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| 1 | Updates on treatment of irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and discomfort in association with altered bowel habits. It is estimated to affect 10%-15% of the Western population, and has a large impact on quality of life and (in)direct healthcare costs. IBS is a multifactorial disorder involving dysregulation within the brain-gut axis, and it is frequently associated with gastrointestinal motor and sensory dysfunction, enteric and central nervous system irregularities, neuroimmune dysregulation, and post- infectious inflammation. As with other functional medical disorders, the treatment for IBS can be challenging. Conventional therapy for those with moderate to severe symptoms is largely unsatisfactory, and the development of new and effective drugs is made difficult by the complex pathogenesis, variety of symptoms, and lack of objective clinical findings that are the hallmark of this disorder. Fortunately, research advances over the past several decades have provided insight into potential mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of IBS, and have led to the development of several promising pharmaceutical agents. In recent years there has been much publicity over several of these new IBS medications (alosetron and tegaserod) because of their reported association with ischemic colitis and cardiovascular disease. While these agents remain available for use under restricted prescribing programs, this highlights the need for continued development of safe and effective medication for IBS. This article provides a physiologically- based overview of recently developed and frequently employed pharmaceutical agents used to treat IBS, and discusses some non-pharmaceutical options that may be beneficial in this disorder. | Christopher W Hammerle Christina M Surawicz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，17： | 4 |
| 2 | 2+ 2- : a new high-nitrogen high-energetic material 显示文摘 | Hammerl A Klapotke T M Noth H | 2001 | Inorg Chem2001，40，： | 1 |
| 3 | Eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, latent and sensible energy fluxes above a meadow on a mountain slope 显示文摘 | Hammerle A Haslwanter A Schmitt M | 2007 | Boundary-Layer Meteorology2007，122，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Loss of the abun- dant nuclear non-coding RNA MALAT1 is compatible with life and development显示文摘 | Eissmann M Gutschner T Hammerle M | 2012 | RNA Biol2012，9，8： | 1 |
| 5 | 5-Azido-1 Htet- razole-improved synthesis, crystal structure and sensitivity data 显示文摘 | Stierstorfer J Klap6tke T M Hammerl A | 2008 | Zeitschrift fur Anorganische and AIIgemeine chemie2008，634，： | 1 |
| 6 | 5-Azido-1 H-tet- razole-improved synthesis, crystal structure and sensitivity data 显示文摘 | Stierstorfer J Klap6tke T M Hammerl A | 2008 | AnorgAIIgChem2008，634，： | 1 |
| 7 | Isolation of a polypeptide that has lymphocyte-differentiating properties and is probably represented universally in living cells显示文摘 | Goldstein G Scheid M Hammerling U | 1975 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1975，72，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Use of automatic vehicle location and passenger count data to evaluate bus operations:experience of the Chicago Transit Authority,Illinois显示文摘 | Hammerle M Haynes M McNeil S | | 0，，1903： | 1 |
| 9 | Structure of the routine immune response I-Ab gene and an adjacent β-chain second domain exon显示文摘 | Larhammar D Hammerling U Denaro M | 1983 | Cell1983，34，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, latent and sensible energy fluxes above a meadow on a mountain slope显示文摘 | Hammerle A Haslwanter A Schmitt M | 2007 | Boundary-Layer Meteorology2007，122，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Direct monitoring of or- ganic vapours with amperometric enzyme gas sensors 显示文摘 | Hammerle M Hilgert K Achmann S | 2010 | Biosen-sors and Bioeleetronies2010，25，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Isolation of a polypeptide that has lymphoc yte-differentiating properties and is probably represented universally in living cells显示文摘 | Goldstein G Scheid M Hammerling U | 1975 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1975，72，： | 1 |
| 13 | The noncoding RNA MALATI is a critical regulator of the metastasis phenotype of lung cancer cells 显示文摘 | Gutschner T Hammerle M Eissmann M | 2013 | Cancer Res2013，73，3： | 1 |
| 14 | 2^+ ^2-: A new high-nitrogen high-energetic material 显示文摘 | HAMMERL A KLAPOTKE T M NOTH H | 2001 | Inorg Chem2001，40，14： | 1 |
| 15 | Microbial activity and community composition during bioremediation of diesel-oil-contaminated soli: effects of hydrocarbon concentration, fertilizers and incubation time 显示文摘 | Margesin R Hammerle M Tscherko D | 2007 | Microbial Ecology2007，53，2： | 1 |
| 16 | MALATI a paradigm for long noncoding RNA function in cancer显示文摘 | Gutschner T Hammerle M Diederichs S | 2013 | J Mol Med (Berl)2013，91，7： | 1 |
| 17 | MALATI--a paradigm for long noncoding RNA function in cancer 显示文摘 | Gutschner T Hammerle M Diederichs S | 2013 | Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin Germany)2013，91，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Synthesis and characterization of hydrazinium azide hydrazinate 显示文摘 | HAMMERL A HOLL G KAISER M | 2001 | Propell Explos Pyrot2001，26，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Synthesis and characterization ofhydrazinium azide hydrazinate 显示文摘 | Hammerl A Holl G Kaiser M | 2001 | Propell Explos Pyrot2001，26，4： | 1 |
| 20 | A colorimetric method for the determination of lipase activity in soil显示文摘 | Margesin R Feller G Hammerle M | 2002 | Biotechnology Letters2002，24，： | 1 |
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