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| 1 | Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease显示文摘The onset of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In ALD, LPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling LPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and LPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and LPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of ALD. | Courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd Amy L DeVeney Mary M Huerter Lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，10： | 20 |
| 2 | Gastrointestinal Behcet's disease:A review显示文摘Beh?et's disease(BD) is an idiopathic, chronic, relapsing, multi-systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcers, ocular disease and skin lesions. Prevalence of BD is highest in countries along the ancient silk road from the Mediterranean basin to East Asia. By comparison, the prevalence in North American and Northern European countries is low. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Beh?et's disease are of particular importance as they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although ileocecal involvement is most commonly described, BD may involve any segment of the intestinal tract as well as the various organs within the gastrointestinal system. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria- there are no pathognomonic laboratory tests. Methods for monitoring disease activity on therapy are available but imperfect. Evidence-based treatment strategies are lacking. Different classes of medications have been successfully used for the treatment of intestinal BD which include 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody therapy. Like inflammatory bowel disease, surgery is reserved for those who are resistant to medical therapy. A subset of patients have a poor disease course. Accurate methods to detect these patients and the optimal strategy for their treatment are not known at this time. | Wasseem Skef Matthew J Hamilton Thurayya Arayssi | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，13： | 14 |
| 3 | Restoring the gut microbiome for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is considered to be a highly successful therapy for recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)based on recent clinical trials.The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)is thought to be due in part to perturbations in the gut microflora that disrupt homeostasis.FMT restores essential components of the microflora which could reverse the inflammatory processes observed in IBD.Case reports and series for the treatment of IBD by FMT have shown promise with regards to treatment success and safety despite the limitations of the reporting.Future studies will determine the optimal delivery and preparation of stool as well as the conditions under which the recipient will derive maximal benefit.The long term consequences of FMT with regards to infection,cancer,auto-immune,and metabolic diseases are not known and will require continued regulation and study.Despite these limitations,FMT may be beneficial for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,particularly those with concurrent CDI or with pouchitis. | Jessica R Allegretti Matthew J Hamilton | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，13： | 7 |
| 4 | Reconstructing the Primordial Spectrum of Fluctuations of the Universe from the Observed Nonlinear Clustering of Galaxies显示文摘 | Hamilton A J S Kumer P Lu E | 1991 | ApJ1991，374，： | 3 |
| 5 | Antisense gene that inhibits synthesis of the hormone ethylene in transgenic plant 显示文摘 | Hamilton A J Yycett G W Grierson D | 1990 | Nature1990，346，： | 2 |
| 6 | Abnormal liver chemistries as a predictor of COVID-19 severity and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients显示文摘BACKGROUND Abnormal liver chemistries are common findings in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the association of these abnormalities with the severity of COVID-19 and clinical outcomes is poorly understood AIM We aimed to assess the prevalence of elevated liver chemistries in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and compare the serum liver chemistries to predict the severity and in-hospital mortality.METHODS This retrospective,observational study included 3380 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the Johns Hopkins Health System(Baltimore,MD,United States).Demographic data,clinical characteristics,laboratory findings,treatment measures,and outcome data were collected.Cox regression modeling was used to explore variables associated with abnormal liver chemistries on admission with disease severity and prognosis RESULTS A total of 2698(70.4%)had abnormal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)at the time of admission.Other more prevalent abnormal liver chemistries were aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(44.4%),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)(16.1%),and total bilirubin(T-Bil)(5.9%).Factors associated with liver injury were older age,Asian ethnicity,other race,being overweight,and obesity.Higher ALT,AST,T-Bil,and ALP levels were more commonly associated with disease severity.Multivariable adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed that abnormal AST and T-Bil were associated with the highest mortality risk than other liver injury indicators during hospitalization.Abnormal AST,T-Bil,and ALP were associated with a need for vasopressor drugs,whereas higher levels of AST,T-Bil,and a decreased albumin levels were associated with mechanical ventilation CONCLUSION Abnormal liver chemistries are common at the time of hospital admission in COVID-19 patients and can be closely related to the patient’s severity and prognosis.Elevated liver chemistries,specifically ALT,AST,ALP,and T-Bil levels,can be used to stratify risk and predict the need for advanced therapies in these patients. | Arunkumar Krishnan Laura Prichett Xueting Tao Saleh A Alqahtani James P Hamilton Esteban Mezey Alexandra T Strauss Ahyoung Kim James J Potter Po-Hung Chen Tinsay A Woreta | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，5： | 2 |
| 7 | Oil and the macro-economy since World War Ⅱ显示文摘 | HAMILTON J | 1983 | Journal of Political Economy1983，，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Paxillin and hydro- gen peroxide-inducible clone 5 expression and distribution in control and Alzheimer disease hippocampi显示文摘 | Caltagarone J Hamilton RL Murdoch G | 2010 | J Neuropathol Exp Neurol2010，69，： | 1 |
| 9 | The elastic compensation method for limit and shakedown analysis:a review显示文摘 | D Mackenzie J T Boyle R Hamilton | 2000 | Journal of Strain Analysis2000，35，3： | 1 |
| 10 | An integrated anal ytical approach for determining the origin of solid bitumens in the McArthur Basin,Northern Australia显示文摘 | George S C Llorca S M Hamilton P J | 1994 | Org Geochem1994，21，： | 1 |
| 11 | Physical modeling of the step recovery diode for pulse and harmonic generation circuits显示文摘 | Moll J L Hamilton S A | 1969 | Proc of the IEEE1969，57，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances显示文摘 | Dubois M Gilles K A Hamilton J K | 1956 | Anal Chem1956，28，： | 1 |
| 13 | Life-history concepts andthepopulation biology of clonal organisms 显示文摘 | Saekvilh Hamilton N R Schmid B Harper J L | 1987 | Proceeding of Royal Society London B1987，232，： | 1 |
| 14 | Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with low concentrations of radionuclides显示文摘 | Entry J A Vance N C Hamilton M A | 1996 | Water Air Soil Pollution1996，88，： | 1 |
| 15 | Visual loss as a complication of spine surgery: A review of 37 cases 显示文摘 | Myers MA Hamilton SR Bogosian A J | 1997 | Spine1997，22，： | 1 |
| 16 | Maglignancy and deep vein thrombosis 显示文摘 | Barett J Hamilton W | 2006 | Br J Gen Pract2006，56，530： | 1 |
| 17 | Antisense gene that inhibit synthesis of hormone ethylene in transgenic plants 显示文摘 | Hamilton A J Lyett G W Grierson D | 1990 | Nature1990，346，6281： | 1 |
| 18 | Simulation of flexible-link manipulators applying sequential integration method 显示文摘 | Chang L W Hamilton J F | 1991 | Journal of dynamic systems measurement and control1991，113，： | 1 |
| 19 | Melatonin for cashmere production in breeding does 显示文摘 | O'NEILL K LITHERLAND A J HAMILTON G | 1992 | Journal of Pineal Research1992，52，： | 1 |
| 20 | C-2 neurec-tomy during atlantoaxial instrumented fusion in the elderly: patient satisfaction and surgical outcome 显示文摘 | Hamilton D K Smith J S Sansur C A | 2011 | J Neurosurg Spine2011，15，1： | 1 |
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