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| 1 | 北京石景山工业区附近一个污染土壤剖面的磁学研究显示文摘对北京西郊石景山工业区附近的土壤剖面进行环境磁学研究,结合粒度、金属元素分析、磁学指标测试和多元统计分析,发现磁参数(χ,ARM,SIRM)与重金属元素(Mn,Cu,Fe,Pb,Zn,Al,Sr)含量呈同步垂向变化趋势.来源于工业区附近工业生产排放(钢铁厂、发电厂、水泥厂)的污染物是土壤剖面上部(0-3cm)磁性和金属含量增强的主要原因,由富集在细粉砂和中粉砂的多畴磁铁矿主导了样品的磁性特征.3—10cm重金属含量逐渐下降,土壤的磁性特征与上层相似,但磁性矿物含量降低,属于剖面中的迁移过渡阶段.10cm以下,土壤基本未受到污染,磁性矿物和重金属含量都低,磁性颗粒大小变化稳定,基本代表了该地区土壤的自然背景.指标聚类和相关分析表明,土壤磁参数与重金属元素含量显著相关.结合模糊聚类分析,磁参数可用于追踪、识别工业污染物质在土壤剖面中的富集、迁移状态,揭示不同深度土壤的污染程度. | 沈明洁 胡守云 U. Blaha 闫海涛 W. Rsler V. Hoffmann | 2006 | 地球物理学报2006，49，6： | 44 |
| 2 | 三维CT肾盂成像指导经皮肾造口取石术:结石测量、结石显示及肾盂肾盏系统重建的准确性显示文摘对经皮肾造口取石术(PCNL)前的CT肾盂成像检查进行回顾性研究。对20例肾结石病人应用精心设计的方案进行CT肾盂成像。评分并比较横断位、冠状位最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)影像上结石的大小、对比剂排泄的一致性及结石和肾盂肾盏系统重建的准确性。注射对比剂后,横断位像可准确显示结石大小,而在冠状位像上常被低估。增强前后测量结果分别平均为14.7mm:14.4mm(横断位)、17.2mm:16.1mm(冠状位)(P=0.11和0.03)。 | U. Patel R.M. Walkden K.R. Ghani K. Anson 闫喆(译) 李威(校) | 2009 | 国际医学放射学杂志2009，32，4： | 42 |
| 3 | 监管人工智能系统:风险、挑战、能力和策略显示文摘[内容摘要]人类现在处于一个智能机器的时代,人工智能技术成为了新一代科技革命的标志。人工智能技术的进步,在给人类社会带来巨大益处的同时,也成为一个重大的公共危险源,给政府监管和法律责任承担带来了挑战。在监管人工智能带来的公共危险时,立法机构、行政机关和法院各有所长。通过制定专门的人工智能监管法,成立人工智能监管机构,并基于侵权责任法引入人工智能审批机制,对于获得审批的AI系统,适用过错责任,对于未获审批的AI系统,适用严格责任,才可能建构一条监管人工智能的可行路径。 | 马修U.谢勒 曹建峰 李金磊 | 2017 | 信息安全与通信保密2017，15，3： | 46 |
| 4 | 生态现象学显示文摘什么是生态现象学?生态现象学是这样一种尝试:它试图用现象学来丰富那迄今为止主要是用分析的方法而达致的生态哲学.我在下面的论述将分为三个部分.第一部分致力于阐述前缀'(O)ko'的意义. | U.梅勒 柯小刚 | 2004 | 世界哲学2004，，4： | 39 |
| 5 | 减少急性冠状动脉综合征和卒中患者求医的延误——美国心脏协会心血管护理委员会和卒中委员会的科学声明显示文摘在寻求急性冠状动脉综合征和卒中症状的治疗方面,患者延误是限制提供这些疾病的确定性治疗的主要因素。尽管数十年来的研究和公众教育活动一直旨在缩短患者延误时间,但大多数患者仍然不能及时求医。在本科学声明中,我们总结了以下证据:(1)证明早期治疗的益处;(2)描述患者延误问题的程度;(3)确定与患者延误及时求医有关的因素;(4)揭示当前减少患者延误措施的不足。最后,提出临床实践和今后研究的建议。 | Debra K. Moser Laura P. Kimble Mark J. Alberts Angelo Alonzo Janet B. Croft Kathleen Dracup Kelly R. Evenson Alan S. Go Mary M. Hand Rashmi U. Kothari George A. Mensah Dexter L. Morris Arthur M. Pancioli Barbara Riegel Julie Johnson Zerwic 李宏建 曲东锋 | 2006 | 国际脑血管病杂志2006，14，10： | 39 |
| 6 | 《第三语言习得中跨语言影响的心理语言学研究》述评显示文摘 | J. Cenoz B. Hufeisen U. Jessner 刘承宇(述评) 谢翠平(述评) | 2006 | 当代语言学2006，8，4： | 33 |
| 7 | Regulation of Arabidopsis Early Anther Development by the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, MPK3 and MPK6, and the ERECTA and Related Receptor-Like Kinases显示文摘激活 Mitogen 的蛋白质 kinase (MAPK ) 和表明小径的像受体的 kinase (LRR-RLK ) 被显示出调整植物生长和开发的多样的方面的充满白氨酸的重复。在 Arabidopsis,合适的花药开发依靠细胞间的通讯协调房间增长和区别。二密切相关的基因编码 MAPK, MPK3 和 MPK6,在调整有气孔的 patterning 冗余地工作。尽管 mpk6 异种减少了富饶,在花药开发的 MPK3 和 MPK6 的函数没被描绘。同样, ERECTA (嗯) , ERECTA-LIKE1 (ERL1 ) 和 ERL2 基因编码 LRR-RLKs 一起工作指导有气孔的房间命运说明和 er-105 erl1-2 erl2-1 三元组异种是无菌的。因为 mpk3 mpk6 两倍空异种是胚胎致命,花药开发在可行 mpk3/+mpk6/ 和 er-105 erl1-2 erl2-1 异种被描绘。我们发现两个变异的花药通常没能形成四片花药脑叶中的至少一个,与展出 mpk3/+mpk6/ 异种的比那些的更严重的显型的 er-105 erl1-2 erl2-1 三元组异种。区分的变异的脑叶的体的房间层显得更大,更多比的瓦解了野类型。另外, er-105 erl1-2 erl2-1 三元组异种有雄蕊,其多数拥有完全无差别或下面区分的花药的一个减少的数字。有时,而且, mpk3/+mpk6/ 异种花药不张口,并且 er-105 erl1-2 erl2-1 花药没被观察张口。因此,我们的结果显示 ER/ERL1/ERL2 和 MPK3/MPK6 在正常花药脑叶形成和花药房间区别起重要作用。在在另外的发展过程的这些基因和异种的二种类型的发展显型报导了的花药的类似之间的近功能的关系进一步这里建议这些基因可能也在一样的小径工作调整花药房间分割和区别的可能性。 | Carey L.H. Hord Yu-Jin Sun Lynn J. Pillitteri Keiko U. Torii Huachun Wang Shuqun Zhang Hong Ma | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，4： | 29 |
