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| 1 | Autoimmune liver serology:Current diagnostic and clinical challenges显示文摘Liver-related autoantibodies are crucial for the correct diagnosis and classification of autoimmune liver diseas-es(AiLD),namely autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2(AIH-1 and 2),primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and the sclerosing cholangitis variants in adults and children.AIH-1 is specified by anti-nuclear antibody(ANA) and smooth muscle antibody(SMA).AIH-2 is specified by antibody to liver kidney microsomal antigen type-1(anti-LKM1) and anti-liver cytosol type 1(anti-LC1).SMA,ANA and anti-LKM antibodies can be present in de-novo AIH following liver transplantation.PBC is specified by antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA) react-ing with enzymes of the 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes(chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit) and disease-specific ANA mainly react-ing with nuclear pore gp210 and nuclear body sp100.Sclerosing cholangitis presents as at least two variants,first the classical primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) mostly affecting adult men wherein the only(and non-specific) reactivity is an atypical perinuclear antineutro-phil cytoplasmic antibody(p-ANCA),also termed peri-nuclear anti-neutrophil nuclear antibodies(p-ANNA) and second the childhood disease called autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis(ASC) with serological features resembling those of type 1 AIH.Liver diagnostic serol-ogy is a fast-expanding area of investigation as new purified and recombinant autoantigens,and automatedtechnologies such as ELISAs and bead assays,become available to complement(or even compete with) tradi-tional immunofluorescence procedures.We survey for the first time global trends in quality assurance impact-ing as it does on(1) manufacturers/purveyors of kits and reagents,(2) diagnostic service laboratories that fulfill clinicians' requirements,and(3) the end-user,the physician providing patient care,who must properly interpret test results in the overall clinical context. | Dimitrios P Bogdanos Diego Vergani Pietro Invernizzi Ian R Mackay | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 40 |
| 2 | 常规脂蛋白检测和载脂蛋白在心血管病预测中的比较显示文摘总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)测量值对于心血管病风险评估至关重要,但对于其他脂质用于风险预测的效用一直存在争议。该研究纳入来自英国生物银行(Biobank)的无基线心血管病、未服用他汀类药物、有相关的脂质指标(n=346 686)的受试者。 | Welsh C Celis-Morales CA Brown R Mackay DF Lewsey J Mark PB Gray SR Ferguson LD Anderson JJ Lyall DM Cleland JG Jhund PS Gill J MR Pell JP Sattar N Welsh P 刘青(译) 叶鹏(摘、审校) | 2019 | 中华高血压杂志2019，27，7： | 10 |
| 3 | Etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by progressive bile duct destruction eventually leading to cirrhosis and liver failure.The serological hallmark of the disease is the presence of circulating antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA).These reflect the presence of autoreactive T and B cells to the culprit antigens,the E2 subunits of mitochondrial 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase enzymes,chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDC-E2).The disease results from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors.Genetic predisposition is indicated by the higher familial incidence of the disease particularly among siblings and the high concordance rate among monozygotic twins.Environmental triggering events appear crucial to disrupt a pre-existing unstable immune tolerance of genetic origin allowing,after a long latency,the emergence of clinical disease.Initiating mimetopes of the vulnerable epitope of the PDC-E2 autoantigen can be derived from microbes that utilize the PDC enzyme or,alternatively,environmental xenobiotics/chemical compounds that modify the structure of native proteins to make them immunogenic.A further alternative as a source of antigen is PDC-E2 derived from apoptotic cells.In the effector phase the biliary ductular cell,by reason of itsproclivity to express the antigen PDC-E2 in the course of apoptosis,undergoes a multilineage immune attack comprised of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and antibody.In this article,we critically review the available evidence on etiopathogenesis of PBC and present interpretations of complex data,new developments and theories,and nominate directions for future research. | Ana Lleo Pietro Invernizzi Ian R Mackay Harry Prince Ren-Qian Zhong M Eric Gershwin | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 9 |
