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| 1 | Extreme Cold Events from East Asia to North America in Winter 2020/21:Comparisons,Causes,and Future Implications显示文摘Three striking and impactful extreme cold weather events successively occurred across East Asia and North America during the mid-winter of 2020/21.These events open a new window to detect possible underlying physical processes.The analysis here indicates that the occurrences of the three events resulted from integrated effects of a concurrence of anomalous thermal conditions in three oceans and interactive Arctic-lower latitude atmospheric circulation processes,which were linked and influenced by one major sudden stratospheric warming(SSW).The North Atlantic warm blob initiated an increased poleward transient eddy heat flux,reducing the Barents-Kara seas sea ice over a warmed ocean and disrupting the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)to induce the major SSW.The Rossby wave trains excited by the North Atlantic warm blob and the tropical Pacific La Nina interacted with the Arctic tropospheric circulation anomalies or the tropospheric polar vortex to provide dynamic settings,steering cold polar air outbreaks.The long memory of the retreated sea ice with the underlying warm ocean and the amplified tropospheric blocking highs from the midlatitudes to the Arctic intermittently fueled the increased transient eddy heat flux to sustain the SSW over a long time period.The displaced or split SPV centers associated with the SSW played crucial roles in substantially intensifying the tropospheric circulation anomalies and moving the jet stream to the far south to cause cold air outbreaks to a rarely observed extreme state.The results have significant implications for increasing prediction skill and improving policy decision making to enhance resilience in“One Health,One Future”. | Xiangdong ZHANG Yunfei FU Zhe HAN James E.OVERLAND Annette RINKE Han TANG Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG | 2022 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2022，39，4： | 7 |
| 2 | 基于温度链浮标获取南极普里兹湾积雪和固定冰厚度的研究显示文摘极地积雪和海冰厚度是气候变化的重要指标,也是船舶在冰区航行需要掌握的主要参数。2014和2015年在南极普里兹湾中山站附近布放了一种新式的温度链浮标,该浮标每天进行4次常规温度观测和1次加热升温观测,用于实时获取积雪和海冰剖面温度及厚度数据的研究。通过分析剖面温度曲线和升温曲线反映出的大气、积雪、海冰和海水4种介质的热传导特性差异,可利用人工识别的方法(人工经验法)获得大气/积雪、积雪/海冰和海冰/海水界面的位置。根据统计不同介质在升温响应和垂直温度梯度等方面的特性,找到合理阈值,可通过编写程序自动判断各界面的位置(自动程序法)。本文利用这两种方法来判断不同物质界面位置从而计算得到积雪和海冰厚度。与现场人工观测的海冰厚度相比,人工经验法的平均偏差和均方根偏差分别为2.1cm和6.4cm(2014年)以及4.3cm和6.5cm(2015年),自动程序法的平均偏差和均方根偏差分别为-6.8cm和6.4cm(2014年)以及4.5cm和6.6cm(2015年);对于积雪,人工经验法与现场人工观测的平均偏差和均方根偏差分别为0.5cm和8.5cm,而自动程序法的平均偏差和均方根偏差分别为4.7cm和10.8cm。自动程序法误差较人工经验法偏大,但考虑到整体冰厚和现场观测的误差,两种方法的结果均是可信的,精度是可以接受的。利用新式的温度链浮标实时获取南极普里兹湾积雪和海冰厚度是可行的。 | 赵杰臣 杨清华 程斌 汪宁 惠凤鸣 沈辉 韩晓鹏 张林 Timo Vihma | 2017 | 海洋学报2017，39，11： | 7 |
| 3 | Snow and sea ice thermodynamics in the Arctic:Model validation and sensitivity study against SHEBA data显示文摘Evolution of the Arctic sea ice and its snow cover during the SHEBA year were simulated by applying a high-resolution thermodynamic snow/ice model (HIGHTSI).Attention was paid to the impact of albedo on snow and sea ice mass balance,effect of snow on total ice mass balance,and the model vertical resolution. The SHEBA annual simulation was made applying the best possible external forcing data set created by the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project.The HIGHTSI control run reasonably reproduced the observed snow and ice thickness.A number of albedo schemes were incorporated into HIGHTSI to study the feedback processes between the albedo and snow and ice thickness.The snow thickness turned out to be an essential variable in the albedo parameterization.Albedo schemes dependent on the surface temperature were liable to excessive positive feedback effects generated by errors in the modelled surface temperature.The superimposed ice formation should be taken into account for the annual Arctic sea ice mass balance. | Cheng Bin Timo Vihma Zhang Zhanhai Li Zhijun Wu Huiding | 2008 | Chinese Journal of Polar Science2008，19，2： | 5 |