| 8 | 甲状腺结节颈动脉搏动超声弹性成像的鉴别显示文摘目的探索利用颈动脉搏动作为压力源的超声弹性成像对甲状腺结节诊断的敏感性和特异性。方法本研究符合HIPAA要求,并经伦理委员会批准,所有受试者都签署了知情同意书。58例病人(男13例,女45例;年龄20-76岁,平均51岁)纳入本研究。在对甲状腺进行细针活检前,进行了常规超声检查和利用颈动脉搏动作为压力源的超声弹性成像检查。US基本频带数据下载后进行离线分析,形成弹性影像图并计算甲状腺硬度指数。采用非参数秩和的Knlskal—Wallis检验评价不同类型甲状腺结节的总体中位数值。 | M. Dighe U. Bae M.L. Richardson T.J. Dubinsky S. Minoshima Y.Kim. 高莉(译) 唐光健(校) | 2008 | 国际医学放射学杂志2008，31，5： | 28 |
| 9 | 南京某钢铁公司周边耕作土壤的磁学性质与重金属污染的相关性研究显示文摘对取自于南京西南郊某钢铁公司附近水稻田土壤NJ008样芯进行了磁性测量和重金属含量分析,探讨了利用农业耕作土壤的磁参数指示工业区周围重金属污染的可行性.环境磁学测试结果表明:磁化率(χ)、非磁滞剩磁(ARM)及饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)在土壤剖面上部20cm显著增强,磁化率平均值达到112.5×10?8m3·kg?1;20cm以下呈现为较低磁背景特征,磁化率平均值为27.8×10?8m3·kg?1.进一步的磁学实验证明低矫顽力的亚铁磁矿物主导了NJ008样芯的磁性特征,不完整反铁磁性矿物在20cm以下土壤中含量相对较高.Ni,Cu,Fe,Pb,V和Zn等重金属与磁化率呈现相同的变化特征.主成分分析表明亚铁磁性矿物和重金属受同一主成分控制,且磁指标(χ,ARM和SIRM)与重金属(Ni,Cu,Fe,Pb,V和Zn)呈显著相关关系(0.69≤R≤0.98).对远离钢铁公司的同种耕作土壤剖面NJ013测试表明:其磁化率随深度变化不大,绝对值与NJ008在20cm以下磁背景值基本一致.表明耕作过程中的化肥和农药对土壤磁化率影响不大,钢铁公司释放的工业污染是NJ008土壤剖面中磁化率显著增强的主要原因.耕作土壤由于反复翻种,虽然不能用于污染历史及污染物迁移过程研究,但基于磁指标与部分重金属之间的显著相关性,耕作土壤仍然可以用于重金属污染分布范围的圈定和相对污染程度评价. | 段雪梅 胡守云 闫海涛 Blaha U. Rǒsler W. Appel E. 孙伟华 | 2009 | 中国科学(D辑)2009，39，9： | 26 |
| 10 | U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION显示文摘The U.S. Geological Survey has a rich tradition of collecting hydrologic data, especially for fluxes of water and suspended sediment, that provide a foundation for studies of soil and water conservation. Applied and basic research has included investigations of the effects of land use on rangelands, croplands, and forests; hazards mapping; derivation of flood and drought frequency, and other statistics related to streamflow and reservoir storage; development and application of models of rainfall-runoff relations, chemical quality, and sediment movement; and studies of the interactive processes of overland and channel flow with vegetation. Networks of streamgaging stations and (or) sampling sites within numerous drainage basins are yielding information that extends databases and enhances the ability to use those data for interpretive studies. | W. R. OSTERKAMP and J. R. GRAY Research Hydrologist, U. S. Geological Survey, 1675 W. Anklam Road, Tucson, AZ 85745 U. S. A. Hydrologist, U. S. Geological Survey, 415 National Center, Reston, VA 20192 U. S. A. | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，3： | 22 |
| 11 | LARGE-SCALE STRIKE SLIP FAULT: THE MAJOR STRUCTURE OF INTRACONTINENTAL DEFORMATION AFTER COLLISION显示文摘Intracontinental deformation is one of the most interesting problems in tectonics. But so far little attention has been paid to rock deformation, metamorphism and magmatism related with large-scale displacement and rotation of these blocks. In this note, we take the Ailaoshan-Red River fault (ARF)zone in western Yunnan as an example and discuss the kinematics and dynamics of the fault With its neighbouring blocks in the Tertiary. | 钟大赉 P. TAPPONNIER 吴海威 张连生 嵇少丞 钟嘉猷 刘小汉 U. SCHAERER R. LACASSIU P. LELOUP | 1990 | Chinese Science Bulletin1990，35，4： | 23 |
