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| 1 | 树木细根生产与周转研究方法评述显示文摘树木细根在森林生态系统能量流动和物质循环中起重要的作用。树木细根研究及研究方法探讨也成为当今森林生态学的研究热点。在中国 ,对树木细根生产和周转的研究尚未引起充分重视。在此介绍了目前国外普遍采用的树木细根研究方法及其优缺点、适用性以及不同方法的研究比较 ,以期对我国开展树木细根方面的研究有所裨益。 | 张小全 吴可红 Dieter Murach | 2000 | 生态学报2000，20，5： | 160 |
| 2 | Viral and cellular determinants involved in hepadnaviral entry显示文摘Hepadnaviridae is a family of hepatotropic DNA viruses that is divided into the genera orthohepadnavirus of mammals and avihepadnavirus of birds.All members of this family can cause acute and chronic hepatic infec-tion,which in the case of human hepatitis B virus(HBV) constitutes a major global health problem.Although our knowledge about the molecular biology of these highly liver-specific viruses has profoundly increased in the last two decades,the mechanisms of attachment and productive entrance into the differentiated host hepa-tocytes are still enigmatic.The difficulties in studying hepadnaviral entry were primarily caused by the lack of easily accessible in vitro infection systems.Thus,for more than twenty years,differentiated primary hepato-cytes from the respective species were the only in vitro models for both orthohepadnaviruses(e.g.HBV) and avihepadnaviruses(e.g.duck hepatitis B virus [DHBV]).Two important discoveries have been made recently re-garding HBV:(1) primary hepatocytes from tree-shrews;i.e.,Tupaia belangeri,can be substituted for primary hu-man hepatocytes,and(2) a human hepatoma cell line(HepaRG) was established that gains susceptibility for HBV infection upon induction of differentiation in vitro.A number of potential HBV receptor candidates have been described in the past,but none of them have been confirmed to function as a receptor.For DHBV and prob-ably all other avian hepadnaviruses,carboxypeptidase D(CPD) has been shown to be indispensable for infection,although the exact role of this molecule is still under debate.While still restricted to the use of primary duck hepatocytes(PDH),investigations performed with DHBV provided important general concepts on the first steps of hepadnaviral infection.However,with emerging dataobtained from the new HBV infection systems,the hope that DHBV utilizes the same mechanism as HBV only partially held true.Nevertheless,both HBV and DHBV in vitro infection systems will help to:(1) functionally dis-sect the hepadnaviral entry pathways,(2) perform re-verse genetics(e.g.test the fitness of escape mutants),(3) titrate and map neutralizing antibodies,(4) improve current vaccines to combat acute and chronic infections of hepatitis B,and(5) develop entry inhibitors for future clinical applications. | Dieter Glebe Stephan Urban | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，1： | 35 |
| 3 | Tree-ring based PDSI reconstruction since AD 1842 in the Ortindag Sand Land,east Inner Mongolia显示文摘epartment of Wood Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg D-21031, GermanyBased on three Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) and one Meyer spruce (Picea meyeri Rehd. et Wils.) ring-width chronologies, a 163-year drought history was reconstructed in the eastern Ortindag Sand Land. All tree-ring chronologies show large inter-annual variations and strong common signals and fairly consistent variation between different chronologies, indicating that they are excellent proxy of regional climate. A regional chronology (RC) was established by averaging the four standard chronologies and further employed for the analysis and climatic reconstruction. The analysis revealed that tree growth is primarily limited by low precipitation in February-March and June-July and high temperature in May-July. In addition, RC has high correlations