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| 1 | RAAS and adrenergic genes in heart failure: Function, predisposition and survival implications显示文摘It is well appreciated that several neurohormones and signaling cascades are activated that promote long-term deterioration of cardiac function and structure. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the adrenergic system is closely related to heart failure. Common gene variants that encode neurohormonal, adrenergic and intracellular proteins have been demonstrated to modulate the course and consequences of heart failure. However, the literature is replete with conflicting results and it remains uncertain as to whether particular gene variants predispose heart failure. Therefore, the main purpose of this review was to discuss the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are located in genes encoding elements of the RAAS and the adrenergic system on the predisposition to and survival from heart failure. Most studies indicate that common SNPs encoding elements of the RAAS and the adrenergic system do not predispose individuals to heart failure. Conversely, it has been demonstrated that ARB1 Arg389Gly, GRK5 Gln41Leu, ACE I/D, CYP11B2 C-344T and AGTR1 A+1166C modulate pharmacological responses and have a considerable impact on cardiacrelated survival. It should not be expected, however, that a single polymorphism determines survival, given that multiple gene products and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Therefore, future studies should consider the interaction effects of multiple genes in populations that are as homogeneous as possible with respect to environmental characteristics. | Alberto J Alves Nir Eynon José Oliveira Ehud Goldhammer | 2010 | World Journal of Cardiology2010，2，7： | 3 |
| 2 | High frequency glacio-eustatic sealevel oscillations with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in Middle Triassic platform carbonates in northern Italy显示文摘 | Goldhammer R K Dunn P A Hardie L A | 1987 | American Journal of Science1987，287，9： | 1 |
| 3 | Phosphate oxygen isotopes:insights into sedimentary phosphorus cycling from the Benguela upwelling system显示文摘 | Goldhammer T K M Brunner B Bernasconi S M | 2011 | Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta2011，75，13： | 1 |
| 4 | Electron transfer of dissolved organic matter and its potential significance for anaerobic respiration in a northern bog显示文摘 | Heitmann T Goldhammer T Beer J | 2007 | Global Change Biology2007，13，8： | 1 |
| 5 | High frequency glacio-eustafic sea - level oscillations with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in Middle Triassic platform carbonates in Northern Italy显示文摘 | Goldhammer R K Dunn P A Hardie I A | 1987 | American Journal of Science1987，287，9： | 1 |
| 6 | Use of Fischer plots to define third -order sea- level curves in Ordovician perital cyclic carbonates,Appalachians显示文摘 | Read J F Goldhammer R K | 1988 | Geology1988，16，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Depositional cycles, composite sea-level changes, cycle stacking patterns, and the hi- erarchy of stratigraphic forcing: examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates 显示文摘 | Goldhammer R K Dunn P A Hardie L A | 1990 | Geological Society of America Bulletin1990，102，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Modeling the multidi-mensional structure of students' foreign language compe-tence within and between classrooms 显示文摘 | Hohler J’Hartig J Goldhammer F | 2010 | PsychologicalTest and Assessment Modeling2010，52，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Depositional cycles,composite sea-level changes,cycle stacking patterns,and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing:Example from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates显示文摘 | Goldhammer R K Dunn P A Hardie L A | 1990 | Geological Society of American Bulletin1990，102，： | 1 |
| 10 | Electron transfer of dissolved organic matter and its potential significance for anaerobic respiration in a northern bog显示文摘 | Heitmann T Goldhammer T Beer J etal | 2007 | Glob Change Biol2007，13，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Use of Fischer plots to define third order sea level curses in peritidal cyclic carbonates, Early Ordovician, Appalachians 显示文摘 | Read J F Goldhammer R K | 1988 | Geology1988，16，： | 1 |
| 12 | Use of Fischer plots to define third-order sea-level curves in Ordovician peritidal cyclic carbonates, Appalachians显示文摘 | Read J F Goldhammer R K | 1988 | Geology1988，16，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Tracheal stenosis after placement of percutaneous dilational tracheotomy显示文摘 | Christenson TE Artz GJ Goldhammer JE | 2008 | Laryngoscope2008，118，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Use of Fischer plots to define third-order sea-level curves in Ordovician peritidal cyclic carbonates显示文摘 | Read J F Goldhammer R K | 1988 | Geology1988，16，： | 1 |
| 15 | Compaction and decompaction algo- rithms for sedimentary carbonates 显示文摘 | Goldhammer R K | 1997 | Journal of Sedi- mentary Research1997，67，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Depositional cycles, composite sea-level changes, cycle stacking patterns, and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates显示文摘 | Goldhammer R K Dunn P A Hardie L A | 1990 | Geological Society of America Bulletin1990，102，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Modeling the multidimensional structure of students’ foreign language competence within and between classrooms显示文摘 | H(o)hler J Hartig J Goldhammer F | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Extrapyramidal syndrome responsive to dopaminergic treatment following recovery from central pontine myelinolysis显示文摘 | Sadeh M Goldhammer J | 1993 | Eur Neurol1993，33，： | 1 |
| 19 | Exercise training modulates cytokines activity in coronary heart disesse patients显示文摘 | E Goldhammer A Tanchilevitch I Maor | 2005 | Int J Cardiol2005，100，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Exercise training modulates cytokines activity in coronary heart disease patients 显示文摘 | Goldhammer E Tanchilevitch A Maor I | 2005 | Int J Cardiol2005，100，1： | 1 |
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