| 4 | Observation and modelling of snow and sea ice mass balance and its sensitivity to atmospheric forcing during spring and summer 2007 in the Central Arctic显示文摘Snow depth and sea ice thickness were observed applying an ice mass balance buoy(IMB)in the drifting ice station Tara during the International Polar Year in 2007.Detailed in situ observations on meteorological variables and surface fluxes were taken during May to August.For this study,the operational analyses and short-term forecasts from two numerical weather prediction(NWP)models(ECMWF and HIRLAM)were extracted for the Tara drift trajectory.We compared the IMB,meteorological and surface flux observations against the NWP products,also applying a one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model(HIGHTSI)to calculate the snow and ice mass balance and its sensitivity to atmospheric forcing.The modelled snow depth time series,controlled by NWP-based precipitation,was in line with the observed one.HIGHTSI reproduced well the snowmelt onset,the progress of the melt,and the first date of snow-free conditions.HIGHTSI performed well also in the late August freezing season.Challenges remain to model the“false bottom”observed during the melting season.The evolution of the vertical temperature profiles in snow and ice was better simulated when the model was forced by in situ observations instead of NWP results.During the melting period,the nonlinear ice temperature profile was successfully modelled with both forcing options.During spring and the melting season,total sea ice mass balance was most sensitive to uncertainties in NWP results for the downward longwave radiation,followed by the downward shortwave radiation,air temperature,and wind speed. | Bin CHENG Timo VIHMA Timo PALO Marcel NICOLAUS Sebastian GERLAND Laura RONTU Jari HAAPALA Donald PEROVICH | 2021 | Advances in Polar Science2021，32，4： | 4 |
| 5 | Observed and modelled snow and ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean with CHINARE buoy data显示文摘Sea ice and the snow pack on top of it were investigated using Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) buoy data.Two polar hydrometeorological drifters,known as Zeno? ice stations,were deployed during CHINARE 2003.A new type of high-resolution Snow and Ice Mass Balance Arrays,known as SIMBA buoys,were deployed during CHINARE 2014.Data from those buoys were applied to investigate the thickness of sea ice and snow in the CHINARE domain.A simple approach was applied to estimate the average snow thickness on the basis of Zeno~ temperature data.Snow and ice thicknesses were also derived from vertical temperature profile data based on the SIMBA buoys.A one-dimensional snow and ice thermodynamic model(HIGHTSI) was applied to calculate the snow and ice thickness along the buoy drift trajectories.The model forcing was based on forecasts and analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF).The Zeno~ buoys drifted in a confined area during 2003–2004.The snow thickness modelled applying HIGHTSI was consistent with results based on Zeno~ buoy data.The SIMBA buoys drifted from 81.1°N,157.4°W to 73.5°N,134.9°W in 15 months during2014–2015.The total ice thickness increased from an initial August 2014 value of 1.97 m to a maximum value of2.45 m before the onset of snow melt in May 2015;the last observation was approximately 1 m in late November2015.The ice thickness based on HIGHTSI agreed with SIMBA measurements,in particular when the seasonal variation of oceanic heat flux was taken into account,but the modelled snow thickness differed from the observed one.Sea ice thickness derived from SIMBA data was reasonably good in cold conditions,but challenges remain in both snow and ice thickness in summer. | TIAN Zhongxiang CHENG Bin ZHAO liechen VIHMA Timo ZHANG Wenliang LI Zhijun ZHANG Zhanhai | 2017 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2017，36，8： | 3 |
