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| 1 | Engineering Microneedle Patches for Improved Penetration:Analysis,Skin Models and Factors Affecting Needle Insertion显示文摘Transdermal microneedle(MN)patches are a promising tool used to transport a wide variety of active compounds into the skin.To serve as a substitute for common hypodermic needles,MNs must pierce the human stratum corneum(~10 to 20μm),without rupturing or bending during penetration.This ensures that the cargo is released at the predetermined place and time.Therefore,the ability of MN patches to sufficiently pierce the skin is a crucial requirement.In the current review,the pain signal and its management during application of MNs and typical hypodermic needles are presented and compared.This is followed by a discussion on mechanical analysis and skin models used for insertion tests before application to clinical practice.Factors that affect insertion(e.g.,geometry,material composition and cross-linking of MNs),along with recent advancements in developed strategies(e.g.,insertion responsive patches and 3D printed biomimetic MNs using two-photon lithography)to improve the skin penetration are highlighted to provide a backdrop for future research. | Pooyan Makvandi Melissa Kirkby Aaron RJHutton Majid Shabani Cynthia K.Y.Yiu Zahra Baghbantaraghdari Rezvan Jamaledin Marco Carlotti Barbara Mazzolai Virgilio Mattoli Ryan F.Donnelly | 2021 | Nano-Micro Letters2021，13，6： | 5 |
| 2 | A physieally based variable contributing area model of basin hydrology显示文摘 | Beven K J Kirkby M J | 1979 | Hydrological Science Bulletin1979，24，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Nutrient availability limits carbon sequestration in arable soils显示文摘 | Kirkby C A Richardson A E Wade L J | 2014 | Soil Biology & Bio- chemistry2014，68，： | 1 |
| 4 | Stable soil organic matter: A comparison of C : N : P : S ratios in Australian and other world soils显示文摘 | Kirkby C A Kirkegaard J A Richardson A E | 2011 | Geoderma2011，163，34： | 1 |
| 5 | A physicaHy based,variable contributing area model of basin hydrology显示文摘 | Beven K Kirkby M J | 1979 | Hydro Sci Bull1979，24，： | 1 |
| 6 | Routine diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis by an internal DNA controlled HSV PCR and an IgG - capture assay for intrathecal synthesis of HSV anti- bodies显示文摘 | Fomsgaard A Kirkby N Jensen IP | 1998 | Clin Diagn Virol1998，9，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Cyclooxygenase-1,not cyclooxygenase-2,is responsible for physiological production of prostacyclin in the cardiovascular system显示文摘 | Kirkby N Lundberg M Harrington L | 2012 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2012，43，17： | 1 |
| 8 | Cassava green mite in East Africa-A regional approach to research and control显示文摘 | Markham R H Robertson I A D Kirkby R A | 1987 | Insect Science1987，，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Nature and severity of lung func- tion abnormalities in extremely pre-term children at 11 years of age 显示文摘 | Lum S Kirkby J Welsh L | 2011 | Eur Respir J2011，37，5： | 1 |
| 10 | A physically based variable contributing area model of basin hydrology显示文摘 | BEVEN K J KIRKBY M J | 1979 | Hydrological Science Bulletin1979，24，1： | 1 |
| 11 | A physically based,variable contributing area model of basin hydrology显示文摘 | BEBEN K J KIRKBY M J | 1979 | Hydrol Sci Bull Sci Hydrol1979，24，： | 1 |
| 12 | Products of heme oxygenase and their potential therapeutic applications 显示文摘 | Kirkby KA Adin CA | 2006 | Am J Physiol Renal Physiol2006，290，3： | 1 |
| 13 | A comparison of rCBF patterns during letter and semantic fluency 显示文摘 | Gourovitch ML Kirkby BS Goldberg TE | 2000 | Neuropsychol- ogy2000，14，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Effect of mineral nutritional status on shoot-root partioning of photoassimilates and cycling of mineral nutrients显示文摘 | Marschnmer H Kirkby E A Cakmak I | 1996 | Journal of Experimental Botany1996，47，： | 1 |
| 15 | Vitrectomy for retinal detachment with both peripheral retinal breaks and macular hole显示文摘 | O'Driscoll AM Goble RR Kirkby GR | 2001 | Retina2001，21，： | 1 |
| 16 | A physically based variable contributing area model of basin hydrology Hydrol显示文摘 | Beven K J Kirkby M J | 1979 | Hydrological Sciences Bulletin1979，24，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Role of magnesium in carbon partitioning and alleviating photooxidative damage显示文摘 | Cakmak I Kirkby E A | 2008 | Physiol Plantarum2008，133，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Hillsope runoff processes and models 显示文摘 | Kirkby M | 1988 | Journal of Hy- drology1988，100，13： | 1 |
| 19 | A physically based variable contributing area model of basin hydrology显示文摘 | BEVEN K J KIRKBY M J | 1979 | Hydrology Science Bulletin1979，24，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Phosphorus move ment down to a topoeequence from a landscape with texture contrast soils Aust 显示文摘 | Kirkby C A Smythe L J Cox J W | 1997 | Journal Soil Res1997，35，： | 1 |
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