| 12 | A study on the mixing proportion in groundwater samples by using Piper diagram and Phreeqc model显示文摘Piper (1944) diagram has been the basis for several important interpretations of the hydrogeochemical data. As seen in this diagram, most natural waters contain relatively few dissolved constituents, with cations (metals or bases) and anions (acid radicles) in chemical equilibrium with one another. Apart from the facies representation, the composition of the mixed sample can be identified in terms of the composition of the parental solution. To bring out this advantage of the Piper diagram, a study was conducted in the Kalpakkam region of Tamilnadu, South India. By taking the geology and water table into consideration, two sample locations were selected as parent solution and third one as the mixture sample. All three samples were analyzed for calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO4) and phosphate (PO4) by Ion Chromatograph (Metrohm IC 861). HCO3 was determined by volumetric titration. The Piper diagram shows that parent solutions clustered towards Na-Mg-Ca-HCO3-Cl and Na-HCO3 facies, and the mixing sample belongs to Na-Mg-HCO3 facies. Phreeqc interac-tive (Ver 2.8) along with the original composition of the mixture sample was used to correlate the mixing proportion identified by the Piper diagram. | Karmegam U. Chidambaram S. Prasanna M.V. Sasidhar P. Manikandan S. Johnsonbabu G. Dheivanayaki V. Paramaguru P. Manivannan R. Srinivasamoorthy K. Anandhan P | 2011 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2011，30，4： | 20 |
| 13 | 中国儿童的消费行为:1995-2002显示文摘本次调查中国儿童消费行为及其对父母消费的影响是基于七年前调查的方式和结果而展开的 ,为的是可以更有效地将两次调查进行对比。调查发现 ,最显著的变化就是中国儿童的经济来源是原来的两倍 ,而花销将近是原来的三倍。并且他们独自去商店的次数增长了 32 % ,所光顾的商店数量增长了 81 % ;对父母的日常购物影响达到 6 8 7% ,在耐用品购买上的影响达到 2 3 3%。 | 詹姆斯.U.麦克尼尔 Chyon-HweYeh 马睿 | 2004 | 青年研究2004，，10： | 16 |
| 14 | Some Suggested Future Directions ofQuantitative Resource Assessments显示文摘Future quantitative assessments will be expected to estimate quantities, values, and locations of undiscovered mineral resources in a form that conveys both economic viability and uncertainty associated with the resources. Historically, declining metal prices point to the need for larger deposits over time. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the greatest opportunity for reducing uncertainty in assessments lies in lowering uncertainty associated with tonnage estimates. Of all errors possible in assessments, these affecting tonnage estimates are by far the most important. Selecting the correct deposit model is the most important way of controlling errors because of the dominance of tonnage-deposit models are the best known predictors of tonnage. Much of the surface is covered with apparently barren rocks and sediments in many large regions. Because many exposed mineral deposits are believed to have been found, a prime concern is the presence of possible mineralized rock under cover. Assessments of areas with resources under cover must rely on extrapolation from surrounding areas, new geologic maps of rocks under cover, or analogy with other well-explored areas that can be considered training tracts. Cover has a profound effect on uncertainty and on methods and procedures of assessments because geology is seldom known and geophysical methods typically have attenuated responses. Many earlier assessment methods were based on relationships of geochemical and geophysical variables to deposits learned from deposits exposed on the surface-these will need to be relearned based on covered deposits. Mineral-deposit models are important in quantitative resource assessments for two reasons: (1) grades and tonnages of most deposit types are significantly different, and (2) deposit types are present in different geologic settings that can be identified from