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| 1 | A New Discipline of Science-The Study of Open Complex Giant System and Its Methodology显示文摘This paper introduces the conception of open complex giant system and the methodology for dealing with the system, with stress on its profound significance in development of science and technology. The authors conclude that the reductionism underlying the exact science is not suitable to open complex giant system, and the only feasible alternative is the meta-synthetic engineering from the qualitative to the quantitative. | Qian XuesenChina Association for Science and Technology, Beijing 100863, ChinaYu JingyuanBeijing Institute of Information and Control, P.O.Box 824, Beijing 100037, ChinaDai RuweiInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China | 1993 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics1993，4，2： | 28 |
| 2 | Efficient Management of Nitrogen Fertilizers for Flooded Rice in Relation to Nitrogen Transformations in Flooded Soils显示文摘Recent progresses in efficient management of nitrogen fertilizers for flooded rice in relation to nitrogen transformations in flooded soil were reviewed.Considerable progress has been achieved in the investigation on the mechanism of ammonia loss and the factors affecting it .However,little progress has been obtained in the investigations on nitrification-denitrification loss owing to the lack of method for estimating the fluxes of gaseous N products.Thus,so far the management practices developed or under investigation primarily for reducing ammonia loss are feasible or promising,while those for reducing nitrification-denitrification loss seem obscure,except the point deep placement. In addition,it was emphasized that the prediction of soil N supply and the recommendation of the optimal rate of N application based on it are only semi-quantitative.The priorities in research for improving the prediction are indicated. | ZHU ZHAO-LIANGLMCP, Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, P.O.Box 821, Nanjing 210008 (China) | 1992 | Pedosphere1992，2，2： | 28 |
| 3 | Studies on gallstone in China显示文摘INTRODCTlONGallstone is one of the common primary diseases of bile system. Chinese researchers have done comprehensive and thorough studies on it, but there are still some problems we have not solved. It is necessary to review the achievements we have made in this field recently, to summarize the experiences and find the tendency so as to provide a sound foundation for the researches in the new century. Due to the popularization of molecular biological research methods, a rapid development of modern imaging techniques and medical equipment, the basic and clinical studies of cholelithiasis have set foot on the fast lane. Studies on the cause of cholelithiasis formation and its prevention have covered areas from epidemiological investigation at macroscopical level to molecular biological researches at microcosmic level. Clinical studies include prevention and treatment of cholelithiasis with traditional Chinese medicine, popularization of micro-injury surgery,treatment of complicated calculus of bile duct, and other aspects. | Jing-Sen Shi~1 Jing-Yun Ma~2 Li-Hong Zhu~2 Bo-Rong Pan~2 Zuo-Ren Wang~2 Lian-Sheng Ma~2 1 Research Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Surgery,First Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University2 The WJG Press,P.O.Box 2345,Beijing 100023,China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，5： | 19 |
| 4 | Transient Free Convection and Thermal Stratification in Uniformly-Heated Partially-Filled Horizontal Cylindrical and Spherical Vessels显示文摘Anintegral approach has been used to analyze the development of the free convection boundary layer on heated concave surfaces,such as those in horizontal cylinders or a sphere,Based on the non-dimensional laminar and turbulent velocity and temperature profiles closed form expressions for the boundary layer thickness,velocity scale as well as the boundary layer commencement after the point of instability are obtained.In addition,the mass flowrate to the thermal stratified rgeion is given. | C.M.Yu Professor,Department of Thermal Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,ChinaN.U.Aydemir Atomic Energy of Canada Limited,Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment,Pinawa,Manitoba,ROE 1LO,CanadaJ.E.S.Venart Fire Science Centre,University of New Brunswick,P.O.Box 4400,Fredericton,NB E3B 5A3,Canada | 1992 | Journal of Thermal Science1992，1，2： | 13 |
| 5 | The attractor of the stochastic generalized Ginzburg-Landau equation显示文摘The stochastic generalized Ginzburg-Landau equation with additive noise can be solved pathwise and the unique solution generates a random system.Then we prove the random system possesses a global random attractor in H01. | GUO BoLing~1 WANG GuoLian~(2+) Li DongLong~3 1 Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics,P.O.Box 8009,Beijing 100088,China 2 The Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics,P.O.Box 2101,Beijing 100088,China 3 Department of Information and Computer Science,Guangxi University of Technology,Liuzhou 545006,China | 2008 | Science China Mathematics2008，51，5： | 11 |
