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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Testing for HCV Infection: An Update of Guidance for Clinicians and Laboratorians显示文摘 | Getchell Jane P Wroblewski Kelly E DeMaria Alfred Bean Christine L Parker Monica M Pandori Mark Dufour D Robert Busch Michael P Brecher Mark E Meyer William A Pesano Rick L Teo Chong-Gee Beckett Geoffrey A Araujo Aufra C Branson Bernard M D | 2013 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report2013，，18： | 3 |
| 3 | Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and the pancreatic incidentaloma显示文摘Asymptomatic pancreatic lesions(APL) are a commonly encountered problem in today's pancreatic surgical practices.Current literature regarding etiologies and incidence of APLs,particularly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN),is presented.APLs constitute a wide spectrum of pathology(solid/cystic,benign/premalignant/malignant) but,overall,IPMN is now the most common diagnosis.The Sendai Guidelines and their function as a basis for risk stratification in branch duct IPMN are presented.The importance of traditionally analyzed cyst characteristics including size,presence of mucin or nodules and cyst fluid aspirate as indicators of malignancy is emphasized,noting also the potential correlation of main duct dilatation,thickened septae and elevated cyst fluid CEA with increased risk of malignancy.Current complication rates after resection of APLs are reviewed and found to be generally equivalent to those for symptomatic resections.A potential multidisciplinary treatment strategy is offered considering the costs of surgery versus repeated imaging or follow up endoscopy for these lesions.The decision for intervention is ultimately based on the Sendai Guidelines in the context of the individual patient. | Tara S Kent Charles M Vollmer Jr Mark P Callery | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2010，2，10： | 3 |
| 4 | Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study显示文摘 | Mark S Pearce Jane A Salotti Mark P Little Kieran McHugh Choonsik Lee Kwang Pyo Kim Nicola L Howe Cecile M Ronckers Preetha Rajaraman Alan W Craft Louise Parker Amy Berrington de González | 2012 | The Lancet . 2012 (9840)2012，，： | 3 |
| 5 | Effect of graft source on unrelated donor haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in adults with acute leukaemia: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | Mary Eapen Vanderson Rocha Guillermo Sanz Andromachi Scaradavou Mei-Jie Zhang William Arcese Anne Sirvent Richard E Champlin Nelson Chao Adrian P Gee Luis Isola Mary J Laughlin David I Marks Samir Nabhan Annalisa Ruggeri Robert Soiffer Mary M Horowitz Eli | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，7： | 2 |
| 6 | Metabolic engineering of astaxanthin production in tobacco flowers显示文摘 | VARDA M MARK H IRIS P | 2000 | Nat Biotechnol2000，18，： | 1 |
| 7 | On the 'downward control'of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces显示文摘 | Haynes P H C J Marks M E McIntyre | 1991 | J Atmoa Sci1991，48，： | 1 |
| 8 | An increased understanding of soil organic carbon stocks and changes in non-temperate areas:national and global implications显示文摘 | ELEANOR M KEITH P MARK E | 2007 | Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment2007，122，： | 1 |
| 9 | Coral decline threatens fish biodiversity in marine reserves显示文摘 | GEOFFREY P J MARK I M MAYA S | 2004 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA2004，101，： | 1 |
| 10 | In vivo fluorescence imaging with high resolution microlenses显示文摘 | Robert P J Bernhard M Mark J S | | 0，，07： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of yttrium and lanthanum on the final-stage sintering behavior of ultrahigh-purity alumina 显示文摘 | Fang Jinxin Mark T A Harmer M P | 1997 | Journal of the American Ceramic Society1997，80，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Treatment of traumatic cervical arteriovenous fistulas with N-butyl-2- cyanoacrylate 显示文摘 | Jayaraman M V Do H M Marks M P | 2007 | Am J Neuroradiol2007，28，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Histone deacetylase inhibitors:overview and perspectives显示文摘 | Dokmanovic M Clarke C Marks P A | 2007 | Mol Cancer Res2007，5，10： | 1 |
| 14 | On the 'downward control'of the extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces显示文摘 | Haynes P H M E Marks T G Shepherd | 1991 | J Atmos Sci1991，48，： | 1 |
| 15 | Homeobox genes in embryogenesis and pathogenesis 显示文摘 | Mark M Rijli F M Chambon P | 1997 | Pediatric Research1997，42，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: A review 显示文摘 | MARK P S ALEXIS M P JERAWALA H | 2006 | Biomaterials2006，27，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Histone deacetylase inhibitors as new anticancer drugs显示文摘 | Marks P A Richon V M Breslow R | 2001 | Curr Opin Oncol2001，13，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Problematic Internet use or Internet addiction^显示文摘 | Yellowlees P M Marks S | 2007 | Computers in Human Behavior2007，23，3： | 1 |
| 19 | The perceived impact of JIT implementation on firms’financial/growth performance显示文摘 | AZMI A SATISH M MARK P | 2004 | Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management2004，，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Angioplasty for Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis : Clinical Outcome 显示文摘 | Marks M P Wojak J C Al-Ali F | 2006 | Stroke2006，37，： | 1 |
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