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| 1 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 2 | Human resource management, manufacturing strategy, and firm performance 显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A Dean J W Lepak D P | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，： | 1 |
| 3 | Thickness Variation of the Magneto-optical Properties of Tb,Dy-Fe Co Pr Thin Films显示文摘 | Carey R Newman D M Snelling J P | 1995 | Thin Soild Film1995，259，： | 1 |
| 4 | Using phonemic cueing of spontaneous naming to predict item responsiveness to therapy for anomia in aphasia显示文摘 | Conroy P J Snell C Sage K E | 2012 | Arch Phys Med Rehabil2012，93，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Human Resource Management, Manufacturing Strategy ,and Firm Performance显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A J J W D Lepak D P | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，，39： | 1 |
| 6 | Human resource management, manufacturing strategy, and performance 显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A Dean J W Lepak D P | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Pharmaeokineties and Delivery of the Anti-Infl Uenza Prodrug Osehamivir to the Small intestine and Colon Using Sitespecific Delivery Capsules显示文摘 | Oo C Snell P Barrett J Dorr A Liu B Wilding IR | 2003 | Int J Pharm2003，257，： | 1 |
| 8 | Pharmacokinetics and delivery of the anti-influenza pro-drug oseltamivir to the small intestine and colon using site-specific delivery capsules 显示文摘 | Oo C Snell P Barrett J | 2003 | Inter J Pharm2003，257，： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of creatine monohydrate ingestion on intermediate length anaerobic treadmill running to exhaustion显示文摘 | Earnest C Rash J Snell P | 1995 | Med Sci Sports Exerc1995，27，： | 1 |
| 10 | Species specific isotope dilution calibration for determination of mercury species by gas chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma or furnace atomisation plasma ionisation mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | J P Snell I I Stewart R E Sturgeon | 2000 | Anal At Speetrom2000，15，15： | 1 |
| 11 | The timing of eukaryotic evolution: does a relaxed molecular clock reconcile proteins and fossils?显示文摘 | Douzery E J P Snell E A Bapteste E | 2004 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA2004，101，15： | 1 |
| 12 | Human resource management, manufacturing strategy, and firm per-formance显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A Dean J W and Lepak D P | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Human Resource Management, Manufacturing Strategy, and Firm Performance 显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A Dean J W Lepak D P | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Human resource management, manufacturing strategy, and firm performance 显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A Dean J W Lepak D P | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，4： | 1 |
| 15 | The effect of running on serum and red cell ferritin: A longitudinal comparison显示文摘 | Balaban EP Snell P Stray-Gundersen J | 1995 | Int Sports Med1995，16，5： | 1 |
| 16 | CONDOR:a database resource of developmentally associated conserved non-coding elements显示文摘 | Woolfe A Goode DK Cooke J Callaway H Smith S Snell P McEwen GK Elgar G | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 17 | Human Resource Management, Manufacturing Strategy, And Firm Performance显示文摘 | YOUNDT M A SNELL S A DEAN J W LEPAN D P | 1996 | Academy Of Management Journal1996，，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Human Resource Management, Manufacturing Strategy, and Firm Performance 显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A Dean J W Lepak D P | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Applications of a-Si field effect transistors in liquid crystal displays and in integrated logic circuits 显示文摘 | Le Comber P G Snell A J Mackenzie K D | 1981 | Journal de Physique Colloque1981，42，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Conservation of progesterone hormone function in invertebrate reproduction 显示文摘 | Stout E P La Clair J J Snell T W | 2010 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010，107，11： | 1 |
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