| 6 | Dynamic behaviors of cavitation bubble for the steady cavitating flow显示文摘In this paper, by introducing the flow velocity item into the classical Rayleigh-Plesset dynamic equation, a newequation, which does not involve the time term and can describe the motion of cavitation bubble in the steadycavitating flow, has been obtained. By solving the new motion equation using Runge-Kutta fourth order methodwith adaptive step size control, the dynamic behaviors of cavitation bubble driven by the varying pressure fielddownstream of a venturi cavitation reactor are numerically simulated. The effects of liquid temperature (correspondingto the saturated vapor pressure of liquid), cavitation number and inlet pressure of venturi on radial motionof bubble and pressure pulse due to the radial motion are analyzed and discussed in detail. Some dynamicbehaviors of bubble different from those in previous papers are displayed. In addition, the internal relationshipbetween bubble dynamics and process intensification is also discussed. The simulation results reported in thiswork reveal the variation laws of cavitation intensity with the flow conditions of liquid, and will lay a foundationfor the practical application of hydrodynamic cavitation technology. | Jun CAI,Xiulan HUAI and Xunfeng LIInstitute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,P.O.Box 2706,Beijing 100190,China Professor | 2009 | Journal of Thermal Science2009，18，4： | 9 |
| 7 | ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF FINITE L-SHAPED BEAM WITH TRAVELLING WAVE APPROACH显示文摘In this paper,the disturbance propagation and active vibration control of a finite L-shaped beam are studied.The dynamic response of the structure is obtained by the travelling wave approach.The active vibration suppression of the finite L-shaped beam is performed based on the structural vibration power flow.In the numerical calculation,the influences of the near field effect of the error sensor and the small error of the control forces on the control results are all considered.The simulation results indicate that the structural vibration response in the medium and high frequency regions can be effectively computed by the travelling wave method.The effect of the active control by controlling the power flow is much better than that by controlling the acceleration in some cases.And the control results by the power flow method are slightly affected by the locations of the error sensor and the small error of the control forces. | Chunchuan Liu Fengming Li1 Wenhu Huang(P.O.Box 137,School of Astronautics,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China) | 2010 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica2010，23，5： | 8 |
| 8 | Design of multiple anti-windup loops for multiple activations显示文摘This paper considers anti-windup design for linear systems subject to actuator saturation.Three anti-windup gains are designed for activations immediately at the occurrence actuator saturation,after the saturation has reached a certain level and in anticipation of the occurrence of saturation,respectively.The design is based on the minimization of L 2 gain from the disturbance to the controlled output of the resulting closed-loop system.Traditional anti-windup scheme involves a single anti-windup loop for immediate activation.A recent innovation is to design a single anti-windup loop for delayed or anticipatory activation,as well as to design two anti-windup gains,one for immediate activation and one for delayed activation.Our design of three anti-windup gains for three different activations is shown through simulation to lead to significant further performance improvement over the previous activation schemes. | WU XiongJun 1,2 & LIN Zongli 3,1 1 Department of Automation,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing,Ministry of Education of China,Shanghai 200240,China 2 No.802 Institute of Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology,the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation,Shanghai 200090,China 3 Charles L.Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,University of Virginia,P.O.Box 400743,Charlottesville,VA 22904-4743,USA | 2012 | Science China(Information Sciences)2012，55，9： | 5 |
