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| 1 | Prolonged feeding with guanidinoacetate, a methyl group consumer, exacerbates ethanol-induced liver injury显示文摘AIM To investigate the hypothesis that exposure to guanidinoacetate(GAA, a potent methyl-group consumer) either alone or combined with ethanol intake for a prolonged period of time would cause more advanced liver pathology thus identifying methylation defects as the initiator and stimulator for progressive liver damage.METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were fed the control or ethanolLieber De Carli diet in the absence or presence of GAA supplementation. At the end of 6 wk of the feeding regimen, various biochemical and histological analyses were conducted. RESULTS Contrary to our expectations, we observed that GAA treatment alone resulted in a histologically normal liver without evidence of hepatosteatosis despite persistence of some abnormal biochemical parameters. This protection could result from the generation of creatine from the ingested GAA. Ethanol treatment for 6 wk exhibited changes in liver methionine metabolism and persistence of histological and biochemical defects as reported before. Further, when the rats were fed the GAA-supplemented ethanol diet, similar histological and biochemical changes as observed after 2 wk of combined treatment, including inflammation, macroand micro-vesicular steatosis and a marked decrease in the methylation index were noted. In addition, rats on the combined treatment exhibited increased liver toxicity and even early fibrotic changes in a subset of animals in this group. The worsening liver pathology could be related to the profound reduction in the hepatic methylation index, an increased accumulation of GAA and the inability of creatine generated to exert its hepato-protective effects in the setting of ethanol.CONCLUSION To conclude, prolonged exposure to a methyl consumer superimposed on chronic ethanol consumption causes persistent and pronounced liver damage. | Natalia A Osna Dan Feng Murali Ganesan Priya F Maillacheruvu David J Orlicky Samuel W French Dean J Tuma Kusum K Kharbanda | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，38： | 2 |
| 2 | The Cross Section of Expected Stock Returns显示文摘 | Farm E F French K R | 1992 | Journal of Finance1992，47，： | 1 |
| 3 | The cross-section of expected stock returns显示文摘 | Fama E F French K R | 1992 | Journal of Finance1992，47，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Industry costs of equity 显示文摘 | Fama E F French K R | 1997 | Journal of Financial Economics1997，43，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Portfolio performance and the interaction between systematic risk, firm size and price -earnings ratio 显示文摘 | Fama E F French S | 1992 | Journal of Finance1992，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Chronic cough - the spectrum and frequency of cause, key components of the diagnostic evaluation, and outcome of specific therapy 显示文摘 | IRWIN R S CURLEY F J FRENCH C L | 1990 | Am Rev Respir Dis1990，141，3： | 1 |
| 7 | The cross-section of expected stock returns显示文摘 | Fama E F French K R | 1992 | Journal of Finance1992，47，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Meat quality of steers finished on autumn grass, grass silage or concen trate-based diets显示文摘 | French P O'Riordan E G Monahan F Letal | 2000 | Meat Science2000，56，： | 1 |
| 9 | Common Risk Factors In the Re- turns on Stocks and Bonds 显示文摘 | Fama E F K R French | 1993 | Journal of Financial Eco- nomics1993，33，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Value versus growth: The international evidence 显示文摘 | FAMA E F FRENCH K | 1998 | Journal of Finance1998，53，6： | 1 |
| 11 | The cross section of expected stock returns 显示文摘 | FAMA E F FRENCH K R | 1992 | Journal of Finance1992，47，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Size and book-to- market factors in earnings and returns 显示文摘 | FAMA E F FRENCH K R | 1995 | The Journal of Finance1995，50，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Testing trade-off and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt 显示文摘 | Fama E F French K R | 2002 | The Review of Financial Studies2002，15，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds显示文摘 | Fama E F French K R | 1993 | Journal of Financial Economics1993，33，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Disappearing dividends: changing firm characteristics or lower propensity to pay? 显示文摘 | FAMA E F FRENCH K R | 2001 | Journal of Financial Economies2001，，60： | 1 |
| 16 | What do hospital consultants value about their jobs? A discrete choice experiment显示文摘 | Ubach C Scott A French F | | 0，，326： | 1 |
| 17 | Testing trade-off and pec- king order predictions about dividends and debt显示文摘 | FAMA E F FRENCH | 2002 | The Review of Financial Studies2002，15，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The capital asset pricing model: Theory and evidence显示文摘 | Fama E F French K R | 2004 | The Journal of Economic Perspectives2004，18，： | 1 |
| 19 | Multifactor explanations of asset pricing anomalies显示文摘 | Fama E F French K R | 1996 | Journal of Finance1996，51，1： | 1 |
| 20 | The Cross- section of Expected Stock Returns 显示文摘 | Fama E F K R French | 1997 | The Journal of Finance1997，112，2： | 1 |
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