| 6 | Links between Arctic sea ice and extreme summer precipitation in China:an alternative view显示文摘Potential links between the Arctic sea-ice concentration anomalies and extreme precipitation in China are explored. Associations behind these links can be explained by physical interpretations aided by visualisations of temporarily lagged composites of variables such as atmospheric mean sea level pressure and sea surface temperature. This relatively simple approach is verified by collectively examining already known links between the Arctic sea ice and rainfall in China. For example, similarities in the extreme summer rainfall response to Arctic sea-ice concentration anomalies either in winter(DJF) or in spring(MAM) are highlighted. Furthermore, new links between the Arctic sea ice and the extreme weather in India and Eurasia are proposed. The methodology developed in this study can be further applied to identify other remote impacts of the Arctic sea ice variability. | Petteri Uotila Alexey Karpechko Timo Vihma | 2014 | Advances in Polar Science2014，25，4： | 2 |
| 7 | Method for measuring the reactivity of absorbents for wet flue gas desulfurization显示文摘 | Ahlbeck Jarl Engman Torbjorn Falten Stefan Vihma Maija | 1993 | Chemical Engineering Science1993，48，20： | 1 |
| 8 | Derivation of turbulent surface fluxes -an iterative flux-profile method allowing arbitrary observing heights显示文摘 | LAUNIAINEN J VIHMA T | 1990 | Environmental Software1990，5，： | 1 |
| 9 | Foreword显示文摘Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is | Matti Lepparanta Timo Vihma Huiding Wu | 2014 | Advances in Polar Science2014，25，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Modelling of superimposed ice formation during the spring snowmelt period in the Baltic Sea显示文摘 | Cheng B Vihma T Pirazzini R Granskog M A | 2006 | Annals of Glaciology2006，44，： | 1 |
| 11 | Derivation of turbulent surface fluxes-An iterative flux-profile method allowing arbitrary observing heights显示文摘 | Launiainen J Vihma T | 1990 | Environmental Software1990，5，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Relationships between Antarctic cyclones and surface conditions as derived from high-resolution numerical weather prediction data显示文摘 | Uotila P T Vihma T A Pezza I | 2011 | Journal of Geophysical Research2011，116，07： | 1 |
| 13 | Effects of oral and transder- real estradial administration on levels of sex hormone-binding globulin in postmenopansal women with and without a history of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy 显示文摘 | Ropponen A Aittomaki K Vihma V | 2009 | Clini Endocrinal & Metab2009，90，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of oral and transdermal estradiol administration on levels of sex hormonebinding globulin in postmenopausal women with and without a history of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy显示文摘 | Ropponen A Aittomki K Vihma V | 2009 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2009，90，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Meteorological conditions in the Arctic Ocean in spring and summer 2007 as recorded on the drifting ice sta- tion Tara 显示文摘 | Vihma T Jaagus J Jakobson E | 2008 | Gephys Res Lett2008，35，18： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of oral and transdermal estradiol administration on levels of sex hormone-binding globulin in postmenopausal women with and without a history of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy显示文摘 | Ropponen A Aittomaki K Vihma V | 2005 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2005，90，： | 1 |
| 17 | Post menopausal estrogen therapy and serum estradiol fatty acid esters in women with and without previous intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy显示文摘 | Vihma V Ropponen A Aittomaki K | 2004 | Ann Med2004，36，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of Arctic Sea ice decline on weather and climate: A review显示文摘 | Vihma T | 2014 | Surveys in Geophysics2014，35，： | 1 |
| 19 | Modeling of superimposed ice formation during the spring snowmeh period in the Baltic Sea显示文摘 | Cheng B Timo VIHMA Roberta PIRAZZINI | 2006 | Annals of Glaciology2006，44，： | 1 |
| 20 | Quantitative determination of estrone by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry in subcutaneous adipose tissue from the breast inpostmenopausal women 显示文摘 | Vihma V Wang F Savolainen - Pehonen H | 2016 | J Steroid Biochem2016，155，： | 1 |
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