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| 1 | Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance显示文摘Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses.Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production.It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response.The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include:anorexia,fever,lethargy,recruitment of other immune cells,and phagocytosis.While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids,increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation.However,the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake.Therefore,as feed intake decreases,the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased.This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie:lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs.The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge.Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet,limit feed,or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge.While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation,when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources(i.e.,soybean meal).This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine,which lowers post weaning diarrhea.It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut.The objective of this review is two-fold.The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions,or lack thereof,and secondly,to review amino acid requirement estimates for nursery pigs. | Bob Goodband Mike Tokach Steve Dritz Joel DeRouchey Jason Woodworth | 2014 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2014，5，3： | 8 |
| 2 | 保育仔猪饲养管理比日粮配方更加重要显示文摘 | Steve Dritz Mike Tokach Joel DeRouchey Bob Goodband JimNelssen 冯占雨(译) 舒畅(校) | 2007 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2007，，1： | 2 |
| 3 | 测定哺乳母猪总含硫氨基酸相对于赖氨酸的需要量显示文摘本试验通过163头母猪,测定母猪在哺乳期中相对于赖氨酸的总含硫氨基酸(total sulfur amino acids,TSAA)需要量。所有试验日粮均以玉米-大豆粕型日粮为基础,通过配制使日粮的回肠赖氨酸真消化率达0.88%(总赖氨酸含量为0.97%)。试验日粮含0.37%L-赖氨酸盐酸,通过添加其它晶体氨基酸以使TSAA成为日粮第一限制性氨基酸。经过配制,日粮回肠可消化含硫氨基酸分别为0.44%、0.48%、0.53%、0.57%和0.62%,并使日粮赖氨酸含量分别达到50%、55%、60%、65%和70%。试验母猪分成6个产仔组,随后根据胎次将其随机分入各个日粮试验组,喂给总含硫氨基酸/赖氨酸比率不同但逐步提高的试验日粮。结果在整个哺乳期中,各组试验母猪在日平均采食量(ADFI)、失重和背膘损失及血浆尿素氮含量上并无显著差异(P>0.14)。同时,提高母猪日粮的总含硫氨基酸/赖氨酸比率,仔猪断奶体重或断奶前死亡率均未受到影响(P>0.25)。总之,逐步提高母猪日粮的总含硫氨基酸/赖氨酸比率,不会影响其仔猪的窝生长性能。这些结果表明,哺乳期母猪对回肠真可消化总含硫氨基酸的需要量不超过赖氨酸50%。体组织的动用可以作为总含硫氨基酸一种可能的来源,从而可降低哺乳母猪对日粮总含硫氨基酸的需要量;高氨基酸摄入量,同时伴随着体组织的动用,由此产生的作用还需作进一步的研究。 | 冯占雨 J. D. Schneider J. L. Nelssen M. D. Tokach S. S. Dritz R. D. Goodband J. M. DeRouchey | 2007 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2007，，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Effect of creatine monohyrate on finishing pig growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality显示文摘 | Goodband R D | 2002 | Animal Feed Science and Technology2002，，96： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of the interrelationgship between incoxide and copper sulfate on growth performance of earlyweaned pigs显示文摘 | SMITH J W TOKACH M D GOODBAND R D | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Effect of creatine monohydrate on finishing pig growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality显示文摘 | James B W Goodband R D Unruh J A | 2002 | Animal Feed Science and Technology2002，96，34： | 1 |
| 7 | Growth curve analy- sis : practical tools for making farm-specific decisions 显示文摘 | Goodband B Dritz S Tokach M | 1997 | Le- man Swine Conference1997，24，： | 1 |
| 8 | Effects of soybean meal particle size on growth perform- ance of nursery pigs 显示文摘 | Lawrence K R Hastad C W Goodband R D | 2003 | Journal of Animal Science2003，81，9： | 1 |
| 9 | The effects of porcine somatotropin and dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine 显示文摘 | Goodband R D Nelssen J L Hines R H | 1990 | Journal of Animal Science1990，68，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of the interrelationship between zinc oxide and copper sulfate on growth performance of early-weaned pigs显示文摘 | Smith J W Tokach M D Goodband R D | 1997 | J Anim Sci1997，75，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of creatine monohydrate on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality显示文摘 | James B W Goodband R D Unruh J A | 2002 | Animal Feed Science and Technology2002，96，： | 1 |
| 12 | Influence of dietary lysine on growth and carcass composition of high-lean-growth gilts fed from a4 to 72 kilograms显示文摘 | FRIESEN K G NELSSEN J L GOODBAND R D | 1994 | J Anim Sci1994，72，： | 1 |
| 13 | Evaluation of animal protein supplements in diets of early - weaned pigs 显示文摘 | Hansen J A Nelssen J L Goodband R D | 1993 | J Anim Sci1993，71，： | 1 |
| 14 | Added dietary methionine in starter pig diets containing spray - dried blood prodacts 显示文摘 | OWEN K Q NELSSEN J L GOODBAND R D | 1995 | Anlm J Sci1995，73，： | 1 |
| 15 | Nutritional value of a genetically improved high-lysine, high-oil corn for young pigs显示文摘 | O'QUINN PR NELSSEN JL GOODBAND RD | 2000 | J Anita Sci2000，78，： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of L-carnitine fed during gestation and lactation on sow and litter performance 显示文摘 | Musser R E Goodband R D Tokach M D et ol | 1999 | J Anita Sci1999，77，： | 1 |
| 17 | Effects of the interrelationgship between zinc oxide and copper sulfate on growth performance of early-weaned pigs显示文摘 | Smith J W Tokach M D Goodband R D | 1997 | J Anim Sci1997，75，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of L-carnitine fed during gestation and lactation on sow and litter performance 显示文摘 | Musser R E Goodband R D Tokach M D | 1999 | Journal of Animal Science1999，77，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of soybean meal particle size on growth performance of nursery pigs显示文摘 | LAWRENCE K R HASTAD C W GOODBAND R D | 2003 | J Anim Sci2003，81，： | 1 |
| 20 | Interactive effects among porcein somatropin the Beta-adrenergic agonist salbutamol,and dietary lysine on growth performance and nitrogen balance of finishing swine显示文摘 | Hansen J A Nelssen J L Goodband R D | 1994 | Journal of Animal Science1994，72，3： | 1 |
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