with the monthly Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) prior to and during the growing season because the PDSI considers the accumulation of the droughts. Response function analysis revealed that RC only exhibits significant correlations with the PDSI in June and July (close to the 95% significance level in May). Because May―July is a critical period for tree growth, the average May-July PDSI (PDSI5-7) was reconstructed back to 1842 using RC in the Ortindag Sand Land. The reconstruction can explain 52% of the PDSI variance and the equation was rather stable over time. It agrees well with the variation of the average dryness/wetness indices in North China,and captures the decline process of the East Asian summer monsoon since the mid-1960s. It is worth noting that the Ortindag Sand Land has experienced the most severe drought in the recent 40 years based on the 163-year drought reconstruction. Like summer precipitation in North China the reconstructed PDSI5-7 also displays a 20-year oscillation. | LIANG ErYuan SHAO XueMei LIU HongYan ECKSTEIN Dieter | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，19： | 37 |
| 4 | 树轮所记录的公元1842年以来内蒙古东部浑善达克沙地PDSI的变化显示文摘利用浑善达克沙地东部新建立的4条油松和白扦年轮宽度序列,重建了过去163a来干旱变化的历史.结果表明,该区树轮序列具有明显的年际变化和较强的公共信号,且树轮序列之间的变化比较一致,是很好的区域气候代用资料.通过对4个树轮宽度标准年表的平均而建立了一个区域年表(RC),并用其进行分析与气候重建.树木的生长主要受2~3与6~7月份的低降雨量和5~7月份高温的限制.由于PDSI考虑了前期干旱的积累效应,因此RC与生长季及生长季之前的PDSI之间均存在显著的正相关关系;响应函数的分析揭示,RC仅与6,7月份(5月份也接近95%的置信水平)的PDSI之间存在显著的关系.5~7月份是浑善达克沙地树木生长的关键时期,因此我们采用RC重建了过去163a来5~7月份平均PDSI的变化,重建方程的方差解释量高达52%,且方程稳定.重建的5~7月份的平均PDSI序列与周边城市的平均旱涝指数的变化趋势比较一致,并捕捉到了20世纪60年代中期以来东亚夏季风的明显减弱过程.值得提出的是,近40a是过去163a来浑善达克沙地比较干旱的时期.与华北夏季降雨变化周期相同的是重建的5~7月份的平均PDSI序列也具有20a的显著变化周期. | 梁尔源 邵雪梅 刘鸿雁 Eckstein Dieter | 2007 | 科学通报2007，52，14： | 32 |
| 5 | Evaluation of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for determination of liver stiffness using transient elastography as a reference显示文摘AIM: To evaluate cut-off values and performance of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) using transient elastography [FibroScan■ (FS)] as a reference. METHODS: Six hundred and six patients were enrolled in this study.All patients underwent liver stiffness measurement with FS (FS-LS) and ARFI (with shear wave velocity quantification; ARFI-SWV) and the performance of ARFI in comparison to FS was determined. Sixtyeight patients underwent liver biopsy. RESULTS: Significantly higher success rates for the determination of liver stiffness were found using ARFI as compared to FS [604/606 (99.7%) vs 482/606 (79.5%); P < 0.001]. ARFI-SWV correlated significantly with FS-LS (r = 0.920, P < 0.001). ARFI-SWV increased significantly with the stage of fibrosis (1.09 ± 0.13 m/s for patients with no significant fibrosis (FS-LS < 7.6 kPa); 1.46 ± 0.27 m/s for patients with significant liver fibrosis (7.6 < FS-LS ≤ 13.0 kPa); and 2.55 ± 0.77 m/s for patients with liver cirrhosis (FS-LS > 13.0 kPa)). ARFI-SWV cut-off values were identified for no significant fibrosis (1.29 m/s; sensitivity 91.4% and specificity 92.6%) and for liver cirrhosis (1.60 m/s; sensitivity 92.3% and specificity 96.5%). The optimal cut-off value for predicting liver fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was 1.32 m/s (sensitivity 87.0% and specificity 80.0%) and for liver cirrhosis (F4) 1.62 m/s (sensitivity 100% and specificity 85.7%), for patients who underwent liver biopsy. An excellent inter-and intraobserver reproducibility was observed for ARFI-SWV determinations. CONCLUSION: An ARFI-SWV cut-off value of 1.29 m/s seems to be optimal for patients with no significant liver fibrosis and 1.60 m/s for patients with liver cirrhosis. | Gerald Kircheis Abdurrahman Sagir Christoph Vogt Stephan vom Dahl Ralf Kubitz Dieter Hussinger | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，10： | 30 |
