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| 1 | Variations of sulfur and carbon isotopes in seawater during the Doushantuo stage in late Neoproterozoic显示文摘Successive analyses of sulfur and carbon isotopic compositions of carbonates strata in the Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze area were accomplished through a method of extracting trace sulfate from carbonates. Sulfur and carbon isotopic compositions of coeval seawater were estimated from the samples that show the least diagenetic alteration. A high-resolution age curve of sulfur isotopes in seawater sulfates was obtained in the Doushantuo stage, which reflects the trend of variation in seawater sulfur isotopes after the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth event. Similar characteristics of variation in carbon isotopes were observed in the coeval carbonates. A large positive d 34S excursion over +20?occurs in ancient seawater sulfates in the early Doushantuo stage. Simultaneously, the d 13C values in ancient seawater carbonates exhibit a positive excursion up to 10. The maximum d 34S and d 13C values are +46.4 and +6.9? respectively. In the middle Doushantuo stage, the range of variation in d 34S values of seawater is relatively narrow, but d 13C values are quite high. Then, d 34S values of seawater become oscillating, and the same occurs in d 13C values. Negative excursions in d 34S and d 13C values occur simultaneously at the end of the Doushantuo stage, and the minimum d 34S and d 13C values dropped down to -10.1 and -5.7? respectively. The characteristics of variations in the sulfur and carbon isotopes of ancient seawater imply strong changes in oceanic environment that became beneficial to inhabitation and propagation of organism. The organic productivity and burial rate of organic carbon once reached a quite high level during the Doushantuo stage. However, the state of environment became unstable after the global glaciation. The global climate and environment possibly were fluctuating and reiterating. The negative excursions in d 34S and d 13C values occurring at the end of the Doushantuo stage may represent a global event, which might be related to oxidation of deep seawater. | ZHANG Tonggang, CHU Xuelei, ZHANG Qirui, FENG Lianjun & HUO Weiguo Key Lab of Mineral Resources Exploration and Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，13： | 21 |
| 2 | First China ocean reflection experiment using coastal GNSS-R显示文摘It is a new way for oceanographic remote sensing using the GNSS-Reflection technique. Sea waves, tides and sea surface wind can be obtained by analyzing the direct and reflected GPS signals from sea surface. It has become an advanced field concerned by many researchers. In this paper the first China Ocean Reflection Experiment (CORE) with the coastal GNSS-R in the southeast is reported and the method to retrieve oceanographic parameters with the direct and reflected GPS signals is studied. The primary retrievals of Significant Wave Height (SWH) are presented and also compared with the meas-urements from Ultrasonic Wave Gauge (UWG) in situ. | WANG Xin SUN Qiang ZHANG XunXie LU DaRen SHAO LianJun HU Xiong RUFFINI Giulio DUNNE Stephen FRANCOIS Soulat | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，7： | 15 |
| 3 | Spatial modeling of the carbon stock of forest trees in Heilongjiang Province, China显示文摘Heilongjiang province is the largest forest zone in China and the forest coverage rate is 46%. Forests of Heilongjiang province play an important role in the forest ecosystem of China. In this study we investigated the spatial distribution of forest carbon storage in Heilongjiang province using 3083 plots sampled in 2010. We attempted to fit two global models, ordinary least squares model(OLS), linear mixed model(LMM), and a local model, geographically weighted regression model(GWR), to the relationship between forest carbon content and stand, environment, and climate factors. Five predictors significantly affected forest carbon storage and spatial distribution, viz. average diameter of stand(DBH), number of trees per hectare(TPH), elevation(Elev), slope(Slope) and the product of precipitation and temperature(Rain_Temp). The GWR model outperformed the two global models in both model fitting and prediction because it successfully reduced both spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity in model residuals. More importantly, the GWR model provided localized model coefficients for each location in the study area, which allowed us to evaluate the influences of local stand conditions and topographic features on tree and stand growth, and forest carbon stock. It also helped us to better understand the impacts of silvicultural and management activities on the amount and changes of forest carbon storage across the province. The detailed information can be readily incorporated with the mapping ability of GIS software to provide excellent tools for assessing the distribution and dynamics of the forest-carbon stock in the next few years. | Chang Liu Lianjun Zhang Fengri Li Xingji Jin | 2014 | Journal of Forestry Research2014，25，2： | 14 |