| 9 | EFFECT OF LAND USE CHANGE ON RUNOFFAND SEDIMENT YIELD显示文摘Runoff and sediment yield are greatly affected by the type of land use. The paper studies the influenceof agriculture, husbandry, mining and urban development, demonstrates the law of variation in sedimentyield during the processes of land use changes. Land use changes from forest to agriculture, grassland tofarm field and slope plough land to terrace field exhibit the same law influencing the sediment yield.During the transforming period the sediment yield is higher than those of either land used and is provedto be equal to he sum of the sediment yields of the two types of land use. This is named thesuperposition law of land use transtbrmation. The correlation between the percentage of forest coveragewith the runoff and sediment yields indicates that the runoff yield reduce to the minimum and thesediment yield is nearly zero if the coverage is higher than 60%. Whereas the runoff is doubled andsediment is tripled for 10% reduction in the forest coverage if the coverage is between 30-60%. Miningand urbanization increase the sediment yield in the development period. | Xiangdong Wang and Zhao-Yin Wang(Dr. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-power Research, P.O.Box 366. Beijing 100044. China)(Prof. International Research and Training Center on Sedimentation and Erosion. P.O.Box 366, Beijing 100044,China.)Notes: | 1999 | International Journal of Sediment Research1999，14，4： | 5 |
| 10 | CONTROLLING HIGHTEMPERATURE DEFORMATION BY VARYING MICROSTRUCTURE IN A Ti47Al2Cr2Nb ALLOY显示文摘A Ti 47Al 2Cr 2Nb alloy was made by powder extrusion methods. By varying extrusion temperature, different microstructures were produced. At an extrusion temperature of 1 400 ℃ (above α transus), a uniform, fully lamellar structure was observed. In contrast, when powders were extruded at 1 150 ℃, an inhomogeneous microstructure consisting of γ,α 2 and metastable β phases was obtained. It was demonstrated that, while alloy extruded at 1 400 ℃ exhibited an excellent creep resistance, alloy with the same composition extruded at 1 150 ℃ exhibited superplasticity. The good creep resistance was resulted from the presence of fine lamellae which restrict dislocation slip within γ grains. These fine lamellae also promote the nucleation of deformation twins which impede dislocation glide along the interfaces ( γ/γ and γ/α 2) and, thus, reduces creep rate. In the case of low temperature extrusion, an elongation value of over 300% was obtained at a strain rate of 2×10 -5 s -1 and at a temperature as low as 800 ℃, which is close to the ductile to brittle transition temperature. This is in contrast to the prior major observations of superplastic behaviors in TiAl in which typical temperatures of 1 000 ℃ have usually been required for superplasticity. It was proposed that the occurrence of superplasticity at 800 ℃ is caused by the presence of a B2 phase which, during superplastic deformation (grain boundary sliding), accommodates sliding strains to reduce the propensity for cavitation at grain triple junctions and, thus, delays the fracture process. | T.G.Nieh and J.Wadsworth Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-369, P.O.Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.A. | 1999 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版1999，9，S1： | 5 |
| 11 | Several splittings for non-Hermitian linear systems显示文摘For large sparse non-Hermitian positive definite system of linear equations,we present several variants of the Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting(HSS)about the coefficient matrix and establish correspondingly several HSS-based iterative schemes.Theoretical analyses show that these methods are convergent unconditionally to the exact solution of the referred system of linear equations,and they may show advantages on problems that the HSS method is ineffiective. | BAI Zhong-Zhi State Key Laboratory of Scientific/Engineering Computing,Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing,Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,P.O.Box 2719,Beijing 100080,China | 2008 | Science China Mathematics2008，51，8： | 4 |
| 12 | Evaluating the effect of dislocation on the photovoltaic performance of metamorphic tandem solar cells显示文摘The photovoltaic conversion efficiency for monolithic GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction cell with various bandgap combination (300 suns,AM1.5d) was theoretically calculated.An impressive improvement on conversion efficiency was observed for a bandgap combination of 1.708,1.194,and 0.67 eV.A theoretical investigation was carried out on the effect of dislocation on the metamorphic structure’s efficiency by regarding dislocation as minority-carrier recombination center.The results showed that only when dislocation density was less than 1.6×106 cm-2,can this metamorphic combination exhibit its efficiency advantage over the fully-matched combination.In addition,we also briefly evaluated the lattice misfit dependence of the dislocation density for a group of metamorphic triple-junction system,and used it as guidance for the choice of the proper cell structure. | ZHANG Han1,CHEN NuoFu2,3,WANG Yu1,ZHANG XingWang1,YIN ZhiGang1,SHI HuiWei1,WANG YanSuo1,HUANG TianMao1,BAI YiMing2 & FU Zhen11 Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science,Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,P.O.Box 912,Beijing 100083,China 2 School of Renewable Energy Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China 3 State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，9： | 4 |
