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| 1 | The impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle:A review显示文摘The increased frequency of climate extremes in recent years has profoundly affected terrestrial ecosystem functions and the welfare of human society. The carbon cycle is a key process of terrestrial ecosystem changes. Therefore, a better understanding and assessment of the impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle could provide an important scientific basis to facilitate the mitigation and adaption of our society to climate change. In this paper, we systematically review the impacts of climate extremes(e.g. drought, extreme precipitation, extreme hot and extreme cold) on terrestrial ecosystems and their mechanisms. Existing studies have suggested that drought is one of the most important stressors on the terrestrial carbon sink, and that it can inhibit both ecosystem productivity and respiration. Because ecosystem productivity is usually more sensitive to drought than respiration, drought can significantly reduce the strength of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks and even turn them into carbon sources. Large inter-model variations have been found in the simulations of drought-induced changes in the carbon cycle, suggesting the existence of a large gap in current understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses of ecosystem carbon balance to drought, especially for tropical vegetation. The effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle vary across different regions. In general, extreme precipitation enhances carbon accumulation in arid ecosystems, but restrains carbon sequestration in moist ecosystems. However, current knowledge on the indirect effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle through regulating processes such as soil carbon lateral transportation and nutrient loss is still limited. This knowledge gap has caused large uncertainties in assessing the total carbon cycle impact of extreme precipitation. Extreme hot and extreme cold can affect the terrestrial carbon cycle through various ecosystem processes. Note that the severity of such climate extremes depends greatly on their timing, which needs to be investigated thoroughly in future studies. In light of current knowledge and gaps in the understanding of how extreme climates affect the terrestrial carbon cycle, we strongly recommend that future studies should place more attention on the long-term impacts and on the driving mechanisms at different time scales.Studies based on multi-source data, methods and across multiple spatial-temporal scales, are also necessary to better characterize the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate extremes. | Shilong PIAO Xinping ZHANG Anping CHEN Qiang LIU Xu LIAN Xuhui WANG Shushi PENG Xiuchen WU | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，10： | 16 |
| 2 | On the Key Dynamical Processes Supporting the 21.7 Zhengzhou Record-breaking Hourly Rainfall in China显示文摘An extremely heavy rainfall event occurred in Zhengzhou,China,on 20 July 2021 and produced an hourly rainfall rate of 201.9 mm,which broke the station record for China's Mainland.Based on radar observations and a convection-permitting simulation using the WRF-ARW model,this paper investigates the multiscale processes,especially those at the mesoscale,that support the extreme observed hourly rainfall.Results show that the extreme rainfall occurred in an environment characteristic of warm-sector heavy rainfall,with abundant warm moist air transported from the ocean by an abnormally northward-displaced western Pacific subtropical high and Typhoon In-Fa(2021).However,rather than through back building and echo training of convective cells often found in warm-sector heavy rainfall events,this extreme hourly rainfall event was caused by a single,quasi-stationary storm in Zhengzhou.Scale separation analysis reveals that the extreme-rainproducing storm was supported and maintained by the dynamic lifting of low-level converging flows from the north,south,and east of the storm.The low-level northerly flow originated from a mesoscale barrier jet on the eastern slope of the Taihang Mountain due to terrain blocking of large-scale easterly flows,which reached an overall balance with the southerly winds in association with a low-level meso-β-scale vortex located to the west of Zhengzhou.The large-scale easterly inflows that fed the deep convection via transport of thermodynamically unstable air into the storm prevented the eastward propagation of the weak,shallow cold pool.As a result,the convective storm was nearly stationary over Zhengzhou,resulting in record-breaking hourly precipitation. | Peng WEI Xin XU Ming XUE Chenyue ZHANG Yuan WANG Kun ZHAO Ang ZHOU Shushi ZHANG Kefeng ZHU | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，3： | 9 |