| 4 | Carbon isotopic variations of Proterozoic carbonates in Jixian, Tianjin, China显示文摘Along the Proterozoic stratigraphic sections of Jixian, Tianjin, the ??13C values of carbonates are mostly negative in the Changchengian (Changcheng System), varying approximately within a range of (0±1)‰ in the Jixianian (Jixian System), and have commonly positive values of (2±2)‰ in the Qingbaikouan (Qingbaikou System). From Chuanlinggou Formation to Dahongyu Formation, i.e. from ca. 1700 Ma to 1600 Ma, the δ13C values of carbonates increase from about -3‰ to 0‰, but oscillate with large excursion in Dahongyu Formation. Two large excursions occur in the Jixianian, one in Yangzhuang Formation and the other in the third submember of Wumishan Formation overlaying. These integrated and continuous records of carbon isotope reflect secular variations of δ13C value in ancient seawater from ca. 1700 Ma to ca. 800 Ma. The increase and subsequent oscillation of seawater δ13C value occurring from the ages of ca. 1700 to ca. 1600 Ma and <1300 Ma may signify two correlative global tectonic events. | CHU Xuelei, ZHANG Tonggang, ZHANG Qirui, FENG Lianjun & ZHANG Fusong1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Key Laboratory for Mineral Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Correspondence should be addressed to Chu Xuelei (email: xlchu@mail.c-geos.ac.cn) | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，2： | 13 |
| 5 | Reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for NiFe_2O_4 synthesis and its application in the Fenton-based process显示文摘The potentially hazardous iron-containing sludge from the Fenton process requires proper treatment and disposal, which often results in high treatment cost. In this study, a novel method for the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for the synthesis of nickel ferrite particles(NiFe_2O_4) is proposed. Through a co-precipitation method followed by sintering at 800°C, magnetic NiFe_2O_4 particles were successfully synthesized, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized NiFe_2O_4 could be used as an efficient catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process. In phenol degradation with H_2O_2 or NiFe_2O_4 alone, the phenol removal efficiencies within the reaction time of 330 min were as low as 5.9% ± 0.1% and 13.5% ±0.4%, respectively. However, in the presence of both NiFe_2O_4 and H_2O_2, phenol removal efficiency as high as 95% ± 3.4% could be achieved, indicating the excellent catalytic performance of NiFe_2O_4 in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Notably, a rapid electron exchange between_Ni II and_Fe III ions in the NiFe_2O_4 structure could be beneficial for the Fenton reaction. In addition, the magnetic catalyst was relatively stable, highly active and recoverable, and has potential applications in the Fenton process for organic pollutant removal. | Hui Zhang Jianguo Liu Changjin Ou Faheem Jinyou Shen Hongxia Yu Zhenhuan Jiao Weiqing Han Xiuyun Sun Jiansheng Li Lianjun Wang | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，3： | 10 |
| 6 | Discussion on the Neoproterozoic glaciations in the South China Block and their related paleolatitudes显示文摘The Kaigas, Sturtian, Marinoan, and Gaskiers glaciations are widely recognized in Neoproterozoic. However, in the South China Block only the Jiangkou (Sturtian) and Nantuo (Marinoan) are symbolized by sedimentary records. The Kaigas, recorded by isotopic and chemical proxies, exhibited likely the nature of cold paleoclimate with local mountain glaciation. The correlation of the Doushantuo Formation with the Gaskiers is indicated by the carbon isotope excursion and the dated age from the interval, however the South China Block was then under non-glacial weather. With no paleomagnetic data, the position of the South China Block during the Sturtian glaciation cannot be determined. The paleolatitudes of the South China Block during the Kaigas and Nantuo glaciations are intermediate, even though the Nantuo was once rendered erratically deduced equatorial. In fact, the paleolatitudes of the South China Block during the Neoproterozoic glaciations are all likely at about 30°―40°. | ZHANG QiRui CHU XueLei FENG LianJun | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，10： | 9 |