| 13 | Exponential Attractors for the Generalized Ginzburg-Landau Equation | Boling Guo Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P.O.Box 8009,Beijing,100088,P.R.ChinaBixiang Wang Department of Mathematics,Brigham Young University,Provo,UT84602,USA | 2000 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2000，16，3： | 4 |
| 14 | Blade Parameterization and Aerodynamic Design Optimization for a 3D Transonic Compressor Rotor显示文摘现在的纸为与快速的 3D 片和格子生成器( RAPID3DGRID )相结合的 turbomachinery 的空气动力学的设计描述优化方法论,一个 N.S 解答者,一个片 parameterization 方法( BPM ),一个基于坡度的 analyseparameterization 方法( GPAM ),有激增的一个反应表面方法( RSM )算法和一个简单坡度方法。由片 parameterization 方法的使用,一个接近音速的压缩机转子能被一套多项式表示,然后它使我们能转变表示坐标的片数据到表示参数然后减少参数的数字。与改变任何一个参数,我们能获得几组样品。这里,仅仅十个参数被认为寻找一个优化压缩机转子。由于优化,断热的效率被 1.73% 增加。 | Naixing Chen Hongwu Zhang Yanji Xu Weiguang Huang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,P.O.Box 2706,Beijing 100080,CHINA.E-mail:nxc@mail.etp.ac.cn Fax:+8610-62573335 | 2007 | Journal of Thermal Science2007，16，2： | 4 |
| 15 | 秦山核电站考验组件单棒燃耗测量显示文摘应用燃耗监测体法(以￣(137)Cs和￣(148)Nd为监测体)和重同位素比值法测量秦山核电站考验组件中2号元件棒的燃耗。沿元件棒铀向不同位置切割出7个切片作为分析试样。由￣(148)Nd监测体法和比值法得到的燃耗值相互符合得很好。￣(137)Cs法的结果却存在一些差别。根据燃耗轴向分布曲线计算出全棒平均燃耗值为2.57×10￣4MWd/t(U),误差1.7%。此外,还测量Pu的含量和同位素比值。 | BURN-UP GROUP(China Institute of Atomic Energy,P.O.Box 275,Beijing,102413) | 1994 | 原子能科学技术1994，28，4： | 3 |
| 16 | ABOUT THE BASIC INTEGRAL VARIANTS OF HOLONOMIC NONCONSERVATIVE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS显示文摘In this paper,we prove that for holonomic nonconservative dynamical system the Poincareand Poincaré-Cartan integral invariants do not exist.Instead of them,we introduce the integral variants ofPoincaré Cartan’s type and of Poincaré’s type for holonomie noneonservative dynamical systems,and usethese variants to solve the problem of nonlinear vibration.We also prove that the integral invariants intro-duced in references[1]and[2]are merely the basic integral variants given by this paper. | Liu Duan Luo Yong (Beijing Institute of Technology)Xin Shenyu (P.O.Box 22,Datong,Shanxi) | 1991 | Acta Mechanica Sinica1991，7，2： | 3 |
| 17 | Preconditioners for higher order edge finite element discretizations of Maxwell's equations显示文摘In this paper,we are concerned with the fast solvers for higher order edge finite element discretizations of Maxwell's equations.We present the preconditioners for the first family and second family of higher order N′ed′elec element equations,respectively.By combining the stable decompositions of two kinds of edge finite element spaces with the abstract theory of auxiliary space preconditioning,we prove that the corresponding condition numbers of our preconditioners are uniformly bounded on quasi-uniform grids.We also present some numerical experiments to demonstrate the theoretical results. | ZHONG LiuQiang1,2,SHU Shi1,2,SUN DuDu3&TAN Lin4 1School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China 2Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering,Xiangtan 411105,China 3Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing,Academy of Mathematicsand Systems Science,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy Sciences,P.O.Box 2719,Beijing 100190,China 4Department of Math-Physics,Nanhua University,Hengyang 421001,China | 2008 | Science China Mathematics2008，51，8： | 3 |
| 18 | Measurement of Neutron Capture Cross Section for ^(180)Hf | Chen Jinxiang Shi Zhaomin Tang Guoyou Zhang Guohui Institute of Heavy Ion Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871Lu Hanlin Han Xiaogang Huang Xiaolong China Institute of Atomic Energy,P.O.Box 275(3),Beijing 102413 | 1997 | Chinese journal of nuclear physics1997，，2： | 3 |
| 19 | Some Techniques for Solving Ordinary Differential Equations with Discontinuities in Real-time Simulation显示文摘SomeTechniquesforSolvingOrdinaryDifferentialEquationswithDiscontinuitiesinReal-timeSimulation￥XieYajun;LiuDegui&LiBohu(Beijin... | Xie Yajun Liu Degui & Li Bohu(Beijing Institute of Computer Application and Simulation Technology,P.O.Box 3929,Beijing 100854,P.R.China) | 1996 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics1996，7，3： | 2 |
| 20 | CYCLIC HYSTERESIS ENERGY OF CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS显示文摘Based on the low-cycle fatigue tests of carbon and alloy steels,the cyclic properties ofhysteresis energy and its changing rules have been analysed.The mathematical formula ofcyclic hysteresis energy of the materials with different cyclic properties have been presented.The total absorbed energy to failure is associated with the variation of cyclic hysteresisenergy. | TONG Xiaoyan WANG Dejun XU Hao Northeast University of Technology,Shenyang,China TONG Xiaoyan P.O.Box 180,Northeast University of Technology,Shenyang 110006,China | 1990 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1990，3，2： | 2 |
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