| 6 | Cryoablation of malignant liver tumors: results of a single center study显示文摘BACKGROUND: Local ablative procedures such as cryo-surgery and thermo-ablation are increasingly employed as a supplement to liver resection for the therapy of primary and secondary liver tumors. It is still unclear if the survival time can be extended through local ablative procedures. This prospective study shows operative actions, complications and long-term follow-up of 19 patients undergoing cryotherapy. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1998, 19 patients underwent cryotherapy due to a non-resectable malignant liver tumor (17 patients with metastases of a colon carcinoma, 2 patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma). Twelve patients (63.2%) received cryotherapy only and seven patients (36.8%) received a combination of resection and cryotherapy. The median follow-up period was 23 months. RESULTS: In a total of 59 liver tumors (18 were resected and 41 received cryotherapy), 12 had cryotherapy only, and 7 had a combination of cryotherapy and resection. The 30-day lethality was 0%, and the rate of major complications was 21%. After one year, 27.3% of the patients were still recurrence- free. The recurrence rate for all tumors treated was 58.8%. The median survival time for all patients was 21 months. The one- and three-year survival rates were 62. 5% and 15.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality for cryotherapy is low, but there is a high rate of complications and long-term tumor control is not sufficient. If local ablative procedures of hepatic lesions are to be performed, not laparotomy but percutaneous, percutaneous thermoablation should be discussed as an alternative therapeutic measure. | Wolfgang Jungraithmayr Dieter Burger Manfred Olschewski Stefan Eggstein | 2005 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2005，4，4： | 26 |
| 7 | Recent advances in hepatitis B virus research:A German point of view显示文摘More than 30 years after the discovery of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) this virus remains to be one of the major global health problems. In infected adolescents or adults, 5%-10% will lead to a chronic carrier state, whereas in infected neonates up to 90% develop chronicity. It is estimated that about 370 million people are chronic carriers of HBV worldwide. In many regions of the world, chronic HBV infection is still the major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. During the last 30 years, many steps of the viral life cycle have been unravelled, mainly due to cloning, sequencing and expression of the genomic DNA extracted from HBV virions. This has lead to the development of a safe and efficient vaccine and sensitive tests for HBV surface protein (HBsAg) allowing reliable diagnosis and screening of blood products. More recently, a growing number of reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been developed. However, together with these improvements new deficiencies in prevention and cure of HBV infections are becoming apparent. Although HBV is a DNA virus, it is highly variable under immunity or drug induced selection pressure, resulting in vaccine-related escape mutants and drug resistance. To overcome these challenging problems new antivirals and optimised vaccines have to be developed. | Dieter Glebe | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，1： | 25 |