| 7 | Automatic detection of oceanic eddies in reanalyzed SST images and its application in the East China Sea显示文摘Oceanic eddies may cause local sea surface temperature(SST), height, and salinity anomalies in remote sensing(RS) images. Remote sensed SST imagery has proven to be an effective technique in oceanic eddy detection, because of its high temporal and spatial resolution. Various techniques have been used to identify eddies from SST images. However, mainly owing to the strong morphological variation of oceanic eddies, there is arguably no uniquely correct eddy detection method. A scheme of algorithm based on quasi-contour tracing and clustering of eddy detection from SST dataset is presented. The method does not impose fixed restrictions or limitations during the course of 'suspected' eddy detection, and any eddy-like structures can be detected as 'suspected' eddies. Then, 'true' eddies can be identified based on the combination of intensity and spatial/temporal scale criteria. This approach has been applied to detect eddies in the East China Sea by using Operational SST & Sea Ice Analysis(OSTIA) dataset. Experiments proved that oceanic eddies ranging in diameter from tens to hundreds of kilometers can be detected. Through investigation of the 2007–2011 OSTIA daily SST dataset from the Kuroshio region in the East China Sea, we found that the most active regions for oceanic eddies are those along the Kuroshio path, northeast of Taiwan Island, the Yangtze Estuary and the Ryukyu Islands. About 86% of the cyclonic eddies and 87% of the anticyclonic eddies have the size of 50–100 km in diameter. Only 25% of the anticyclonic eddy and 26% of the cyclonic eddy have the strength more than 0.4°C in the sea surface layer. | ZHANG ChunHua LI HongLin LIU SongTao SHAO LianJun ZHAO Zhao LIU HongWei | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，12： | 8 |
| 8 | A mesoscale eddy detection method of specific intensity and scale from SSH image in the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific显示文摘Mesoscale eddies exist almost everywhere in the ocean and play important roles in the ocean circulation of the world. These eddies may cause sound spread singular regions and bring great influences to the upwater ship and underwater aircraft. Due to the lack of hydrographic survey datasets, study of mesoscale eddies has been greatly restricted. Fortunately, satellite altimeter provided an effective way to study mesoscale eddies. An automatic detection algorithm is introduced to detect mesoscale eddies of specific intensity and spatial/temporal scale based on satellite sea surface height(SSH) data and the algorithm is applied in a strong eddy activity region: the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific. The algorithm includes four steps. The first step is preprocessing of the SSH image, which includes elimination of error SSH data and interpolation. The second step is to detect suspected mesoscale eddies from preprocessed SSH images by dynamic threshold adjustment and morphological method, and the suspected mesoscale eddy detection includes two procedures: suspected mesoscale eddy core region detection and suspected mesoscale eddy brim extraction. The third step is to pick out mesoscale eddies satisfied with specified criteria from suspected mesoscale eddies. The criteria include three items, that is, intensity criterion, spatial scale, criterion and temporal scale criterion. The last step is algorithm performance analysis and verification. The algorithm has the capability of adaptive parameter adjustment, and can extract mesoscale eddies of interested intensity and spatial/temporal scale. The paper can provide a basis for analyzing space-time characteristics of mesoscale eddy in the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific. | ZHANG ChunHua XI XiaoLiang LIU SongTao SHAO LianJun HU XiaoHua | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，8： | 8 |
