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| 1 | 在在一个第三级的肝中心的 hepatocellular 癌的对比超声: 第一印度经验显示文摘 AIM: To assess the role of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the first Indian tertiary liver center. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations over 24 mo for diagnosis, surveillance, characterization and follow up of 50 patients in the context of HCC was performed. The source and indication of referrals, change in referral rate, accuracy and usefulness of CEUS in a tertiary liver center equipped with a 64 slice dual energy computer tomography (CT) and 3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were studied. Sonovue (BR1, Bracco, Italy, a second generation contrast agent) was used for contrast US studies. Contrast enhanced CT/MRI or both were performed in all patients. The findings were taken as a baseline reference and correlation was done with respect to contrast US. Contrast enhanced MRI was performed using hepatocyte specific gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA). Iomeron (400 mg; w/v) was used for dynamic CT examinations. RESULTS: About 20 (40%) of the examinations were referred from clinicians for characterization of a mass from previous imaging. About 15 (30%) were performed for surveillance in chronic liver disease; 5 (10%) examinations were performed for monitoring lesions after radiofrequency ablation (RFA); 3 (6%) were post trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) assessments and 3 (6%) were patients with h/o iodinated contrast allergy. About 2(4%) were performed on hemodynamically unstable patients in the intensive care with raised alpha fetoprotein and 2(4%) patients were claustrophobic. The number of patients referred from clinicians steadily increased from 12 in the first 12 mo of the study to 38 in the last 12 mo. CEUS was able to diagnose 88% of positive cases of HCC as per reference standards. In the surveillance group, specificity was 53.3% vs 100% by CT/MRI. Post RFA and TACE specificity of lesion characterization by CEUS was 100% in single/large mass assessment, similar to CT/MRI. For non HCC lesions such as regenerative and dysplastic nodules, the specificity was 50% vs 90% by CT/MRI. The positive role of CEUS in imaging spectrum of HCC included a provisional urgent diagnosis of an incidentally detected mass. It further led to a decrease in time for further management. A confident diagnosis on CEUS was possible in cases of characterization of an indeterminate mass, in situations where the patient was unfit for CT/MRI, was allergic to iodinated contrast or had claustrophobia, etc.CEUS was also cost effective, radiation free and an easy modality for monitoring post RFA or TACE lesions. CONCLUSION: CEUS is a valuable augmentation to the practice of ultrasonography, and an irreplaceable modality for confounding cases and interpretation of indeterminate lesions in imaging of HCC. | Shalini Thapar Laroia Simranjeet Singh Bawa Deepak Jain Amar Mukund Shiv Sarin | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，6： | 5 |
| 2 | 多动症的遗传学研究概述显示文摘多动症多始于儿童期,并能持续至成年期。传统的家庭、双生子和养子女研究表明,多动症是受遗传影响的。双生子研究现在被用来定义多动症表型,分析性别差异,测试基因对持续性和共病的影响,以及研究遗传与环境的互动。多动症的分子遗传学研究集中在功能候选基因的关联分析上。多动症与DRD4和DRD5的关系比较一致。最新的研究也显示COMT的影响。关联分析(1inkageanalysis)显示这些单个基因的影响都不大。这个领域还有待于大规模的“全基因关联”分析。至今为止的证据显示,研究基因-表型关联以及基因与环境互动对多动症的影响将目趋重要。 | Anita Thapar Evangelia Stergiakouli | 2008 | 心理学报2008，40，10： | 5 |
| 3 | p53 expression in pituitary adenomas and carcinomas: correlation with invassiveness and tumor growth fractions显示文摘 | Thapar K Scheithauer BW Kavacs K | 1996 | Neurosurg1996，38，： | 1 |
| 4 | Depression in adolescence显示文摘 | Thapar A Collishaw S Pine DS | 2012 | Lancet2012，379，9820： | 1 |
| 5 | Increased pr- evalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among psychiatric in- patients with bipolar I affective and schizoaffective disor- ders independent of psychotropic drug use 显示文摘 | Regenold WT Thapar RK Marano C | 2002 | J Affect Disord2002，70，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Advances in ontogeny of the enteric n-ervous system显示文摘 | Burns A J Thapar N | 2006 | Neurogastroenterol Motil2006，18，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Pituitary surgery 显示文摘 | Laws ER Jr Thapar K | 1999 | Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am1999，28，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Proliferative activity and invasiveness among pituitary adenomas and carcinomas: an analysis using the MIB 1 antibody显示文摘 | Thapar K Kavacs K Scheithauer BW | 1996 | Neurosurg1996，38，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Diarrhoea in children: an interface be-tween developing and developed countries 显示文摘 | Thapar N Sanderson IR | 2004 | Lancet2004，363，9409： | 1 |
| 10 | “What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?”显示文摘 | Thapar A Cooper M Eyre O | 2013 | J Child Psychol Psychiatry2013，54，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Diarrhoea in children:an interface between developing and developed countries 显示文摘 | Thapar N Sanderson IR | 2004 | Lancet2004，363，： | 1 |
| 12 | Application of the Normal form of Vector Fields to Predict Interarea Separation in Power Systems显示文摘 | Thapar J Vittal V Kliemann W | 1997 | IEEE Trans on Power Systems1997，12，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Proliferative activity and invasiveness among pituitary adenomas and carcinomas:an analysis using the MIB-1 antibody显示文摘 | Thapar K Kovacs K Scheithauer BW | 1996 | Neurosurgery1996，38，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Diarrhoea in children: an interface between developing and developed countries 显示文摘 | Thapar N Sanderson IR | 2004 | The Lancet2004，363，： | 1 |
| 15 | Depression in adolescence显示文摘 | Thapar A Collishaw S Pine D S | 2012 | Lancet2012，379，9820： | 1 |
| 16 | NMR Characterization of full-length farnesylated and non-farnesylated h- Ras and its implications for raf activation显示文摘 | Thapar R Williams JG Campbell SL | 2004 | J Mol Biol2004，343，： | 1 |
| 17 | Proliferative activity and invasiveness among pituitary adenomas and carcinomas:An analysis using the MIB-1 antibody显示文摘 | Kovacs K Scheithauer BW | 1996 | Neurosurgery1996，38，： | 1 |
| 18 | Genetics basis of attention deficit and hyperactivity 显示文摘 | Thapar A Holmes J Poulton K | 1999 | BrJ Psychiatr1999，174，： | 1 |
| 19 | Depression in adolescence显示文摘 | Thapar A Collishaw S Pine DS | 2012 | Lancet2012，379，9820： | 1 |
| 20 | Proliferative activity and invasiveness among pituitary adenomas and carcinomas , an analysis using the MIB-1 antibody 显示文摘 | Thapar K Seheithauer BK Kovask K | 1996 | J Neurosurg1996，38，1： | 1 |
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