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| 1 | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians显示文摘Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is notapparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. | Bong Sik Matthew Kim Bob T Li Alexander Engel Jaswinder S Samra Stephen Clarke Ian D Norton Angela E Li | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse显示文摘Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and proliferation.We hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC binding.Using primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA synthesis.Furthermore,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA production.Similar effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,IL-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th subset.These data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell binding.We also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen presentation.These data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS. | Paul L Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S Alice Long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Chemotherapy options in elderly and frail patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS2): an open-label, randomised factorial trial显示文摘 | Matthew T Seymour Lindsay C Thompson Harpreet S Wasan Gary Middleton Alison E Brewster Stephen F Shepherd M Sinead O’Mahony Timothy S Maughan Mahesh Parmar Ruth E Langley | 2011 | The Lancet2011，，9779： | 2 |
| 4 | Cancer Genome Scanning in Plasma: Detection of Tumor-Associated Copy Number Aberrations, Single-Nucleotide Variants, and Tumoral Heterogeneity by Massively Parallel Sequencing显示文摘 | Chan K C Allen Jiang Peiyong Zheng Yama W L Liao Gary J W Sun Hao Wong John Siu Shing Shun N Chan Wing C Chan Stephen L Chan Anthony T C Lai Paul B S Chiu Rossa W K Lo Y M D | 2013 | Clinical Chemistry2013，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Gastroesophageal reflux in infants with wheezing 显示文摘 | Sheikh S Stephen T Howell L Eid N | 1999 | Pediatr Pulmonol1999，28，3： | 1 |
| 6 | FISH and PRINS:competing or complementary technologies?显示文摘 | Stephen S Wachtel Avirachan T | 2002 | Am J Med Genet2002，107，： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect of organic-matter type and thermal maturity on methane adsorption in shale-gas systems显示文摘 | Zhang T Geoffrey S E Stephen C R etal | 2012 | Organic Geo- chemistry2012，47，： | 1 |
| 8 | Seismic behavior and design of unbonded post-tensioned preeast concrete frames显示文摘 | EL-SHEIKH M T RICHARD S STEPHEN P | 1999 | PCI Journal1999，44，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Characterization of petro physical flow units in carbonate reservoirs显示文摘 | Alden J M Stephen T S Dan J H | 1997 | AAPG Bulletin1997，81，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Mossbauer and NMR characterization of tin octoate: Neat and residues in RTV foams 显示文摘 | LABOURIAU A TAYLOR D STEPHENS T S | 2006 | Polym Degrad Stab2006，91，： | 1 |
| 11 | Mycoplasma hominis and ure- aplasma urealyticum in midtrimester amniotic fluid : Association with amniotic fluid cytokine levels and pregnancy outcome显示文摘 | Stephen T Robin B Steven S | 2004 | Am J Obstet Gyne- col2004，191，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Host-microbe interactions:shaping the evolution of the plant immune response显示文摘 | Stephen T C Gitta C Brad D Brian J S | 2006 | Cell2006，124，4： | 1 |
| 13 | The genome database for rosaceae (GDR) : year 10 update显示文摘 | Jung S Stephen P F Lee T | 2014 | Nucleic Acids Research2014，42，： | 1 |
| 14 | Electroless Ni- Co- P ternary alloy deposits:preparation and characteristics 显示文摘 | Narayanan T S N S Selvakumar S Stephen A | 2003 | Surface and Coatings Technology2003，172，： | 1 |
| 15 | The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics coupling fire into a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model显示文摘 | Kirsten T Sergey V Stephen S | 2001 | Global Ecology & Biogeography2001，10，： | 1 |
| 16 | DNA Sequence Representation without Degeneracy显示文摘 | Stephen S Yau T | 2003 | Nucleic Acids Research2003，31，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of accelerators and stabilizers on the formation and characteristics of electroless Ni-P deposits 显示文摘 | Baskaran I Sankara Narayanan T S N Stephen A | 2006 | Materials Chemistry and Physics2006，99，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of accelerators and stabilizers on the formation and characteristics of electroless Ni-P deposits显示文摘 | Baskaran I Sankara N T S N Stephen A | 2006 | Materials Chemistry and Physics2006，99，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Long-term hy- drostatic strength and design of thermoplastic piping compounds显示文摘 | STEPHEN B WALSH T DEAN S W | 2011 | Journal of ASTM International2011，8，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Management of Oral Mucositis in Patients with Cancer显示文摘 | Rajesh V L Stephen T S Douglas E | 2008 | Dent Clin North Am2008，52，1： | 1 |
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