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| 1 | Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era显示文摘Detailed global plate motion models that provide a continuous description of plate boundaries through time are an effective tool for exploring processes both at and below the Earth's surface. A new generation of numerical models of mantle dynamics pre-and post-Pangea timeframes requires global kinematic descriptions with full plate reconstructions extending into the Paleozoic(410 Ma). Current plate models that cover Paleozoic times are characterised by large plate speeds and trench migration rates because they assume that lowermost mantle structures are rigid and fixed through time. When used as a surface boundary constraint in geodynamic models, these plate reconstructions do not accurately reproduce the present-day structure of the lowermost mantle. Building upon previous work, we present a global plate motion model with continuously closing plate boundaries ranging from the early Devonian at 410 Ma to present day.We analyse the model in terms of surface kinematics and predicted lower mantle structure. The magnitude of global plate speeds has been greatly reduced in our reconstruction by modifying the evolution of the synthetic Panthalassa oceanic plates, implementing a Paleozoic reference frame independent of any geodynamic assumptions, and implementing revised models for the Paleozoic evolution of North and South China and the closure of the Rheic Ocean. Paleozoic(410-250 Ma) RMS plate speeds are on average ~8 cm/yr, which is comparable to Mesozoic-Cenozoic rates of ~6 cm/yr on average.Paleozoic global median values of trench migration trend from higher speeds(~2.5 cm/yr) in the late Devonian to rates closer to 0 cm/yr at the end of the Permian(~250 Ma), and during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic(250-0 Ma) generally cluster tightly around ~1.1 cm/yr. Plate motions are best constrained over the past 130 Myr and calculations of global trench convergence rates over this period indicate median rates range between 3.2 cm/yr and 12.4 cm/yr with a present day median rate estimated at~5 cm/yr. For Paleozoic times(410-251 Ma) our model results in median convergence rates largely~5 cm/yr. Globally,~90% of subduction zones modelled in our reconstruction are determined to be in a convergent regime for the period of 120-0 Ma. Over the full span of the model, from 410 Ma to 0 Ma,~93% of subduction zones are calculated to be convergent, and at least 85% of subduction zones are converging for 97% of modelled times. Our changes improve global plate and trench kinematics since the late Paleozoic and our reconstructions of the lowermost mantle structure challenge the proposed fixity of lower mantle structures, suggesting that the eastern margin of the African LLSVP margin has moved by as much as ~1450 km since late Permian times(260 Ma). The model of the plate-mantle system we present suggests that during the Permian Period, South China was proximal to the eastern margin of the African LLSVP and not the western margin of the Pacific LLSVP as previous thought. | Alexander Young Nicolas Flament Kayla Maloney Simon Williams Kara Matthews Sabin Zahirovic R.Dietmar Müller | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，3： | 10 |
| 2 | A multicenter trial of photorefractive keratectomy for residual myopia after previous ocular surgery显示文摘 | Maloney RK chan WK Steinert R Hersh P O' Connell M | 1995 | Ophthalmology1995，102，7： | 1 |
| 3 | Effects of high copper supplements on performance, health, plasma copper and enzymes in goats显示文摘 | Solaiman S G Maloney M A Qureshi M A Davis G D'Andrea G | 2001 | Small Ruminant Research2001，41，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Childhood Trauma and Risk for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome显示文摘 | Heim C Nater U M Maloney E | 2009 | Arch Gen Psychiatry2009，66，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Stresses and strains in the medial meniscus of an ACL deficient knee under anterior loading:a finite element analysis with image-based experimental validation显示文摘 | Yao J Snibbe J Maloney M | 2006 | J Biomech Eng2006，128，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Modern particleboard and dry-process fiberboard manufacturing显示文摘 | Maloney T M | 1997 | Miller Freeman Publication1997，，： | 1 |
| 7 | An angiotensin - 1 converting enzyme polymorphism is associated with allostatic load mediated by Creactive protein, interleukin - 6 and cortisol 显示文摘 | Smith A K Maloney E M Falkenberg V R | 2009 | Psy- choneuroendocfinology2009，34，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Ecology:Let's hear from the people:An objective scale for the measurement of ecological attitudes and knowledge显示文摘 | Maloney M P Ward M P | 1973 | American Psychologist1973，28，7： | 1 |
| 9 | Visual performance after photorefractive keratectomy:A prospective study显示文摘 | Verdon W Bullimore M Maloney R K | 1996 | Arch Ophthalmol1996，144，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Lymphoma regression induced by monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies correlated with their ability to induce Ig signal transduction and is not prevented by tumor expression of high levels of bcl-2 protein显示文摘 | Vuist W M Levy R Maloney D G | 1994 | Blood1994，83，： | 1 |
| 11 | Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence: Mexico 1985-- 2002显示文摘 | Aroca P Bosch M Maloney W F | 2005 | World Bank Economic Review2005，19，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Anaerobic trealrnent of army ammunition production wastewater containing perchlo -rote and RDX显示文摘 | Atikovic E Suidan M T Maloney S W | 2008 | Chemosphere2008，72，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Phase I clinical trial using escalating single-dose infusion of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody(IDEC-C2B8) in patients with recurrent B-cell lymphoma显示文摘 | Maloney K G Liles T M Czerwinski D K | 1994 | Blood1994，84，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Ecology: let’s hear from the people: anobjective scale for the measurement of ecological attitudes andknowledge 显示文摘 | Maloney M P Ward M P | 1973 | American Psychologist1973，28，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Stresses and strains in the medial meniscus of an ACL deficient knee under anterior loading:a finite element analysis with image-based experimental validation显示文摘 | Yao J Snibbe J Maloney M | 2006 | J Biomech Eng2006，128，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Psychology in action : A revised scale for the measurement of ecologi- cal attitudes and knowledge 显示文摘 | MALONEY M P WARD M P BRAUCHT G N | 1975 | American Psychologist1975，30，： | 1 |
| 17 | A revised scale for themeasurement of ecological attitude and knowledge 显示文摘 | Maloney M P Ward M P Braucht G N | 1975 | AmericanPsychologist1975，30，7： | 1 |
| 18 | The effect of splitting on the ex: A microstructure reconciliation 显示文摘 | Maloney M T Mulherin J H | 1992 | Financial Management1992，21，： | 1 |
| 19 | CTLA4lg-induced linked regulation of allogeneic T cell responses 显示文摘 | Lee R S Rusche J R Maloney M E | 2001 | Transplant Proc2001，33，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Visual performance after photorefractive keratectomy显示文摘 | Werdon W Bullimore M Maloney RK | 1996 | Ach Ophthalmol1996，114，： | 1 |
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