| 3 | Linear FM Signal Parameter Estimation Using STFT and FRFT显示文摘 | SHEN Liran YIN Qingbo LU Mingyu ZHANG Qi GUO Lili SHEN Tianen ZHAO Guoku NING Shushi | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Electronics2013，22，2： | 8 |
| 4 | Multimodel projections and uncertainties of net ecosystem production in China over the twenty-first century显示文摘Ecosystems in China have been absorbing anthropogenic CO2 over the last three decades. Here, we assess future carbon uptake in China using models from phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project under four socio-economic scenarios. The average of China's carbon sink from 2006 to 2100 represented by multimodel mean net ecosystem production(NEP) is projected to increase(relative to averaged NEP from 1976 to 2005) in the range of 0.137 and 0.891 Pg C a-1across differentscenarios. Increases in NEP are driven by increases in net primary production exceeding increases in heterotrophic respiration, and future carbon sink is mainly attributed to areas located in eastern China. However, there exists a considerable model spread in the magnitude of carbon sink and model spread tends to be larger when future climate change becomes more intense. The model spread may result from intermodel discrepancy in the magnitude of CO2 fertilization effect on photosynthesis, soil carbon turnover time, presence of carbon-nitrogen cycle and interpretation of land-use changes. For better quantifying future carbon cycle, a research priority toward improving model representation of these processes is recommended. | Tao Wang Xin Lin Shushi Peng Nan Cong Shilong Piao | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，34： | 7 |
| 5 | Variability of microphysical characteristics in the “21·7” Henan extremely heavy rainfall event显示文摘In this study, significant rainfall microphysical variability is revealed for the extremely heavy rainfall event over Henan Province in July 2021(the “21·7” Henan EHR event) using a dense network of disdrometers and two polarimetric radars.The broad distributions of specific drop size distribution(DSD) parameters are identified in heavy rainfall from the disdrometer observations, indicating obvious microphysical variability on the surface. A K-means clustering algorithm is adopted to objectively classify the disdrometer datasets into separate groups, and distinct DSD characteristics are found among these heavy rainfall groups. Combined with the supporting microphysical structures obtained through radar observations, comprehensive microphysical features of the DSD groups are derived. An extreme rainfall group is dominantly formed in the deep convection over the plain regions, where the high number of concentrations and large mean sizes of surface raindrops are underpinned by both active ice-phase processes and efficient warm-rain collision-coalescence processes in the vertical direction. Convection located near orographic regions is characterized by restricted ice-phase processes and high coalescence efficiency of liquid hydrometeors, causing the dominant DSD group to comprise negligible large raindrops. Multiple DSD groups can coexist within certain precipitation episodes at the disdrometer stations, indicating the potential microphysical variability during the passage of convective system on the plain regions. | Gang CHEN Kun ZHAO Yinghui LU Yuanyuan ZHENG Ming XUE Zhe-Min TAN Xin XU Hao HUANG Haonan CHEN Fen XU Ji YANG Shushi ZHANG Xueqi FAN | 2022 | Science China Earth Sciences2022，65，10： | 4 |
| 6 | Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration显示文摘Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy.For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe,we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing.The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange(NEE)was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade,and riverine-carbon export to the ocean.Summing up NEE from all regions,we obtained a global‘bottom-up'NEE for net land anthropogenic CO_(2)uptake of–2.2±0.6 Pg C yr^(-1)consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009.This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting,which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies.By decomposing NEE into component fluxes,we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO_(2)of 39 Pg C yr^(-1)with an