| 8 | 固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定水中的16种苯脲除草剂(英文)显示文摘建立了固相萃取 高效液相色谱 (SPE HPLC)同时测定水中 16种苯脲除草剂的方法。HPLC采用Lichrospher 10 0RP 18e柱 ,紫外检测波长为 2 40nm ,流动相为乙腈水溶液 ,流速为 1mL/min ,采用梯度洗脱方式。HPLC分析时间少于 2 0min。水中的除草剂用C18柱固相萃取富集 10 0 0倍。在优化的条件下 ,各成分的添加回收率为 87 8%~ 10 3 7%。此方法的检测限低于欧盟允许的水中除草剂含量上限的 1/ | 李方实 Dieter MARTENS Antonius KETTRUP | 2001 | 色谱2001，19，6： | 26 |
| 9 | 新疆部分地区牛新孢子虫病的血清学调查显示文摘应用间接免疫荧光抗体试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、斑点酶联免疫吸附试验 3种检测方法 ,对新疆地区部分牛和牦牛的血清样品进行新孢子虫病抗体检测。结果显示 ,2 98头份牛血清全部为阴性 ,4份牦牛血清 | 徐雪平 陈志蓉 薄新文 Dieter Palmer | 2002 | 中国兽医科技2002，32，5： | 25 |
| 10 | New multi protein patterns differentiate liver fibrosis stages and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C serum samples显示文摘瞄准:识别一多象用为肝纤维变性(F1-F2 ) 的察觉和区别的提高表面的激光 desorption/ionisation time-of-flight 团 spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS ) 的单个蛋白质标记一样的浆液蛋白质模式,在有长期的丙肝病毒(HCV ) 的病人的肝肝硬化(F4 ) andhepatocellular 癌(HCC ) 。方法:有 F1/F2 纤维变性的 39 个病人,的 Serumsamples 有 F4 纤维变性的 44 个病人,有我们重新申请到 CM10 数组并且分析了使用 SELDI-TOF ProteinChip 系统的 HCC 的 34 个病人(PBS-IIc;CiphergenBiosystems ) 在阴离子交换分别以后。所有病人 andhistologically 有长期的丙肝证实的纤维变性 stage/HCC。数据被 multivariatestatistical 技术和人工的神经网络为蛋白质模式分析。结果:4 肽 / 蛋白质 multimarkerpanel (7486, 12843, 44293 和 53598 Da ) 正确地在训练样品(AUROC0.943 ) 的 HCV 肝硬化对 HCV-HCC 的二方法比较与 100% 的敏感和 85% 的特性识别了 HCC。为 HCC 的鉴定的敏感和特性为随机的测试样品是 68% 和 80% 。肝脏硬化症的病人能被歧视有多使用 5peptide/protein 的 F1 或 F2 纤维变性的病人标记模式( 2873 , 6646 , 7775 , 10525 和 67867 Da )与100%和在训练样品( AUROC 0.976 )的85%的敏感和敏感和特性of80%的特性并且67%为随机的测试样品。有 APRI 分数 andalfa-fetopotein (法新社) 的简历标记分类器的联合改进了诊断表演。为肝纤维变性的 6646 Da 标记蛋白质作为 apolipoprotein C-I 被识别。结论:与蛋白质模式分析相结合的 SELDI-TOF-MS 技术与长期的丙肝在病人为肝肝硬化 andhepatocellular 癌的鉴定似乎是一条珍贵途径。最可能,不同浆液标记的联合将帮助以后识别肝肝硬化和早阶段的 hepatocellularcarcinomas。 | Thomas Gbel Sonja Vorderwülbecke Katarzyna Hauck Holger Fey Dieter Hussinger Andreas Erhardt | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，47： | 21 |
| 11 | 颈动脉内膜切除手术技巧及围手术期处理:多中心临床经验总结显示文摘目的 总结国内外多中心3 226例次颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)治疗颅外段颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄手术技巧及围手术期处理.方法 回顾分析2005年5月至2013年5月国内外多中心收治的3 012例颈动脉狭窄患者,共完成CEA 3 226例次,总结围术期处理经验,探讨手术方式及操作技巧.结果 3 226例次CEA手术均成功,2 910例(90.2%)行外翻式CEA (EEA),316例(9.8%)行补片式CEA (pCEA),平均阻断时间(15.5±2.0) min,平均手术时间(50.5 ±5.0) min.112例使用沿皮纹横切口.围术期死亡3例,脑梗死2例,同侧脑出血1例,切口血肿28例,1例术后出现严重神经精神症状,认知障碍,1例发生下颌小关节脱位,术后代偿;脑神经损伤6例,其中舌下神经损伤4例,面神经下颌支损伤2例.81例高危因素患者CEA手术成功,术后均无严重并发症及死亡发生.结论 CEA是治疗颈动脉狭窄预防卒中安全、有效的方法,完善的围手术期管理及“4S+1D”原则是CEA成功的关键.EEA操作简捷、手术及阻断时间短,无需补片及转流管,费用低廉,值得推广. | 曲乐丰 柏骏 Dieter Raithel 陈东 王继跃 毛更生 陈立朝 韩光良 柳尧林 梁勇 黄亚波 | 2014 | 中华神经外科杂志2014，30，11： | 20 |
| 12 | 南海张裂过程及其对晚中生代以来东南亚构造的启示--IODP建议书735-Full介绍显示文摘南海的形成揭示了大陆边缘张裂和盆地形成的复杂模式,尽管已经进行了广泛研究,但是关于基底岩石和深海盆沉积层的精确年代数据还很缺乏,这使得对南海张裂年代的估计存在很大的误差,对张裂机制和历史的各种假设没有得到验证。同时只有对南海的张裂过程有了精确地分析与刻画,才能更好地理解西太平洋边缘海盆地的形成以及它们在印支块体受印度—欧亚板块碰撞而向东南挤出、青藏高原隆升中可能起到的作用。2009年正式提交的国际综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)建议书735-Full建议在南海深海盆内的4个站位上实施钻探。这4个站位分布在南海盆地4个不同的次级构造单元上(南海东北部、西北次海盆、东部次海盆和西南次海盆),这样的站位设计会确保完成本建议书的整体研究目标,即揭示南海的张裂历史和它对晚中生代以来东南亚构造的启示。位于南海盆地最东北部的站位有助于确定该区域地壳的属性和验证古南海是否存在,位于西北次海盆的站位可能会提供南海的最早张裂年代,另外2个分别位于东部次海盆和西南次海盆的站位将重点确定2个次海盆的绝对年龄、基底矿物成分与磁化率以及2个次海盆的相对张裂次序。这些站位的水深大约在2910~4400m,钻探深度预计到海底以下大约700~2200m,总的钻透深度为5959m,其中5359m穿透沉积层,另外600m或400m钻入基底。所有这些站位的位置是由已有的地球物理观测数据所确定,目前计划收集更多的地质与地球物理数据以满足IODP对井位调查数据的要求。 | 李春峰 汪品先 Dieter Franke 李家彪 Randell Stephenson 许树坤 Peter Michael 周祖翼 翦知湣 李前裕 刘志飞 耿建华 木村学 阎贫 丘学林 王嘹亮 解习农 吴时国 吴能友 | 2009 | 地球科学进展2009，24，12： | 20 |
| 13 | 真空有载分接开关在高压直流换流变压器中的运用显示文摘 | 沈大中 Axel Kraemer Dieter Dohnal | 2007 | 变压器2007，44，1： | 16 |
| 14 | 真空有载分接开关在高压直流换流变压器中的运用显示文摘有载分接开关(on-load tap-changers,OLTC)是高压直流输电线路中现代换流变压器不可或缺的设备,可对系统的电压变化进行补偿,优化变频器控制角,并使高压直流系统降压运行成为可能。但开关操作时产生的电流具有陡峭的非正弦波形,不仅增加了开关切换的负荷,也增加了开关的容量和尺寸,而且开关频繁操作对维护提出了很高的要求。比较了换流变压器和电力变压器OLTC的操作条件。真空开关技术的引入使得真空OLTC除了可以消除油的污染外,还具备独特的优势,可承受高切换负荷,可用在高压直流换流变压器上,OLTC的容量配置可以优化调整等。真空OLTC免维护的操作次数可高达600 000次,维护工作可降至最低限度,大幅提升了换流变压器的可靠性和可用率。通过优化OLTC额定容量可以节省开关的体积和重量,有助于开发超高压直流换流变压器。 | 沈大中 Axel Kraemer Dieter Dohnal | 2011 | 南方电网技术2011，5，1： | 16 |