| 4 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 5 | The role of chemokine receptors in primary effector and memory immune responses显示文摘 | Sallusto F Mackay C R Lanzavecchia A | | 0，，： | 3 |
| 6 | Historical reflections on autoimmune hepatitis显示文摘Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),initially known as chronic active or active chronic hepatitis(and by various other names),first came under clinical notice in the late 1940s.However,quite likely,chronic active hepatitis(CAH) had been observed prior to this and was attributed to a persistently destructive virus infection of the liver.An earlier(and controversial) designation in 1956 as lupoid hepatitis was derived from associated L.E.cell test positivity and emphasized accompanying multisystem features and immunological aberrations.Young women featured prominently in early descriptions of CAH.AIH was first applied in 1965 as a descriptive term.Disease-characteristic autoantibodies were defined from the early 1960s,notably antinuclear antibody(ANA),smooth muscle antibody(SMA) and liver-kidney microsomal(LKM) antibody.These are still widely used diagnostically but their relationship to pathogenesis is still not evident.A liver and disease specific autoantigen has long been searched for but unsuccessfully.Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy with predisolone and azathioprine in the 1960s proved beneficial and remains standard therapy today.AIH like many other autoimmune diseases is associated with particular HLA alleles especially with the 'ancestral' B8,DR3 haplotype,and also with DR4.Looking forwards,AIH is one of the several enigmatic autoimmune diseases that,despite being(relatively) organ specific,are marked by autoimmune reactivities with non-organ-specific autoantigens.New paradigms are needed to explain the occurrence,expressions and pathogenesis of such diseases. | Ian R Mackay | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 2 |
| 7 | Molecular cloning of three cDNAs that encode cysteine proteinases in the digestive gland of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) 显示文摘 | Laycock M V Mackay R M Di Fruscio M | 1991 | FEBS Lett1991，292，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Reverse micellar synthesis of a nanoparticle/polymer composite 显示文摘 | Pavel F M Mackay R A | 2000 | Langmuir2000，16，23： | 1 |
| 9 | Modeling tetracycline antibiotic sorption to clays显示文摘 | Figueroa R A Leonard A MacKay A A | 2003 | Environmental Science & Technology2003，38，2： | 1 |
| 10 | identification of the 72- kDa(MMP - 2)and 92 - kDa(MMP - 9)gelatinase type iv collar - genase in preparations of laminin and Matrigel 显示文摘 | Mackay A R Gomez D E Cottam D W | 1993 | Biotech - niques1993，15，： | 1 |
| 11 | Imaging and velocity estimation with depth-focusing analysis显示文摘 | MacKay S Abma R | 1992 | Geophysics1992，57，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes 显示文摘 | MACKAY D J C NEAL R M | 1997 | Electronics Letters1997，33，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes 显示文摘 | Mackay D J C Neal R M | 1996 | Electronics Letters1996，33，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Genetic control of so- matic embryogenesis initiation in loblolly pine and implications for breeding显示文摘 | MacKay J J Becwar M R Park Y S | 2006 | Tree Genet Genomes2006，2，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Human interleukin-I0 suppresses production of inflammatory mediators by LPS-stimulated equine peritoneal macrophages显示文摘 | Hawkins D L Mackay R J Mackay S L | 1998 | Veterinary Immunology & Immunopathology1998，66，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes显示文摘 | MACKAY D J C and NEAL R M | 1996 | Electronics Letters1996，32，18： | 1 |
| 17 | Modeling tetracycline antibiotic sorotion to clays显示文摘 | Figueroa R A Leonard A MacKay A A | 2004 | Environ Sci Technol2004，38，2： | 1 |
| 18 | The nucleoporin Nup153 has separable roles in both early mitotic progression and the resolution of mitosis显示文摘 | Douglas R Mackay Suzanne W | 2009 | Molbiolcell2009，20，6： | 1 |
| 19 | A new approach to varietal identification in plants by microsatellite high resolution melting analysis: application to the verification of grapevine and olive cultivars显示文摘 | Mackay J F Wright C D Bonfiglioli R G | 2008 | Plant Methods2008，4，： | 1 |
| 20 | Pictorial Element of Destination in Image Formarion显示文摘 | MacKay K J Fesenmaier D R | 1997 | Annals of Tourism Research1997，24，3： | 1 |
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