F Goldberg Tatyan M Clarke Mauricia A Buchanan John A Stauffer Horacio J Asbun | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 8 |
| 3 | Accumulating Sequence of Ignitions From a Propagating Pulse显示文摘 | Dold J W Short M Clarke J F | 1995 | Combustion and Flame1995，100，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Bone morphgenetic protein 4 inhibits TGF-Beta2 stimulation of extracellular matrix proteins in optic nerve head cells:Role of gremlin in ECM modulation显示文摘 | Zode G S Clark A F Wordinger R J | 2009 | Glia2009，57，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Origin and subset distribution of peripheral blood dendritic cells in patients with chronic graft versus-host disease 显示文摘 | CLARK F J FREEMAN L DZIONEK A | 2003 | Transplantation2003，75，： | 1 |
| 6 | A silica supportedcobalt Salen complex as sufficient and reusable catalystfor the selective aerobic oxidation of ethyl benzenederivatives 显示文摘 | Rajabi F Luque R Clark J H | 2011 | Catalysis Communications2011，12，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Pathogenic mycoplasmas:Cultivation and vertebrate pathogenicity of a new spiroplasma显示文摘 | TULLY J G WHITCOMB R F CLARK H F | 1977 | Science1977，195，： | 1 |
| 8 | Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure of spatial relationships in populations显示文摘 | Clark P J Evans F C | 1954 | Ecology1954，35，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Muhidrug resistance in breast cancer : a meta- analysis of MDR 1/pg 170 expression and its possible functional significance 显示文摘 | Trock B J Leonessa F Clarke R | 1997 | J Natl Cancer Inst1997，89，13： | 1 |
| 10 | Transient expression and insertional mutagenesis of Puccinia triticina using biolistics显示文摘 | CRAIG A W LES J S GUUS B CLARKE G RICHARD C S MERLE E JOHN P F | 2005 | Functional & Integrative Genomics2005，12，： | 1 |
| 11 | Topographic ooze: Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow显示文摘 | SCHLUNEGGER F MELZER J CLARK M K | 2000 | Geology2000，28，： | 1 |
| 12 | Distance to nearest neighbor as measure of spatial relationships in populations 显示文摘 | Clark P J Evans F C | 1954 | Ecology1954，35，： | 1 |
| 13 | Self-Similar Evolution of Parabolic Pulses in a Laser显示文摘 | ILDAY F (A) O BUCKLEY J R CLARK W G WISE F W | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure ofspatial relationships in populations显示文摘 | Clark P J Evans F C | 1954 | Ecology1954，35，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Randomized phase Ⅲ trial of high-dose interleukin-2 versus subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma显示文摘 | McDermott D F Regan M Clark J I | 2005 | J Clini Oncol2005，23，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in healthy infants of G1 and G2 human reassortant rotavirus vaccine in a new stabilizer/buffer liquid formulation显示文摘 | Clark H F Burke C J Volkin D B | 2003 | Pediatr Infect Dis J2003，22，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Multidrug resistance in breast cancer: a meta-analysis of MDR1/gpl70 expression and its possible functional significance显示文摘 | Trock B J Leonessa F Clarke R | 1997 | J Natl Cancer Inst1997，89，13： | 1 |
| 18 | Invasive phy- tophagous pests arising through a recent evolutionary radiation: theBaetrocera dorsalis complex of tropical fruit flies显示文摘 | CLARKE A R ARMSTRONG K F CARMICHAEL A E MILNE J R RAGHU S RODERICK G K YEATES D K | 2005 | Annual Review of Entomology2005，50，： | 1 |
| 19 | Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells显示文摘 | Reya T Morrison S J Clarke M F | 2001 | Nature2001，414，6859： | 1 |
| 20 | Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer 显示文摘 | Pardal T Clarke M F Morrison S J | 2003 | Nature Rev Cancer2003，3，12： | 1 |
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