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| 1 | Biofeedback therapy for dyssynergic defecation显示文摘Dyssynergic defecation is one of the most common forms of functional constipation both in children and adults; it is defined by incomplete evacuation of fecal material from the rectum due to paradoxical contraction or failure to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is believed to be a behavioral disorder because there are no associated morphological or neurological abnormalities, and consequently biofeedback training has been recommended for treatment. Biofeedback involves the use of pressure measurements or averaged electromyographic activity within the anal canal to teach patients how to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is often combined with teaching the patient more appropriate techniques for straining (increasing intra-abdominal pressure) and having the patient practice defecating a water filled balloon. In adults, randomized controlled trials show that this form of biofeedback is more effective than laxatives, general muscle relaxation exercises (described as sham biofeedback), and drugs to relax skeletal muscles. Moreover, its effectiveness is specific to patients who have dyssynergic defecation and not slow transit constipation. However, in children, no clear superiority for biofeedback compared to laxatives has been demonstrated. Based on three randomized controlled studies in the last two years, biofeedback appears to be the preferred treatment for dyssynergic defecation in adults. | Giuseppe Chiarioni Steve Heymen William E Whitehead | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，44： | 44 |
| 2 | Randomized,controlled trialshows biofeedback to be superior to alternative treatments for pa-tients with pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation显示文摘 | Heymen S Scarlett Y Jones K | 2007 | Dis ColonRectum2007，50，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Usefulness of the rescue PT catheter to remove fresh thrombus from coronary arteries and bypassgrafts in acute myocardial infarction 显示文摘 | VAN OMMEN V MICHELS R HEYMEN E | 2001 | Am J Cardiol2001，88，： | 1 |
| 4 | Randomized,controlled trial shows biofeed back to be superior to al- ternative treatments for patients with pelvic floor dys- synergia-type constipation显示文摘 | Heymen S Scarlett Y Jones K | 2007 | Dis Colon Return2007，50，： | 1 |
| 5 | Biofeedback treatment of fecal incontinence:A critical review显示文摘 | Heymen S Jones KR Ringel Y | 2001 | Dis Colon Rectum2001，44，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Biofeedback treatment of constipation : a critical review显示文摘 | Heymen SMS Joes KR | 2003 | Am Soc Col Rect Surg2003，46，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Prognostic significance of rectocele intussusception,and abnormal penneal descent in biofcedback treatment for constipated patients with paradoxical puborectalis contraction显示文摘 | Heymen S Alabaz O | 2000 | Dis Colon Rectum2000，43，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Randomized,controlled trial shows biofeedback to be superior to alternative treatments for patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation显示文摘 | Heymen S Scarlett Y Jones K | 2007 | Dis Colon Rectum2007，50，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Outcome and predictors of success of biofeedback for constipation显示文摘 | Gilliland R Heymen S Altomare DF | 1997 | Br J Surg1997，84，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Outcome and predictors of success of biofeefback for consitipation显示文摘 | Heymen S Altomare DP | 1997 | Br J Surg1997，84，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Randomized,controlled trialss-hows biofeedback to be superior to alternativetreatments for patientswith pelvic floor dyssynergiatype constipation显示文摘 | Heymen S Scarlett YJ ones Ke t al | 2007 | Dis Colon Rec-tum2007，50，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Biofeedback treatment of constipation,a critical review显示文摘 | Heymen S Jones KR Sarlett Y | 2003 | Dis Colon Rectum2003，46，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Biofeedback treatment of constipation:a critical review显示文摘 | Heymen S Jones KR Searlett Y | 2003 | Dis Colon Rectum2003，46，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Biofeedback treatment of constipation :acritical review显示文摘 | Heymen S Jones KR Scarlett Y | 2003 | Dis Colon Rectum2003，46，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Prognostic Significance of rectocele intussusception, and abnormal perineal descent in biofeedback treatment for constipated patients with paradoxical puborectalis contraction 显示文摘 | Heymen S Alabaz O | 2000 | Dis Colon Rectum2000，43，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Randomizedcontrolled trial shows biofeedback to be superior topelvic floor exercises for fecal incontinence显示文摘 | Heymen S Scarlett Y Jones K | 2009 | Dis ColonRectum2009，52，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Randomized controlledtrial shows biofeedback to be superior to pelvic floor exercisesfor fecal incontinence 显示文摘 | Heymen S Scarlett Y Jones K | 2009 | Dis Colon Rectum2009，52，： | 1 |
| 18 | Prospective, randomized trial comparing four biofeedback techniques for patients with constipation显示文摘 | Wexner SD Vickers D | 1999 | Dis Colon Rectum1999，42，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Biofeedback treatment of constipation:a critical review显示文摘 | Heymen S Jones KR Scarlett Y | 2003 | Dis Colon Rectum2003，46，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Biofeedback to be Superior to Alternative Treatments for Patients with Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia-Type Consti- pation显示文摘 | Steve Heymen Yolanda Scarlett Kenneth Jones | 2007 | Dis Colon Rectum2007，50，： | 1 |
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