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| 1 | Knowledge, perception and practices about malaria, climate change, livelihoods and food security among rural communities of central Tanzania显示文摘Background:Understanding the interactions between malaria and agriculture in Tanzania is of particular significance when considering that they are the major sources of illness and livelihoods.The objective of this study was to determine knowledge,perceptions and practices as regards to malaria,climate change,livelihoods and food insecurity in a rural farming community in central Tanzania.Methods:Using a cross-sectional design,heads of households were interviewed on their knowledge and perceptions on malaria transmission,symptoms and prevention and knowledge and practices as regards to climate change and food security.Results:A total of 399 individuals(mean age=39.8±15.5 years)were interviewed.Most(62.41%)of them had attained primary school education and majority(91.23%)were involved in crop farming activities.Nearly all(94.7%)knew that malaria is acquired through a mosquito bite.Three quarters(73%)reported that most people get sick from malaria during the rainy season.About 50%of the respondents felt that malaria had decreased during the last 10 years.The household coverage of insecticide treated mosquito nets(ITN)was high(95.5%).Ninety-six percent reported to have slept under a mosquito net the previous night.Only one in four understood the official Kiswahili term(Mabadiliko ya Tabia Nchi)for climate change.However,there was a general understanding that the rain patterns have changed in the past 10 years.Sixty-two percent believed that the temperature has increased during the same period.Three quarters of the respondents reported that they had no sufficient production from their own farms to guarantee food security in their household for the year.Three quarters(73.0%)reported to having food shortages in the past five years.About half said they most often experienced severe food shortage during the rainy season.Conclusion:Farming communities in Kilosa District have little knowledge on climate change and its impact on malaria burden.Food insecurity is common and community-based strategies to mitigate this need to be established.The findings call for an integrated control of malaria and food insecurity interventions. | Benjamin K Mayala Carolyn A Fahey Dorothy Wei Maria M Zinga Venera M Bwana Tabitha Mlacha Susan F Rumisha Grades Stanley Elizabeth H Shayo Leonard EG Mboera | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Increased presence of effector lymphocytes during Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis显示文摘AIM:To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic(SMAD)3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with Helicobacter hepaticus(H.hepaticus).METHODS:SMAD3 -/-(n=19)and colitis-resistant SMAD3+/-(n=24)mice(8-10 wk of age)were in-fected with H.hepaticus and changes in immune cell populations[T lymphocytes,natural killer(NK)cells,T regulatory cells]were measured in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes(MsLNs)at 0 d,3 d,7 d and 28 d post-infection using flow cytometry.Genotypedependent changes in T lymphocytes and granzyme B+ cells were also assessed after 28 d in proximal colon tissue using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:As previously observed,SMAD3 -/-,but not SMAD3+/-mice,developed colitis,peaking at 4 wk post-infection.No significant changes in T cell subsets were observed in the spleen or in the MsLNs between genotypes at any time point.However,CD4+and CD8+/ CD62Llo cells,an effector T lymphocyte population,as well as NK cells(NKp46/DX5+)were significantly higher in the MsLNs of SMAD3-/-mice at 7 d and 28 d post-infection.In the colon,a higher number of CD3+cells were present in SMAD3-/-compared to SMAD3+/-mice at baseline,which did not significantly change during infection.However,the number of granzyme B+cells,a marker of cytolytic lymphocytes,significantly increased in SMAD3-/-mice 28 d post-infection compared to both SMAD3+/-mice and to baseline values.This was consistent with more severe colitis development in these animals.CONCLUSION:Data suggest that defects in SMAD3 signaling increase susceptibility to H.hepaticus-induced colitis through aberrant activation and/or dysregulation of effector lymphocytes. | Sarah J McCaskey Elizabeth A Rondini Jonathan F Clinthorne Ingeborg M Langohr Elizabeth M Gardner Jenifer I Fenton | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，13： | 2 |