geologic maps. Mineral-deposit models are the keystone in combining the diverse geoscience information on geology, mineral occurrences, geophysics, and geochemistry used in resource assessments and mineral exploration. Grade and tonnage models and development of quantitative descriptive, economic, and deposit density models will help reduce the uncertainty of these new assessments. | Singer Donald A U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA | 2001 | Journal of China University of Geosciences2001，12，1： | 15 |
| 15 | 一项比较有氧间断锻炼与中度持续锻炼对心力衰竭患者的心血管效应的随机研究显示文摘背景:运动锻炼可以减轻慢性心力衰竭的症状。然而何种强度的锻炼可以产生最大益处仍具争议。此外,慢性心力衰竭的发病率随年龄增长而增加;据报道,首次诊断为慢性心力衰竭的患者中,有88%>65岁, | Wislφff U. Stφylen A. Loennechen J.P. 杜媛 | 2007 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册)2007，，10： | 14 |
| 16 | Scenario Analysis of Tillage, Residue and Fertilization Management Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics显示文摘Based on data from 10-year field experiments on residue/fertilizer management in the dryland farming region of northern China, Century model was used to simulate the site-specific ecosystem dynamics through adjustment of the model’s parameters, and the applicability of the model to propose soil organic carbon (SOC) management temporally and spatially, in cases such as of tillage/residue/fertilization management options, was identified via scenario analysis. Results between simulations and actual measurements were in close agreement when appropriate applications of stover, manure and inorganic fertilizer were combined. Simulations of extreme C/N ratios with added organic materials tended to underestimate the measured effects. Scenarios of changed tillage methods, residue practices and fertilization options showed potential to maintain and enhance SOC in the long run, while increasing inorganic N slowed down the SOC turnover rate but did not create a net C sink without any organic C input. The Century model simulation showed a good relationship between annual C inputs to the soil and the rate of C sequestration in the top 20 cm layer and provided quantitative estimations of changes in parameters crucial for sustainable land use and management. Conservation tillage practices for sustainable land use should be integrated with residue management and appreciable organic and inorganic fertilizer application, adapted according to the local residue resource, soil fertility and production conditions. At least 50% residue return into the soil was needed annually for maintenance of SOC balance, and manure amendment was important for enhancement of SOC in small crop-livestock systems in which crop residue land application was limited. | WANG Xiao-Bin CAI Dian-Xiong W. B. HOOGMOED O. OENEMA U. D. PERDOK | 2005 | Pedosphere2005，15，4： | 14 |
| 17 | Selenium Requirements as Discussed in the 1996 Joint FAO/IAEA/WHO Expert Consultation on Trace Elements in Human Nutrition显示文摘In March 1996, WHO officially released an updated trace element nutrition report that presents much new information, especially regarding iodine, zinc, copper and selenium. For most minerals, both basal as well as normative requirements are given. The basal requirement refers to the intake needed to prevent clinically manifest signs of impaired function attributable to deficiency of the nutrient. The normative requirement refers to