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| 1 | Direct-fed microbes: A tool for improving the utilization of low quality roughages in ruminants显示文摘For many years, ruminant nutritionists and microbiologists have been interested in manipulating the microbial ecosystem of the rumen to improve production efficiency of different ruminant species. Removal and restriction of antibiotics subtherapeutic uses from ruminant diets has amplified interest in improving nutrient utilization and animal performance and search for more safe alternatives. Some bacterial and fungal microorganisms as a direct-fed microbial(DFM) can be the most suitable solutions. Microorganisms that are commonly used in DFM for ruminants may be classified mainly as lactic acid producing bacteria(LAB), lactic acid utilizing bacteria(LUB), or other microorganism's species like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Propionibacterium, Megasphaera elsdenii and Prevotellabryantii, in addition to some fungal species of yeast such as Saccharomyces and Aspergillus. A definitive mode of action for bacterial or fungal DFM has not been established; although a variety of mechanisms have been suggested. Bacterial DFM potentially moderate rumen conditions, and improve weight gain and feed efficiency. Fungal DFM may reduce harmful oxygen from the rumen, prevent excess lactate production, increase feed digestibility, and alter rumen fermentation patterns. DFM may also compete with and inhibit the growth of pathogens, immune system modulation, and modulate microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract. Improved dry matter intake, milk yield, fat corrected milk yield and milk fat content were obtained with DFM administration. However, the response to DFM is not constant; depending on dosages, feeding times and frequencies, and strains of DFM. Nonetheless, recent studies have supported the positive effects of DFM on ruminant performance. | Mona M Y Elghandour Abdelfattah Z M Salem Jose S Martínez Castaeda Luis M Camacho Ahmed E Kholif Juan C Vázquez Chagoyán | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Biological treatments as a mean to improve feed utilization in agriculture animals——An overview显示文摘As a result of agriculture practices, million tons of agriculture are produced as a secondary or by-products; however, with low nutritive values. Many methods are applied to improve the nutritive value and increase its utilization in ruminant's nutrition. The biological treatments are the most common with more safe-treated products. In most cases, the biological treatments are paralleled with decreased crude fiber and fiber fractions content with increased crude protein content. Direct-fed microbial and exogenous enzymes to animal are other ways of biological methods for improving nutritive value of feeds. Here in this review, we will try to cover the biological treatments of by-products from different sides view with different types of animals and different animal end-products. | Nahla A Abdel-Aziz Abdelfattah Z M Salem Mounir M El-Adawy Luis M Camacho Ahmed E Kholif Mona M Y Elghandour Borhami E Borhami | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 4 |
| 3 | In vitro Ruminal Gas Production Kinetics of Four Fodder Trees Ensiled With or Without Molasses and Urea显示文摘This study investigated if the addition of urea (U), molasses (M) or their 1:1 (v/v) mixture during ensiling increases the nutritional value of forage from four fodder trees (Prunus persica, Leucaena esculenta, Acacia farnesiana, and Prunus domestica). Forage samples of fodder trees were collected in triplicate (three individual samples of each species) and subjected to an in vitro gas production (GP) procedure. Fermentation at 24 h (GP 24), short-chain volatile fatty acids (SCFA), and microbial crude protein production (MCP), in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and dry matter degradability (DMD) were estimated. Forage samples were incubated for 72 h in an incubator at 39oC and the volume of GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation using the reading pressure technique. The rumen fermentation profiles were highest for P. persica, which showed the highest (P<0.0001) DMD, ME, OMD, SCFA, GP 24 and MCP. On the other hand L. esculenta had the lowest (P<0.0001) DMD, SCFA, MCP; P. domestica had the lowest (P<0.0001) OMD. The addition of M to silage increased (P<0.0001) ME and OMD, as well as GP. However, the addition of U and the mixture of U and M reduced (P<0.0001) DMD, ME, OMD, SCFA, GY 24 and MCP. These results show that P. persica has the highest nutritive value and L. esculenta the lowest for ruminants. Additionally, the addition of M to forage from fodder trees increases rumen GP and fermentation, which may improve nutrient utilization in ruminants. | Abdelfattah Z M Salem ZHOU Chuan-she TAN Zhi-liang Miguel Mellado Moises Cipriano Salazar Mona M M Y Elghandopur Nicholas E Odongo | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2013，12，7： | 3 |
| 4 | Robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer:comparison of short-term biochemical recurrence-free survival显示文摘 | Barocas DA Salem S Kordan Y | 2010 | Journal of Urology2010，，03： | 2 |
| 5 | Chromogranin A polymor- phisms are associated with hypertensive renal disease显示文摘 | Salem R M Cadman P E Chen Y | 2008 | J Am Soc Nephrol2008，19，： | 1 |
| 6 | CW Nd:YAG laser cutting of ultra low carbon steel thin sheets using 02 assist gas 显示文摘 | H G Salem M S Mansour Y Badr | 2008 | Journal of Materials Processing Technology2008，196，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Sensitive kinetic speetrophotometric determination of captopril and ethamsylate in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids显示文摘 | EL-SHABRAWY Y EL-ENANY N SALEM K | 2004 | IL Farmaco2004，59，10： | 1 |
| 8 | Common charge-shift mutation Glu65Lys in K + channel beta(1)-Subunit KCNMB1:pleiotropic con-sequences for glomerular filtration rate and progressive renal disease 显示文摘 | Chen Y Salem R M Rao F | 2010 | Am J Nephrol2010，32，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Separation of lipid classes by solid phase extrac-tion显示文摘 | Kim H Y Salem N | 1990 | Journal of lipid research1990，31，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Clozapine inducedmyopericarditis : early recognition improves clinical outcome显示文摘 | Razminia M Salem Y Devaki S | 2006 | AmJ Ther2006，13，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Protective role of Egyptian propolis against tumor in mice显示文摘 | Om-Ali Y El-khawaga Tarek A Salem Mohamed F Elshal | 2003 | Clinica Chimica Acta2003，，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The role of cardiac computed tomography in infants with congenital heart disease显示文摘 | Goitein O Salem Y Jacobson J | 2014 | Isr Med Assoc J2014，16，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Mass transfer behavior of a flow - by fixed bed electrochemical reactor under different hydrodynamic conditions 显示文摘 | Soltan E A Nosier S A Salem A Y | 2003 | Chem Eng J2003，91，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Primary small noncleaved cell lymphoma of kidney显示文摘 | Salem Y Pagliaro L C Manyak M J | 1993 | Urology1993，42，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Mechanisms of aetion of docosahexaenoic acid in the nervous system显示文摘 | Salem J N Litman B Kim H Y | 2001 | Lipids2001，36，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Minimum-cost canal cr- oss section显示文摘 | Ghazaw Y Salem Ariel A S Osama K | 2000 | Alexandria Engineering Journal2000，39，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Minimal surgery for pilonidal disease using trephines:description of a new technique and long-term outcomes in 1,358 patients显示文摘 | Gips M Melki Y Salem L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Minimizing cutting wastes of reinforcement steel bars using genetic algorithms and integer programming models 显示文摘 | SALEM O SHAHIN A KHALIFA Y | 2007 | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management2007，133，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Post-Aswan dam sedimentation rate of lagoons of the Nile Delta, Egypt显示文摘 | Gu J W Chen Z Y Salem A | 2011 | Environ Earth Sci2011，64，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Ultra -fast waveform compression using a time -domain telescope 显示文摘 | Foster M A Salem R Okawachi Y | 2009 | Nature Photonics2009，3，： | 1 |
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