| 3 | A Spreading-Ac- tivation Theory of Semantic Processing显示文摘 | Collins Allan M Elizabeth F Loftus | 1975 | Psycho- logical Bulletin1975，，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Effects of supplemental FOS and MOS on colonic microbial populations, immue function and fecal odor components in the canine显示文摘 | Christine M G Elizabeth A F | 2002 | J Nutr2002，132，： | 1 |
| 5 | Human response to Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection antibodies to secreted viru- lence factors 显示文摘 | YUHNG L ELIZABETH F ANDREW M | 2000 | Infection and Immunity2000，68，15： | 1 |
| 6 | Lack of clinical AIDS in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys with significant CD4^sup +^ T cell loss is associated with double-negative T cells显示文摘 | Milush Jeffrey M Mir Kiran D Sundaravaradan Vasudha Gordon Shari N Engram Jessica Cano Christopher A Reeves Jacqueline F Anton Elizabeth O’Neill Eduardo Butler Eboneé Hancock Kathy Cole Kelly S Brenchley Jason M Else James G Silvestri Guido | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Effects of hemoconcentration and sympathetic activation on serum lipid response to brief mental stress显示文摘 | ELIZABETH A B MATTEW F M KAREN A MATTHE WS | 2002 | Psycho-somatic Medicine2002，64，： | 1 |
| 8 | Individual differences in children's private speech:The role of imaginary companions显示文摘 | Davis PE Elizabeth M Charles F | 2013 | Journal of Experimental Child Psychology2013，116，3： | 1 |
| 9 | A spreading activation theory of semantic processing 显示文摘 | Collins Allan M Elizabeth F Loftus | 1975 | Psychological Review1975，82，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Tissue-specific imprinting of the ZAC/PLAGL1 tumor suppressor gene results from variable utilization of monoallelic and biallelic promoters 显示文摘 | Elizabeth M Valleley Sarah F Cordery David T Bonthron | 2007 | Human Molecular Genetics2007，16，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Anti-inflamma-to-ry effects of compounds alpha-humulene and (α)-trans- caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea显示文摘 | Elizabeth S Giselle F Rodrigo M | 2007 | Eur J Pharmacol2007，569，3： | 1 |
| 12 | A Spreading-Activation Theory of Semantic Processing显示文摘 | Collins Allan M Elizabeth F Loftus | 1975 | Psychological Bulletin1975，82，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Quantitative StructureActivity Relationship in Aziridinyl-1,4-naphthoquinone Antimalarials:Study of Theoretical Correlations by the PM3 Method显示文摘 | ELIZABETH V M JOSE W VITOR F F | 2004 | Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry2004，12，： | 1 |
| 14 | Human re- sponse to Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection:Antibodies to seccreted virulence factors显示文摘 | YULING L ELIZABETH F ANDREW M | 2000 | Infect Immun2000，68，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Arabidopsis and tobacco plants ectopically expressing the soybean antiquitin-like ALDH7 gene display enhanced tolerance to drought,salinity,and oxidative stress显示文摘 | Simone M R Maxuel O A Ana P S G Fabio M D Maria C B P Elizabeth P B F | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | False beliefs about fattening foods can have healthy consequences显示文摘 | Daniel M Bernstein Cara Laney Erin K Morris Elizabeth F Loftus | 2005 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences2005，102，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Management practice to achieve energy-efficient performance of green buildings in New Zealand显示文摘 | NURUL S M A SUZANNE W ELIZABETH F | 2014 | Architectural Engineering and Design Management2014，，10： | 1 |
| 18 | College of american pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer显示文摘 | M Elizabeth H Hammond Daniel F Hayes Mitch Dowsett | 2010 | J Oncol Pract2010，6，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Dendrimers and dendritic polymers in drug delivery显示文摘 | Elizabeth R G Jean M J F | 2005 | Drug Diseov Today2005，10，： | 1 |
| 20 | Effects of hemoconcentration and symapathetic activation on serum lipid response to brief mental stress显示文摘 | ELIZABETH A B MATTEW F M KAREN A MATTHEWS | 2002 | Psychosomatic Medicine2002，64，： | 1 |
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