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| 1 | Return to sport following tibial plateau fractures: A systematic review显示文摘AIM To systemically review all studies reporting return to sport following tibial plateau fracture, in order to provide information on return rates and times to sport, and to assess variations in sporting outcome for different treatment methods.METHODS A systematic search of CINAHAL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science was performed in January 2017 using the keywords 'tibial', 'plateau', 'fractures', 'knee', 'athletes', 'sports', 'non-operative', 'conservative', 'operative', 'return to sport'. All studies which recorded return rates and times to sport following tibial plateau fractures were included. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included: 1 was a randomised controlled trial, 7 were prospective cohort studies, 16 were retrospective cohort studies, 3 were case series. One study reported on the outcome of conservative management(n = 3); 27 reported on the outcome of surgical management(n = 917). Nine studies reported on Open Reduction Internal Fixation(ORIF)(n = 193), 11 on Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction Internal Fixation(ARIF)(n = 253) and 7 on Frame-Assisted Fixation(FRAME)(n = 262). All studies recorded 'return to sport'rates. Only one study recorded a 'return to sport' time. The return rate to sport for the total cohort was 70%. For the conservatively-managed fractures, the return rate was 100%. For the surgically-managed fractures, the return rate was 70%. For fractures managed with ORIF, the return rate was 60%. For fractures managed with ARIF, the return rate was 83%. For fractures managed with FRAME was 52%. The return rate for ARIF was found to be significantly greater than that for ORIF(OR 3.22, 95%CI: 2.09-4.97, P < 0.001) and for FRAME(OR 4.33, 95%CI: 2.89-6.50, P < 0.001). No difference was found between the return rates for ORIF and FRAME(OR 1.35, 95%CI: 0.92-1.96, P = 0.122). The recorded return time was 6.9 mo(median), from a study reporting on ORIF.CONCLUSION Return rates to sport for tibial plateau fractures remain limited compared to other fractures. ARIF provides the best return rates. There is limited data regarding return times to sport. Further research is required to determine return times to sport, and to improve return rates to sport, through treatment and rehabilitation optimisation. | Greg A J Robertson Seng J Wong Alexander M Wood | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，7： | 10 |
| 2 | Lower limb stress fractures in sport:Optimising their management and outcome显示文摘Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting injuries.Around 90%of such injuries are located in the lower limb.This articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to sport.Treatment planning of this condition is specific to the location of the injury.However,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by'high'and'low'risk.'Low risk'stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise limitation.These include stress fractures of the PosteroMedial Tibial Diaphysis,Metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,Medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus.'High risk'stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical intervention.These include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth Metatarsal Base,Medial Malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe Sesamoids.In order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in athletes.From this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to sport.Following this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the athlete.Five case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting. | Greg A J Robertson Alexander M Wood | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，3： | 7 |
| 3 | Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic chemostat culture of Thiosphaera patotropha显示文摘 | ROBERTSON L A VAN NIEL E W J TORREMANS R A M | 1988 | Applied Environmental Microbiology1988，54，11： | 1 |
| 4 | Effects of epidermal growth factor on hair growth in the mouse显示文摘 | Moore G P M Panaretto B A Robertson D M | 1981 | J Endocrinol1981，88，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Hyaluronan, CD44, and emmprin regulate lactate efflux and membrane localization of monocarboxylate transporters in human breast carcinoma cells显示文摘 | Slomiany M G Grass G D Robertson A D | 2009 | Cancer Res2009，69，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Extended effect of evening meal carbohydrate/fat ratio on fasting and postprandial substrate metabolism显示文摘 | ROBERTSON M D HENDERSON R A VIST G E | 2002 | Am J Clin Nutr2002，75，： | 1 |
| 7 | Near infrared reflectance prediction of quality, theaflavin content and moisture content of black tea显示文摘 | M N Hall A Robertson C N G Scotter | 1988 | Food Chem1988，，27： | 1 |
| 8 | The influence of management on soil loss and yield of wheat in chernozemic and luvisolic soils显示文摘 | Monreal C M Zentner R P Robertson J A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Role of denitrifier diversi- ty in rates of nitrous oxide consumption in a terrestrial e- cosystem 显示文摘 | Cavigelli M A Robertson G P | 2001 | Soil Biology & Biochemistry2001，33，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Inhibi tion of wool growth in Merino sheep following admin istration of mouse epidermal growth factor and a de rivative显示文摘 | Moore G P M Panaretto B A Robertson D M | 1982 | Aust J Biol Sci1982，35，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Predicting the crystallization potential of urine from cats and dogs with respect to calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) 显示文摘 | Robertson W G Jones J S Heaton M A | 2002 | Journal of Nutrition2002，32，16： | 1 |
| 12 | Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic chemostat cultures of Thiosphaera pantotropha 显示文摘 | Robertson L A van Niel Ed W J Torremans ROB A M | 1988 | Appl Environ Microbiol1988，54，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Mangroves as filers of shrimp pond effluent:prelictions and biogeochemical research needs显示文摘 | Robertson A I Phillips M J | 1995 | Hydrobiologia1995，295，： | 1 |
| 14 | Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic chemostat cultures of Thiosphaera pantotropha 显示文摘 | Robertson L A Torremans R A Rob A M | 1988 | Appl Environ Microbiol1988，54，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Aerobic Chemostat Cultures of Thiosphaeera Pantotropha显示文摘 | L A Robertson ED W J VAN Niel ROB A M Torremans | 1988 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology1988，54，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Granulocytemacrophate colny-stimulating factor promotes human blastocyst development in vitro 显示文摘 | Sjoblom C Wikland M Robertson S A | 1999 | Hum Reprod1999，14，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Attenuation of nitrate in aquitard sediments of southern Ontario显示文摘 | Robertson W D Russell B M Cherry J A | 1996 | Journal of Hydrology1996，180，： | 1 |
| 18 | Enantiospecific synthesis of 3'-hetero-dideoxynu- cleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV agents显示文摘 | JONES M F NOBLE S A ROBERTSON C A | 1992 | J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 11992，11，： | 1 |
| 19 | Simultaneous nitrification and denitrifica2tion in aerobic chemostat cultures of Thiosphaera pantotropha 显示文摘 | Robertson L A Van Niel E W J Torremans R A M Kuenen J G | 1988 | Appl Envir Microbiol1988，54，11： | 1 |
| 20 | Carbohydrate composition in relation to structural stability, eompactibility and plasticity of two soils in a long-term experiment显示文摘 | Ball B C Cheshire M V Robertson E A G | 1996 | Soil and Till- age Research1996，39，34： | 1 |
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