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| 1 | Anti-rods/rings autoantibody generation in hepatitis Cpatients during interferon-α/ribavirin therapy显示文摘Chronic inflammation associated with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection can lead to disabling liver diseases with progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the recent availability of more effective and less toxic therapeutic options, in most parts of the world the standard treatment consists of a weekly injection of pegylated interferon α(IFN-α) together with a daily dose of ribavirin. HCV patients frequently present circulating non-organ-specific autoantibodies demonstrating a variety of staining patterns in the indirect immunofluorescence assay for antinuclear antibodies(ANA). Between 20% to 40% of HCV patients treated with IFN-α and ribavirin develop autoantibodies showing a peculiar ANA pattern characterized as rods and rings(RR) structures. The aim of this article is to review the recent reports regarding RR structures and anti-rods/rings(antiRR) autoantibody production by HCV patients after IFN-α/ribavirin treatment. Anti-RR autoantibodies first appear around the sixth month of treatment and reach a plateau around the twelfth month. After treatment completion, anti-RR titers decrease/disappear in half the patients and remain steady in the other half. Some studies have observed a higher frequency of anti-RR antibodies in relapsers, i.e., patients in which circulating virus reappears after initially successful therapy. The main target of anti-RR autoantibodies in HCV patients is inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2(IMPDH2), the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the guanosine triphosphate biosynthesis pathway. Ribavirin is a direct IMPDH2 inhibitor and is able to induce the formation of RR structures in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these observations led to the hypothesis that anti-RR autoantibody production is a human model of immunologic tolerance breakdown that allows us to explore the humoral autoimmune response from the beginning of the putative triggering event: exposure to ribavirin and interferon. | Gerson Dierley Keppeke S John Calise Edward KL Chan Luis Eduardo C Andrade | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，6： | 4 |
| 2 | Cortically Coupled Computer Vision for Rapid Image Search显示文摘 | Parra L C Sajda P | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering2006，14，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Risk factors for small bowel bacte-rial overgrowth in cystic fibrosis显示文摘 | Fridge JL Conrad C Gerson L | 2006 | Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2006，44，2： | 1 |
| 4 | The influence of sodium carbonate in sodium aluminosilicate crystallization and solubility in sodium aluminate solutions显示文摘 | ZHENG K L GERSON A R ADDAL-MENSAH J SMART R S C | 1997 | J Crystal Growth1997，171，： | 1 |
| 5 | Dielectric breakdown of porous ceramics显示文摘 | GERSON R MARSHALL T C | 1959 | Appl Phys1959，30，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Ferroelectric BiFeO3 X - ray and neutron diffraction study 显示文摘 | Moreau J M Michel C Gerson R | 1971 | J Phys Chem Solids1971，32，： | 1 |
| 7 | A Comparison of the Kinetics and Mechanism of Acid Leaching of Sphalerite Containing Low and High Concentrations of Iron显示文摘 | Weisener C G Smart R S C Gerson A R | 2004 | International Journal of Mineral Process2004，74，1234： | 1 |
| 8 | Kinetics and mechanisms of the leaching of low Fe sphalerite 显示文摘 | Weisener C G Smart R ST C Gerson A R | 2003 | Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta2003，67，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Kinetics and mechanisms of the leaching of low Fe Germanium-rich sphalerite concentrate 显示文摘 | Weisener C G Smart R St C Gerson A R | 2003 | Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta2003，67，5： | 1 |
| 10 | An investigationof the mechanism of gibbsite nucleation using molecularmodelling 显示文摘 | GERSON A R RALSTON J SMART R S C | 1996 | Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical andEngineering Aspects1996，110，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Genetic variation of piperidine alkaloids in Pinus ponderosa : A common garden study 显示文摘 | Gerson E A Kelsey R G St C J | 2009 | An- nals of Botany2009，103，3： | 1 |
| 12 | A methodology for qualifying sodalite and cancrinite phase mixture and kinetics of the scxlalite to eanerinite phase transformation 显示文摘 | Barnes M C Addai-Mensah J Gerson A R | 1991 | Microporous and Mesoporous Materials1991，31，： | 1 |
| 13 | Sublingual contiguous thyroglossal and dermoid cysts inthe neonate显示文摘 | Drucker C Gerson CR | 1992 | Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol1992，23，： | 1 |
| 14 | Loneliness and expressive communica- tion显示文摘 | Gerson A C Pedman D | 1979 | Joumal of Abnormal Psychology1979，88，3： | 1 |
| 15 | A comparison of the kinetics and mechanism of acid leaching of sphalerite containing low and high concentrations of iron 显示文摘 | Weisener C G Smart R St C Gerson A R | 2004 | International Journal of Mineral Processing2004，74，14： | 1 |
| 16 | A comparison of the kinetics and mechanism of acid leaching of sphalerite containing low and high concentrations of iron 显示文摘 | WEISENER C G SMART R S GERSON A R | 2004 | Int J Miner Process2004，74，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Dielectric breakdown of porous ceramics显示文摘 | GERSON R MARSHALLI T C | 1959 | J Appl Phys1959，30，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Sc, Ti, V, Cu and Zn 显示文摘 | BIESINGER M C LAU L W GERSON A R SMART R S C | 2010 | Applied Surface Science2010，257，3： | 1 |
| 19 | A comparison of the kinetics and mechanism of acid leaching of sphalerite con- taining low and high concentrations of iron显示文摘 | Weisener C G Smart R St C Gerson A R | 2004 | International Journal of Mineral Processing2004，74，： | 1 |
| 20 | A mixed integer disjunctive model for transmission network expansion显示文摘 | Laura B Gerson C O Mario P | 2001 | IEEE Transactions on Power Systems2001，16，3： | 1 |
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