| 15 | Alveolar echinococcosis-spreading disease challenging clinicians: A case report and literature review显示文摘Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a potentially deadly disease; recent studies have shown that the endemic area of Echinococcus multilocularis , its causative agent, is larger than previously known. This disease has low prevalence and remains underreported in Europe. Emerging clinical data show that diagnostic difficulties are still common. We report on a 76-year old patient suffering from AE lesions restricted to the left lobe of the liver who underwent a curative extended left hemihepatectomy. Prior to the resection a liver biopsy under the suspicion of an atypical malignancy was performed. After the intervention he developed a pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery that was successfully coiled. Surprisingly, during surgery, the macroscopic appearance of the tumour revealed a growth pattern that was rather typical for cystic echinococcosis (CE), i.e. , a gross tumour composed of multiple large vesicles with several centimeters in diameter. In addition, there were neither extensive adhesions nor infiltrations of the neighboring pancreas and diaphragm as was expected from previous imaging results. The unexpected diagnosis of AE was confirmed by definite histopathology, specific polymerase chain reaction and serology results. This is a rare case of unusual macroscopic presentation of AE that posed immense diagnostic challenges and had an eventful course. To our knowledge this is the first case of an autochthonous infection in this particular geographic area of Germany, the federal state of Saxony. This report may provide new hints for an expanding area of risk for AE and emphasizes the risk of complications in the scope of diagnostic procedures and the limitations of modern radiological imaging. | Georgi Atanasov Christoph Benckert Armin Thelen Dennis Tappe Matthias Frosch Dieter Teichmann Thomas FE Barth Christian Wittekind Stefan Schubert Sven Jonas | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，26： | 14 |
| 16 | 涡轮级轮缘封严内非定常流场的准三维LDV测量显示文摘研究涡轮级封严内流动和主流的相互作用、相互影响,进一步认识盘腔内燃气入侵等非定常现象,急需流场实验数据验证。针对轮缘封严内空间狭窄、光路安排困难等问题,本文发展了一种用于测量涡轮级轮缘封严内非定常流场的准三维LDV技术,即测量分两步,首先在机匣上安置二维测速系统用符合方式测出径向、切向速度及湍流度,再在轮毂内安置一维探头重复测量,从两次测量数据中计算出轴向速度;该技术借助锁相采样等技术能测出不同动静叶相对位置情况下封严及盘腔内的周期性非定常流场细节,本文给出了部分典型的动态流场测量结果。 | 马宏伟 Dieter E Bohn Achim Decker Bernd Rudzinski | 2004 | 航空动力学报2004，19，4： | 14 |
| 17 | 粉末注射成形不锈钢——制取工艺、性能、应用——显示文摘讨论了粉末注射成形可以制备哪些不锈钢 ;现在用粉末注射成形已能制备哪些不锈钢 ;在制备这些不锈钢时哪些工艺应特别予以关注。由这些不锈钢制成的MIM零件所能达到的磁性能、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。最后 。 | Hans Wohlfromm Martin Blmacher Dieter Weinand 曹勇家 | 2002 | 粉末冶金工业2002，12，4： | 14 |
| 18 | New aspects in the pathomechanism and diagnosis of the laryngopharyngeal reflux-clinical impact of laryngeal proton pumps and pharyngeal p H metry in extraesophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease显示文摘AIM:To determine the laryngeal H+K+-ATPase and pharyngeal p H in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)-symptoms as well as to assess the symptom scores during PPI therapy.METHODS:Endoscopy was performed to exclude neoplasia and to collect biopsies from the posterior cricoid area(immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis).Immunohistochemical staining was performed with monoclonal mouse antibodies against human H+K+-ATPase.Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for each of the H+K+-ATPase subunits was performed.The p H values were assessed in the aerosolized environment of the oropharynx(Dxp H Catheter) and compared to a subsequently applied combined p H/MII measurement.RESULTS:Twenty patients with LPR symptoms were included.In only one patient,the laryngeal H+K+-ATPase was verified by immunohistochemical staining.In another patient,real-time RT-PCR for each H+K+-ATPase subunit was positive.Fourteen out of twenty patients had pathological results in Dxp H,and 6/20 patients had pathological results in p H/MII.Four patients had pathological results in both functional tests.Nine out of twenty patients responded to PPIs.CONCLUSION:The laryngeal H+K+-ATPase can only be sporadically detected in patients with LPR symptoms and is unlikely to cause the LPR symptoms.Alternative hypotheses for the pathomechanism are needed.The role of pharyngeal p H-metry remains unclearand its use can only be recommended for patients in a research study setting. | Valentin Becker Romina Drabner Simone Graf Christoph Schlag Simon Nennstiel Anna Maria Buchberger Roland M Schmid Dieter Saur Monther Bajbouj | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，3： | 14 |
| 19 | Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: The clinical challenge of a leaky gut and a cirrhotic liver显示文摘Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) is a frequent, life-threatening bacterial infection in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Portal hypertension leads to increased bacterial translocation from the intestine. Failure to eliminate invading pathogens due to immune defects associated with advanced liver disease on the background of genetic predisposition may result in SBP. The efficacy of antibiotic treatment and prophylaxis has declined due to the spread of multi-resistant bacteria. Patients with nosocomial SBP and with prior antibiotictreatment are at a particularly high risk for infection with resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is important to adapt empirical treatment to these risk factors and to the local resistance profile. Rifaximin, an oral, nonabsorbable antibiotic, has been proposed to prevent SBP, but may be useful only in a subset of patients. Since novel antibiotic classes are lacking, we have to develop prophylactic strategies which do not induce bacterial resistance. Farnesoid X receptor agonists may be a candidate, but so far, clinical studies are not available. New diagnostic tests which can be carried out quickly at the patient's site and provide additional prognostic information would be helpful. Furthermore, we need tools to predict antibiotic resistance in order to tailor first-line antibiotic treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis to the individual patient and to reduce mortality. | Philipp Lutz Hans Dieter Nischalke Christian P Strassburg Ulrich Spengler | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，3： | 12 |
| 20 | Folate Biofortification of Potato by Tuber-Specific Expression of Four Folate Biosynthesis Genes显示文摘微量元素的不够的饮食的吸入,是隐藏饥饿知道,是破坏全球负担,影响 20 亿个人。folates (维生素 B9 ) 的缺乏,被知道在 C 1 新陈代谢起一个中央作用,每年在至少 1/4 百万个人引起出生缺点。在庄稼提高自然地发生的 folates 的水平的 Biofortification 种,证明是在战斗的一个有效、划算的工具叶酸的缺乏。以前,叶酸的生合成基因 GTPCHI 和模数转换器的介绍,证明是在米饭和西红柿的成功的 biofortification 策略,结果不够足够地在土豆 tubers 增加叶酸的层次。这里,我们提供概念的一个证明 HPPK/DHPS 或 FPGS 的那另外的介绍,在 mitochondrial 的下游的基因叶酸的生合成,启用 folates 的扩大到令人满意的层次(12 褶层) 并且在 tubers 的长期的存储之上保证叶酸的稳定性。在结论,这设计策略能在叶酸积累的土豆栽培变种的创造担任一个模型,在消费土豆的人口受不了容易地适用叶酸的缺乏。 | Jolien De Lepeleire Simon Strobbe Jana Verstraete Dieter Blancquaert Lars Ambach Richard G.F. Visser Christophe Stove Dominique Van Der Straeten | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，1： | 12 |
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