interquartile of 33–46 Pg C yr^(-1)—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported. | Philippe Ciais Yitong Yao Thomas Gasser Alessandro Baccini Yilong Wang Ronny Lauerwald Shushi Peng Ana Bastos Wei Li Peter A.Raymond Josep G.Canadell Glen P.Peters Rob J.Andres Jinfeng Chang Chao Yue A.Johannes Dolman Vanessa Haverd Jens Hartmann Goulven Laruelle Alexandra G.Konings Anthony W.King Yi Liu Sebastiaan Luyssaert Fabienne Maignan Prabir K.Patra Anna Peregon Pierre Regnier Julia Pongratz Benjamin Poulter Anatoly Shvidenko Riccardo Valentini Rong Wang Grégoire Broquet Yi Yin Jakob Zscheischler Bertrand Guenet Daniel SGoll Ashley-P.Ballantyne Hui Yang Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Cloning, expression, and characterization of an alternatively spliced variant of human heparanase显示文摘 | Nasser NJ Avivi A Shushy M | 2007 | Biochem Biophys Bes Commun2007，354，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Af- forestation in China cools local land surface tempera ture显示文摘 | PENG Shushi PIAO Shilong ZENG Xinyi | 2014 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci- ences2014，111，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Human heparanase nuclear localization and enzymatic activity显示文摘 | SCHUBERT S Y ILAN N SHUSHY M | 2004 | Lab Invest2004，84，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Human heparanase nuclear localization and enzymatic activity显示文摘 | Schubert SY Ilan N Shushy M | 2004 | Lab Invest2004，84，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Human heparanase nuclear localization and enzymatic activity显示文摘 | Schubert SY Ilan N Shushy M | 2004 | Lab Invest2004，84，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Human heparanase nu- clear localization and enzymatic activity显示文摘 | Schubert S Y Ilan N Shushy M | 2004 | Lab Invest2004，84，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Mutations in Glucose Transporter 9 Gene SLC2A9 Cause Renal Hypouricemia 显示文摘 | Hirotaka Matsuo Toshinori Chiba Shushi Nagamori | 2008 | The American Journal of Human Genetics2008，83，： | 1 |
| 14 | Macrocyclic antibiotics as a new class of chiral selectors for liquid chromatography 显示文摘 | ARMSTRONG D W TANG YUBING CHEN SHUSHI | 1994 | Analytical Chemistry1994，66，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Composition operators on Bloch-type spaces 显示文摘 | Hu Zhangjian Wang Shushi | 2005 | Proc Royal Society of Edinburgh A2005，135，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Service-Driven Coded Forward Scheme Based on Streaming Transmission Model for Lunar Space Communication Networks显示文摘With the rapid development of lunar exploration,a large amount of scientific data and media stream service needs to be transmitted through Lunar Space Communication Networks(LSCNs).Due to limited transmitter power and intermittent,long delay and packet loss connections,the reliable and efficient multi-priority services’transmission in LSCNs becomes an urgent problem.Firstly,we propose a Streaming Transmission Model(STM)based on temporal and spatial topology graph to describe the delay and energy consumption for data transmission in LSCNs.Then,we further devise a Coded Forward Scheme based on STM,termed CFS-STM,to achieve multi-priority service in two steps:i).Link Stability Function(LSF)is established by solving an optimization problem to choose the appropriate single-hop path.ii).Raptor code is employed to further save delay and energy with adjustable code-rate according to the different channel conditions.Experiment results show that,CFS-STM can significantly improve the transmission efficiency of multi-service priority streaming delivery in LSCNs. | Shushi Gu Ye Wang Guoqing Chen Shuo Shi | 2020 | China Communications2020，17，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Three -dimensional Computed Tomographic Angiography of Pulmonary Vessels显示文摘 | Tadafumi S Shushi Y Yasuo U | 1999 | Radiat Med1999，17，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Composition operators on Bloch_-type spaces 显示文摘 | HU Zhangjian WANG Shushi | 2005 | Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edin- burghA2005，135，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different ecosystems in China显示文摘 | Shushi Peng Shilong Piao Tao Wang Jinyu Sun Zehao Shen | 2008 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2008，，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Investigation on the origin of the blue emission in titanium doped sapphire: is F+color center the blue emission center 显示文摘 | GAO Hong CHAO Shushi | 1995 | Appl Phys Lett1995，67，3： | 1 |
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