| 9 | Simultaneous pyridine biodegradation and nitrogen removal in an aerobic granular system显示文摘Simultaneous pyridine biodegradation and nitrogen removal were successfully achieved in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR) based on aerobic granules. In a typical SBR cycle, nitritation occurred obviously after the majority of pyridine was removed, while denitrification occurred at early stage of the cycle when oxygen consumption was aggravated. The effect of several key operation parameters, i.e., air flow rate, influent NH_4^+-N concentration,influent p H and pyridine concentration, on nitritation, pyridine degradation and total nitrogen(TN) removal, was systematically investigated. The results indicated that high air flow rate had a positive effect on both pyridine degradation and nitritation but a negative impact of overhigh air flow rate. With the increase of NH_4^+ dosage, both nitritation and TN removal could be severely inhibited. Slightly alkaline condition, i.e., pH 7.0–8.0, was beneficial for both pyridine degradation and nitritation. High pyridine dosage often resulted in the delay of both pyridine degradation and nitritation. Besides, extracellular polymeric substances production was affected by air flow rate, NH_4^+ dosage, pyridine dosage and p H.In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that Bdellovibrio and Paracoccus were the dominant species in the aerobic granulation system. Coexistence of pyridine degrader, nitrification related species, denitrification related species, polymeric substances producer and self-aggregation related species was also confirmed by highthroughput sequencing. | Xiaodong Liu Shijing Wu Dejin Zhang Jinyou Shen Weiqing Han Xiuyun Sun Jiansheng Li Lianjun Wang | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，5： | 7 |
| 10 | High-quality de novo assembly of the Eucommia ulmoides haploid genome provides new insights into evolution and rubber biosynthesis显示文摘We report the acquisition of a high-quality haploid chromosome-scale genome assembly for the first time in a tree species,Eucommia ulmoides,which is known for its rubber biosynthesis and medicinal applications.The assembly was obtained by applying PacBio and Hi–C technologies to a haploid that we specifically generated.Compared to the initial genome release,this one has significantly improved assembly quality.The scaffold N50(53.15 MB)increased 28-fold,and the repetitive sequence content(520 Mb)increased by 158.24 Mb,whereas the number of gaps decreased from 104,772 to 128.A total of 92.87%of the 26,001 predicted protein-coding genes identified with multiple strategies were anchored to the 17 chromosomes.A new whole-genome duplication event was superimposed on the earlierγpaleohexaploidization event,and the expansion of long terminal repeats contributed greatly to the evolution of the genome.The more primitive rubber biosynthesis of this species,as opposed to that in Hevea brasiliensis,relies on the methylerythritol-phosphate pathway rather than the mevalonate pathway to synthesize isoprenyl diphosphate,as the MEP pathway operates predominantly in trans-polyisoprene-containing leaves and central peels.Chlorogenic acid biosynthesis pathway enzymes were preferentially expressed in leaves rather than in bark.This assembly with higher sequence contiguity can foster not only studies on genome structure and evolution,gene mapping,epigenetic analysis and functional genomics but also efforts to improve E.ulmoides for industrial and medical uses through genetic engineering. | Yun Li Hairong Wei Jun Yang Kang Du Jiang Li Ying Zhang Tong Qiu Zhao Liu Yongyu Ren Lianjun Song Xiangyang Kang | 2020 | Horticulture Research2020，7，1： | 7 |
| 11 | Induced drill-spray during hydraulic slotting of a coal seam and its influence on gas extraction显示文摘Hydraulic slotting can induce drill spray in a gassy,low permeability coal seam.This then influences subsequent gas extraction.This paper describes the drill spray phenomenon from a mechanical perspective and analyzes the effects of water jet damage during slotting.A simulation of the stresses around the drill hole and slot was prepared using FLAC-3D code.It helps explain the induction of drill spray during hydraulic slotting.The stress concentration around the bore increases as the diameter of the hole increases.As the hole enlarges the variation in stress also increases,which introduces an instability into the coal.This allows easy breaking and removal of the coal.Destruction of the coal structure by the water jet