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| 1 | Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content显示文摘Hepatic steatosis affects 20% to 30% of the general adult population in the western world. Currently, the technique of choice for determining hepatic fat deposition and the stage of fibrosis is liver biopsy. However, it is an invasive procedure and its use is limited, particularly in children. It may also be subject to sampling error. Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can detect hepatic steatosis, but currently cannot distinguish between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, or stage the degree of fibrosis accurately. Ultrasound is widely used to detect hepatic steatosis, but its sensitivity is reduced in the morbidly obese and also in those with small amounts of fatty infiltration. It has been used to grade hepatic fat content, but this is subjective. CT can detect hepatic steatosis, but exposes subjects to ionising radiation, thus limiting its use in longitudinal studies and in children. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques using chemical shift imaging have provided a quantitative assessment of the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration, which correlates well with liver biopsy results in the same patients. Similarly, in vivo 1H MRS is a fast, safe, non-invasive method forthe quantification of intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) levels. Both techniques will be useful tools in future longitudinal clinical studies, either in examining the natural history of conditions causing hepatic steatosis (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), or in testing new treatments for these conditions. | Sanjeev R Mehta E Louise Thomas Jimmy D Bell Desmond G Johnston Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，22： | 21 |
| 2 | An improved small antenna radiation-efficiency measurement method显示文摘 | JOHNSTON R H MCRORY J G | 1998 | IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine1998，40，5： | 2 |
| 3 | Use of Solid State Carbothermic Reduction in Production of Transition Metals and Their Carbides显示文摘Many transition metals are produced by pyrometallurgical procedures which require very considerable amounts of energy, commonly electrical. On the other hand, some transition metals are obtained by employing very complex hydrometallurgical process routes. Solid state carbothermic reduction offers an alternative route for the production of both the metals and their carbides for energy saving and process step elimination.
Consequently, it seemed worth to review the work carried out in this area The metals covered in this brief review are chromium, tungsten, titanium, manganese, niobium and molybdenum. Silicon is also mentioned although it is not a transition metal. | YANG Yin-dong SOMMERVILLE I D JOHNSTON R F McLEAN A | 2000 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2000，7，2： | 2 |
| 4 | Urban Geography: City structure 显示文摘 | Johnston R J | 1997 | Progress in Human Geography1997，2，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Multiple physiological functions for multidrug transporter P glycoprotein显示文摘 | Johnstone R W Ruefli A A Smyth M J | 2000 | Trends Biochem Sci2000，25，1： | 1 |
| 6 | A variable step-size LMS algorithm显示文摘 | Kwong R H Johnston E W | 1992 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing1992，40，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Flow-based multiadsorbate ellipsometric porosimetry for the characterization of mesoporous Pt- TiO2 and Au-TiO2 nanocomposites显示文摘 | May R A Patel M N Johnston K P | 2009 | Langmuir2009，25，8： | 1 |
| 8 | A framework for assessing direct economic impacts of tourist events: distinguishing ori- gins,destinations, and causes of expenditures显示文摘 | TYRRELL T J JOHNSTON R J | 2001 | J Travel Res2001，40，： | 1 |
| 9 | Bile acid and lysolecithin concentration in the stomach of patients with gastric ulcer显示文摘 | Dewar P King R Johnston D | 1983 | Br Jsurg1983，73，： | 1 |
| 10 | J Anita Sci显示文摘 | Johnston L J Fogwell R L Weldon N K | 1989 | 67: 9431989，67，： | 1 |
| 11 | Bandlike and localized defect states in CuInSe2 solar cells显示文摘 | Jehad A M Shama A Johnston S Noufi R | 2005 | Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids2005，66，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Human breast cancer specimens:diffraction-enhanced imaging with histologic correlation-improved conspicuity of lesion detail compared with digital radiography显示文摘 | Pisano E D Johnston R E Chapman D | 2000 | Radiology2000，214，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Chemical durability of silylated polyurethane-based formulations显示文摘 | Patrice Lehmann Robert R Johnston | 1998 | Adhesives Age1998，41，1： | 1 |
| 14 | The measurement and study of very thin lubricant films in concentrated contact显示文摘 | G J Johnston R Wayte H A Spikes | 1991 | Trib Trans1991，34，： | 1 |
| 15 | Nano- alloys : From theory to application of alloy clusters and nanopar- ticles 显示文摘 | FERRANDO R JELLINEK J JOHNSTON R L | 2008 | Chemical Reviews2008，8，3： | 1 |
| 16 | On Frictions of Distance and Regression Coefficients显示文摘 | Johnston R J | 1973 | Area1973，5，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Short-term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA显示文摘 | Johnston S C Gress D R Browner W S | 2000 | JAMA2000，284，22： | 1 |
| 18 | Total water-solu- ble sugars quantificaton in bio-oil using the phenol-sulfuric acid assay显示文摘 | Rover M R Johnston P A Buddhi P | 2013 | JAnal Appl Pyrol2013，104，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Knowledge flow and interfirmnetworks: the influence of network resources, spatialproximity and firm size显示文摘 | HUGGINS R JOHNSTON A | 2010 | Entrepreneurship RegionalDevelopm ent2010，，22： | 1 |
| 20 | Beyond Vertical Integration :The Rise of the Value-added Partnership显示文摘 | R Johnston & P Lawrence | 1988 | Harvard Business Review1988，66，4： | 1 |
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