the intake needed to maintain a level of tissue storage (or index enzyme activity) judged to be desirable and appropriate.In the case of selenium, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet basal requirements for adult males and females were 21 and 16 μg/day, respectively. These were derived from the amount needed to protect against Keshan disease plus a body weight correction factor. On the other hand, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet normative requirements for adult males and females were 40 and 30μg/day, respectively. These were calculated from the amount needed to achieve two-thirds of the maximal plasma glutathione peroxidase activity assuming an interindividual variability of normal dietary selenium intake of 16%. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between these nutritional standards and the actual dietary intakes of selenium around the | ORVILLE A. LEVANDER (Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U. S. Department of Agricult ure, ARS, Beltsville,Maryland 20705-235, USA) | 1997 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1997，10，2： | 14 |
| 18 | 术前语言和运动功能的MR功能成像:经术中皮层脑电图核实显示文摘目的以术中皮层脑电图(ECM)作为参照标准,前瞻洼地研究邻近功能皮层局灶性肿物的病人,MR脑功能成像对于其语言和运动功能定位的敏感性和特异性。方法本研究经学术审查委员会批准并取得所有病人书面的知情同意。34例符合以下3条标准的病人纳入本研究(女16例,男18例;平均年龄43.2岁)。存在邻近语言或运动功能皮层的局灶性肿物:可配合MR脑功能成像的任务操作;可进行手术和术中ECM。 | A. Bizzi V. Blasi A. Falini P. Ferroli M. Cadioli U. Danesi 郭雪梅(译) 唐光健(校) | 2008 | 国际医学放射学杂志2008，31，5： | 13 |
| 19 | 复杂网络:结构和动力学显示文摘耦合的生物化学系统、神经网络、相互作用的群居物种、互联网和万维网只是由大量高度相互连接的动态个体组成的系统的少数几个例子。获取这类系统的全局特征的首选方法是建立图模型——图中的点代表动态个体,边代表个体间的相互作用。一方面,科学家们需要处理结构问题如刻画一个复杂连线体系的拓扑结构、揭示建立在现实网络基础上的统一原理,以及完善模型从而模拟网络的增长和复制网络结构特性;另一方面,在研究复杂网络动力学时会产生许多相关问题,例如研究一个大的动态系统如何通过复杂连接的相互作用来表现集体行为的。我们回顾了近来在研究复杂网络的结构和动力学方面的主要概念以及取得的结果,总结了这些思想在许多不同学科包括从非线性科学到生物学、从统计力学到医药学以及工程学等领域的有关应用。 | S. Boccaletti V. Latora Y. Moreno M. Chavezf D. -U. Hwang 方爱丽(译) 赵继军(译) | 2006 | 复杂系统与复杂性科学2006，3，3： | 12 |
| 20 | Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg-Sn-Ca alloys after extrusion显示文摘Mg-Sn-Ca alloys promise a reasonable corrosion resistance in combination with good creep resistance, likely due to the presence of Ca2-xMgxSn and other phases. The selected alloys with 3% Sn and Ca in the range of 1%-2% have been extruded in order to achieve more homogeneous microstructure compared with the as-cast alloys. Optical microscopy(OM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) techniques were used to study the microstructure and phases of these alloys. The corrosion behavior of these alloys was investigated by means of salt spray test and potentio-dynamic measurements. The results obtained on the alloys Mg-3Sn (T3), Mg-3Sn-1Ca (TX31), and Mg-3Sn-2Ca (TX32) indicate the presence of the same phases in as-cast and after extrusion, namely Mg2Sn, Ca2-xMgxSn, and Ca2-xMgxSn/Mg2Ca, respectively. However, due to the occurrence of extensive recrystallization in the extrusion process, the grain size has significantly reduced after extrusion. The reduction leads to the improvement of the corrosion resistance after extrusion which is then comparable with the commercial alloy AZ91D. | T. ABU LEIL N. HORT W. DIETZEL C. BLAW ERT Y. HUANG K. U. KAINER K. P. RAO | 2009 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版2009，19，1： | 12 |
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