is the major factor causing drill spray.Energy stored as either strain or gas pressure is released by the water jet and this causes the coal to fracture and be expelled from the hole.Field tests showed the effect on gas extraction after slotting with drill spray.The concentration of gas increases after drilling.Compared to conventional techniques,the hydraulic slotted bore gives a gas concentration three times higher and has an effective range twice as far.This makes the gas extraction process more efficient and allows reduced construction effort. | Shen Chunming Lin Baiquan Zhang Qizhi Yang Wei Zhang Lianjun | 2012 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2012，22，6： | 7 |
| 12 | Thymic epithelial progenitor cells and thymus regeneration: an update显示文摘胸腺为 T 房间开发和成熟提供必要微型环境。Thymic 上皮的房间(侦探) 它是 thymic 填写了外皮的上皮的房间(cTECs ) 和 thymic 髓的上皮的房间(mTECs ) ,很好被记录了为这些紧调整的过程批评。侦探的普通祖先房间是否能产生 cTECs 和 mTECs,长是争论的。大进步被取得了在最近的年里描绘普通侦探祖先房间。我们此处在胸腺新生象这些祖先房间一样关于侦探区别讨论唯一的起源范例。 | Lianjun Zhang Liguang Sun Yong Zhao | 2007 | Cell Research2007，17，1： | 7 |
| 13 | Phase I study of CAR-T cells with PD-1 and TCR disruption in mesothelin-positive solid tumors显示文摘Programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)-mediated immunosuppression has been proposed to contribute to the limited clinical efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cells in solid tumors.We generated PD-1 and T cell receptor(TCR)deficient mesothelin-specific CAR-T(MPTK-CAR-T)cells using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and evaluated them in a dose-escalation study.A total of 15 patients received one or more infusions of MPTK-CAR-T cells without prior lymphodepletion.No dose-limiting toxicity or unexpected adverse events were observed in any of the 15 patients.The best overall response was stable disease(2/15 patients).Circulating MPTK-CAR-T cells peaked at days 7–14 and became undetectable beyond 1 month.TCR-positive CAR-T cells rather than TCR-negative CAR-T cells were predominantly detected in effusion or peripheral blood from three patients after infusion.We further confirmed the reduced persistence of TCR-deficient CAR-T cells in animal models.Our results establish the preliminary feasibility and safety of CRISPR-engineered CAR-T cells with PD-1 disruption and suggest that the natural TCR plays an important role in the persistence of CAR-T cells when treating solid tumors. | Zhenguang Wang Na Li Kaichao Feng Meixia Chen Yan Zhang Yang Liu Qingming Yang Jing Nie Na Tang Xingying Zhang Chen Cheng Lianjun Shen Jiaping He Xun Ye Wei Cao Haoyi Wang Weidong Han | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，9： | 7 |
| 14 | Deficiency of Mouse CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+ Regulatory T Cells in Xenogeneic Pig Thymus-Grafted Nude Mice Suffering from Autoimmune Diseases显示文摘Xenogeneic thymus transplantation can efficiently induce specific immune tolerance to donor antigens in athymic recipients. However, many nude mice suffer from autoimmune diseases (AID) for over 10 weeks after xenogeneic thymus transplantation. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells were recently determined to play a pivotal role in keeping immune tolerance in humans and mice. Thus, we investigated this subpopulation of Treg cells in the periphery of pig thymus-grafted nude mice suffering from AID. Our results showed that the expression of Foxp3, CTLA-4 and GITR on mouse CD4+CD25+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells to CD4+ T cells were significantly decreased in the periphery of pig thymus-grafted nude mice suffering from AID, compared with healthy pig or mouse thymus-grafted nude mice. Furthermore, mouse CD4+CD25+ T cells in pig thymus-grafted nude mice suffering from AID showed more severe deficiency in immunosuppressive function compared with the counterpart in xenogeneic pig or syngeneic thymus-grafted nude mice without AID. Thus, the decreased frequency, altered phenotype and functional deficiency of mouse CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in pig thymus-grafted nude mice may contribute to the development of AID in this model. | Baojun Zhang Chenming Sun Yanyan Qu Aijun Zhang Jun Liu Lianjun Zhang Zeqing Niu Yong Zhao | 2008 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2008，5，5： | 6 |
