|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | Proton pump inhibitor-associated pneumonia:Not a breath of fresh air after all?显示文摘Over the past two decades,proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)have emerged as highly effective and relatively safe agents for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders.Unfortunately,this desirable pharmacological profile has also contributed to superfluous and widespread use in both the inpatient and outpatient settings.While generally well-tolerated,research published over the last decade has associated these agents with increased risks of Clostridium difficile disease, fractures likely due to calcium malabsorption and both community-acquired(CAP)and hospital-acquired pneumonias(HAP).The mechanism behind PPI-associated pneumonia may be multifactorial,but is thought to stem from compromising the stomach's'acid mantle'against gastric colonization of acid-labile pathogenic bacteria which then may be aspirated.A secondary postulate is that PPIs,through their inhibition of extra-gastric H+/K+ATPase enzymes,may reduce the acidity of the upper aerodigestive tract,thus resulting in increased bacterial colonization of the larynx,esophagus and lungs.To date,several retrospective case control studies have been published looking at the association between PPI use and CAP.Some studies found a temporal relationship between PPI exposure and the incidence of pneumonia,but only two could define a dose-response re-lationship.Furthermore,other studies found an inverse correlation between duration of PPI use and risk of CAP. In terms of HAP,we reviewed two retrospective cohort studies and one prospective study.One retrospective study in a medical ICU found no increased association of HAP in PPI-exposed patients compared to no acid-lowering therapy,while the other in cardiothoracic surgery patients showed a markedly increased risk compared to those receiving H2RAs.The one prospective study in ICU patients showed an increased risk of HAP with PPIs, but not with H2RAs.In conclusion,the current literature shows a slight trend toward an association between PPI use and pneumonia and an increased risk with PPIs over H2RAs,but the findings are not consistent across all studies.Larger controlled trials still need to be done to better identify the risk that PPIs impart towards patients contracting CAP or HAP.Until these are completed, we will have to continue to extrapolate across smaller controlled trials to predict the associated risks in our respective patient populations.In the interim,it appears prudent to limit the use of PPIs to situations where they are clinically indicated and,in such cases,use them at the lowest effective dose.In the case of prescribing for stress ulcer prophylaxis in ICU patients,perhaps H2RAs should be used as the preferred agents over PPIs. | Alexander L Fohl Randolph E Regal | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2011，2，3： | 12 |
| 2 | Hepatic intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres in the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: A case report显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs with a reported frequency of 12%-18% after liver transplantation. Recurrence is associated with a mortality rate exceeding 75%. Approximately one-third of recurrences develop in the transplanted liver and are therefore amenable to local therapy. A variety of treatment modalities have been reported including resection, transarterial chemo- embolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), ethanol ablation, cryoablation, and external beam irradiation. Goals of treatment are tumor control and the minimization of toxic effect to functional parenchyma. Efficacy of treatment is mitigated by the need for ongoing immunosuppression. Yttrium-90 microspheres have been used as a treatment modality both for primary HCC and for pre-transplant management of HCC with promising results. Twenty-two months after liver transplantation for hepatitis C cirrhosis complicated by HCC, a 42-year old man developed recurrence of HCC in his transplant allograft. Treatment of multiple right lobe lesions with anatomic resection and adjuvant chemotherapy was unsuccessful. Multifocal recurrence in the remaining liver allograft was treated with hepatic intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres (SIR-Spheres, Sirtex Medica Inc., Lake Forest, IL, USA). Efficacy was demonstrated by tumor necrosis on imaging and a decrease in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. There were no adverse consequences of initial treatment. | Louis Rivera Huan Giap William Miller Jonathan Fisher Donald J Hillebrand Christopher Marsh Randolph L Schaffer | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，35： | 6 |
| 3 | Chemical and cultural control of the sunflower moth in Texas显示文摘 | Teetes G L Randolph N M | 1969 | J Econ Entomol1969，62，： | 1 |
| 4 | Note on haploid frequencies显示文摘 | Randolph L F | 1940 | Maize Genet Coop New Lett1940，14，： | 1 |
| 5 | Efficacy of betaine as a carcass modifier in finishing pigs fed normal and reduced energy diets显示文摘 | Cromwell G L Lindemann M D Randolph J R | 1999 | Journal of Animal Science1999，77，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Hormones, mood, sexuality and the menopausal transition 显示文摘 | Dennerstein L Randolph J Dudley E | 2002 | Fertil Steril2002，77，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Hibernation, spring emergence, and pupation habits of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum显示文摘 | Teetes G L Randolph N M | 1970 | Ann Entomol Soc Am1970，63，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Vertical integration and sabotage显示文摘 | Beard Randolph T David L | 2001 | The Journal of Industrial Economics2001，18，4： | 1 |
| 9 | A study of the overcharge reaction of lithium-ion batteries显示文摘 | Randolph A L MarcusJP EstherST etal | 2002 | J Power Sources2002，9798，： | 1 |
| 10 | A study of the overcharge reaction of Lithium ion batteries显示文摘 | Randolph A L Marcus J P Esther S T | 2001 | J Power Sources2001，，98： | 1 |
| 11 | Polar format algorithm for bistatic SAR 显示文摘 | D R Briand L M Randolph | 2004 | IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems2004，40，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Porosity, permeability, and pore structure of the tight Mesuverde sandstone,Piceance Basin, Colarado 显示文摘 | Soeder D J Randolph P L | 1987 | SPE Formation Evaluation1987，2，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Note on haploid frequencies显示文摘 | Randolph L F | 1938 | Maize Genet Coop News1938，12，： | 1 |
| 14 | Hyperspeetral remote sensing of cyanobacteria in turbid productive water using optically active pigments, chlorophyll a and phycoeyanin 显示文摘 | Randolph K Wilson J Tedeseo L | 2008 | Remote Sensing of Environment2008，112，： | 1 |
| 15 | Pluronic copolymer liquid crystal: Unique, replaceable media for capacity gel electrophoresis 显示文摘 | RILL RANDOLPH L LIU Ying-jie | 1998 | Journal of Chromatograghy1998，817，： | 1 |
| 16 | Note on haploid frequencies显示文摘 | Randolph L F | 1940 | Maize Genetics Cooperation News Letter1940，14，： | 1 |
| 17 | Soy- bean meal from Roundup Ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine显示文摘 | Cromwell G L Lindemman M D Randolph J H | 2002 | Anim Sci J2002，80，： | 1 |
| 18 | Attributed Scattering Centers for SAR ATR 显示文摘 | Lee C P Randolph L M | 1997 | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing1997，8，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Scattering center model for SAR imagery显示文摘 | AKYILDIZ Yeliz RANDOLPH L Moses | 1999 | Sar Image Analysis Modeling & TechniquesII1999，3869，： | 1 |
| 20 | Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: Results from a prospective study of mortality显示文摘 | Stephanie L B Randolph M N Amiram D V Dylan M S | 2003 | Psychology Science2003，，4： | 1 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员