| 15 | The Pre-Sturtian Negative δ^(13)C Excursion of the Dajiangbian Formation Deposited on the Western Margin of Cathaysia Block in South China显示文摘The Dajiangbian Formation in South China is a siliciclastic-dominated sedimentary succession with low-grade metamorphism deposited on the western margin of the Cathaysia Block, and is capped by a glaciogenic diamictite(the Sizhoushan Formation). The Sizhoushan glaciogenic strata can be attributed to the Jiangkou glacial(Sturtian glacial) episode as they share stratigraphic and lithological similarities with Jiangkou strata in South China. Some carbonate, chert and shale units throughout the upper part of the Dajiangbian Formation were sampled for carbonate carbon isotope(δ^(13)C_(carb)) and organic carbon isotope(δ^(13)C_(org)) analyses. A range of geochemical indices including oxygen isotopes(δ^(18)O) and Mn/Sr(Fe/Sr) ratios suggest that primary carbon isotope values were preserved in the upper Dajiangbian Formation. The upper Dajiangbian Formation shows δ^(13)C_(carb) of-0.1‰, upward decreasing towards to-5.4‰. We suggest that the negative δ^(13)C excursion beneath the Sizhoushan diamictite is correlative with the Pre-Sturtian Islay δ^(13)C_(carb) anomaly and allows correlation with the global Neoproterozoic isotope stratigraphy. We find that carbonate and organic carbon isotope data of the upper Dajiangbian Formation are coupled, consistent with the δ^(13)C_(carb)-δ^(13)C_(org) pattern observed on multiple continents. | Lianjun Feng Qirui Zhang | 2016 | Journal of Earth Science2016，27，2： | 4 |
| 16 | Microstructure and composition engineering Yb single-filled CoSb_(3) for high thermoelectric and mechanical performances显示文摘A broad tunability of the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of CoSb_(3) has been demonstrated by adjusting the composition with the addition of an increasing number of elements.However,such a strategy may negatively impact processing repeatability and composition control.In this work,singleelement-filled skutterudite is engineered to have high thermoelectric and mechanical performances.Increased Yb filling fraction is found to increase phonon scattering,whereas cryogenic grinding contributes additional microstructural scattering.A peak zT of 1.55 and an average zT of about 1.09,which is comparable to the reported results of multiple-filled SKDs,are realized by the combination of simple composition and microstructure engineering.Furthermore,the mechanical properties of Yb single-filled CoSb_(3) skutterudite are improved by manipulation of the microstructure through cryogenic grinding.These findings highlight the realistic prospect of producing high-performance thermoelectric materials with reduced compositional complexity. | Zhenxing Zhou Matthias T.Agne Qihao Zhang Shun Wan Qingfeng Song Qing Xu Xiaofang Lu Shijia Gu Yuchi Fan Wan Jiang Gerald Jeffrey Snyder Lianjun Wang | 2019 | Journal of Materiomics2019，5，4： | 4 |
| 17 | Development of an innovative one-step nested PCR strategy for virus detection using the LNA technique显示文摘Dear Editor,Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)is a molecular diagnostic technique that has been widely used for diagnosing viral diseases.Nested PCR(N-PCR)is a variation on the standard PCR technique that involves two amplification steps,yielding greater sensitivity and specificity.But there are two main disadvantages:the protocol is more complex than conventional PCR,and the risk of cross-contamination is relatively high.One-step nested PCR(OSN-PCR)enables conventional N-PCR to be performed as a closed reaction in a single tube that contains both outer and inner primers.This strategy makes OSN-PCR more rapid than N-PCR,lowers the probability of cross-contamination,and requires a smaller amount of reagents. | Ji Wang Li Zhao Zhihua Sun Guixia Li Peihua Niu DANDi Li Lianjun Wang Yi Zhang Zhishan Feng Xuejun Ma | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，3： | 4 |
| 18 | Alterations of peripheral CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)T regulatory cells in mice with STZ-induced diabetes显示文摘Complications arising from abnormal immune responses are the major causes of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients.CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T regulatory cells(Tregs)play pivotal roles in controlling immune homeostasis,immunity and tolerance.The effect of hyperglycemia on CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tregs has not yet been addressed.Here we used streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice to study the effects of long-term hyperglycemia on CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tregs in vivo.Four months after the onset of diabetes,the frequency of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)T regulatory cells was significantly elevated in the spleen,peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs),peripheral lymph nodes(pLNs)and mesenteric LNs(mLNs).CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tregs obtained from mice with diabetes displayed defective immunosuppressive functions and an activated/memory phenotype.Insulin administration rescued these changes in the CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tregs of diabetic mice.The percentage of thymic CD4^(+)CD25^(+)naturally occurring Tregs(nTregs)and peripheral CD41Helios1Foxp31 nTregs were markedly enhanced in diabetic mice,indicating that thymic output contributed to the increased frequency of peripheral CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tregs in diabetic mice.In an in vitro assay in which Tregs were induced fromCD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells by transforming growth factor(TGF)-b,high glucose enhanced the efficiency of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)T inducible Tregs(iTregs)induction.In addition,CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells from diabetic mice were more susceptible to CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)TiTreg differentiation than those cells from control mice.These data,together with the enhanced frequency of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)T iTregs in the periphery of mice with diabetes,indicate that enhanced CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)T iTreg induction also contributes to a peripheral increase in CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tregs in diabetic mice.Our data show that hyperglycemia may alter the frequency of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)T Tregs in mice,which may result in late-state immune dysfunction in patients with diabetes. | Yu Zhen Lina Sun He Liu Kaizhong Duan Chun Zeng Lianjun Zhang Di Jin Jianxia Peng Wenjun Ding Yong Zhao | 2012 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2012，9，1： | 4 |
| 19 | Decomposition Analysis on Direct Material Input and Dematerialization of Mining Cities in Northeast China显示文摘Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995–2004 and to analyze the demateri- alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro- leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco- nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min- ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources’ cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization. | QIU Fangdao TONG Lianjun ZHANG Huimin ZHANG Na | 2009 | Chinese Geographical Science2009，19，2： | 4 |
| 20 | Enforced PGC-1α expression promotes CD8 T cell fitness, memory formation and antitumor immunity显示文摘Memory CD8 T cells can provide long-term protection against tumors,which depends on their enhanced proliferative capacity,self-renewal and unique metabolic rewiring to sustain cellular fitness.Specifically,memory CD8 T cells engage oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation to fulfill their metabolic demands.In contrast,tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)display severe metabolic defects,which may underlie their functional decline.Here,we show that overexpression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha(PGC-1α),the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis(MB),favors CD8 T cell central memory formation rather than resident memory generation.PGC-1α-overexpressing CD8 T cells persist and mediate more robust recall responses to bacterial infection or peptide vaccination.Importantly,CD8 T cells with enhanced PGC-1αexpression provide stronger antitumor immunity in a mouse melanoma model.Moreover,TILs overexpressing PGC-1αmaintain higher mitochondrial activity and improved expansion when rechallenged in a tumor-free host.Altogether,our findings indicate that enforcing mitochondrial biogenesis promotes CD8 T cell memory formation,metabolic fitness,and antitumor immunity in vivo. | Nina Dumauthioz Benjamin Tschumi Mathias Wenes Bastien Marti Haiping Wang Fabien Franco Wenhui Li Isabel CLopez-Mejia Lluis Fajas Ping-Chih Ho Alena Donda Pedro Romero Lianjun Zhang | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，7： | 3 |
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