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| 1 | A 100 W-class traveling-wave thermoacoustic electricity generator显示文摘Experimental investigation on a traveling-wave thermoacoustic electricity generator is presented. In the experiment, more than 100 W electrical power was achieved under 2.5 MPa mean pressure, 64 Hz working frequency and 0.2 MPa pressure amplitude. | LUO ErCang WU ZhangHua DAI Wei LIShanFeng ZHOU Yuan | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，9： | 22 |
| 2 | Experimental investigation of a 500 W traveling-wave thermoacoustic electricity generator显示文摘In this paper, an experimental investigation of a traveling-wave thermoacoustic electricity generator, which consists of a traveling-wave thermoacoustic heat engine and a linear alternator driven by that engine, is presented. Using the results of previous theoretical and experimental research, we designed and fabricated a traveling-wave thermoacoustic heat engine and a linear alternator. In the experiments, 450.9 W of electrical power was obtained with a maximum thermal-to-electrical efficiency of 15.03%, and a maximum electrical power of 481.0 W was achieved with 12.65% thermal-to-electrical efficiency. | WU ZhangHua MAN Man LUO ErCang DAI Wei ZHOU Yuan | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，19： | 17 |
| 3 | Assimilation analysis of Rammasun typhoon structure over Northwest Pacific using satellite data显示文摘The kinetic and thermodynamic structure of typhoon Rammasun (No. 0205) over the Northwest Pacific has been analyzed, using NOAA-16 polar orbiting Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data collected on 2 July, 2002. The three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) assimila-tion technology is used to assimilate the satellite observation. The results show that the characteristics of the 3D typhoon structure can be more reasonably described from the assimi-lated data. The warm-cored structure of the typhoon is en-hanced in the analyzed field, which corresponds to strong typhoon. The typhoon cyclonic circulation in the middle and lower layers is apparently strengthened, and the strong anti-cyclonic circulation appears at the top of the typhoon. The water vapor and its supply in the typhoon are enhanced. The microwave assimilation data may be used to supply the lack of the conventional observation data over the tropical ocean. | ZHANGHua CHOUJifan QIUChongjian | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004，49，4： | 13 |
| 4 | Coupling controls of neotec-tonism and paleoclimate on the Quaternary sediments of the Yangtze (Changjiang) coast显示文摘Attempt has been made to discuss the coupling relation of neotectonism and paleoclimate that have played a critical role in controlling the Quaternary sediment distribu-tion and sedimentary facies evolution on the Yangtze coast. On the basis of petrological analysis, up to six sedimentary cyclicities have been identified in the Quaternary sediment boreholes on the time scale of 0.4―0.5 Ma. The lower sedi-mentary cyclicities (Pliocene to Early Pleistocene) are char-acterized largely by thicker gravelly coarse sands, topped by thinner fine silt and silty clay. Gravels are very angular and clayey gravels prevail. Sediments are usually of poor sorting, rich in log fragments and have no microfossils. Bedload as denoted by C-M plot occurs throughout the section. This evidence represents the alluvial fan sedimentation which took place as the basin began to subside. The middle sedimentary cyclicities (often including Early to Middle Pleistocene) con-sist of basal gravelly sands and clayey silt at the middle and upper sediment sections. Sorting becomes relatively better, and foraminifer appears sporadically. C-M plot reveals the mixture of sediment transport media via bedload, saltation and suspension, representing sedimentation of braided river system at the early stage and subsequently, the sedimentation of meandering river pattern. The upper sedimentary cyclic-ities (including Late Pleistocene to Holocene) comprise basal gravelly sands (exclusive of the Holocene sediment) and thick fine sand and silty clay on the upper section. Sorting becomes fine and foraminifer appears throughout the sediment sec-tion. C-M plot shows that saltation and suspension serve as the main sediment transport media in the sediment section and bedload transport weakens. These evidence the sedi-mentation of meandering river pattern near coast during Late Pleistocene and Holocene time, when marine transgres-sion invaded into the paleoriver valleys, which often forms drowned-valley facies and shallow marine facies. Of note is the Recent delta facies developed on the top of the cyclicities, and characterized by a large proportion of fine sand and siltyclay, and various sedimentary beddings. These phenomena have proved enhanced climate function on sedimentary fa-cies evolution on the basis of previous alluvial fan system, largely affected by tectonic subsidence setting. | WANG Zhangjiao CHEN Zhongyuan WEI Zixin WANG Zhanghua WEI Taoyuan | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，16： | 10 |
| 5 | Origin and Distribution of Groundwater Chemical Fields of the Oilfield in the Songliao Basin,NE China显示文摘There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin: (1) freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, (2) concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, (3) freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, (4) freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and (5) filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields: (1) the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, (2) the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, (3) the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and (4) leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na+ and Cl?, and salinity coefficient (SC) increase, while concentrations of (CO32 ?+HCO3 ?) and SO42 ?, metamorphism coefficient (MC) and desulfuration coefficient (DSC) decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows. | JIN Aimin LOU Zhanghua ZHU Rong CAI Xiyuan GAO Ruiqi | 2005 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2005，79，5： | 8 |
| 6 | An analytical solution to contaminant advection and dispersion through a GCL/AL liner system显示文摘An one-dimensional model for contaminant advection and dispersion through a GCL/AL liner system was developed to analyze the equivalence between a GCL(geosynthetic clay liner) and a CCL(compacted clay liner).The continuity of contaminant concentration and flux at the interface between the GCL and the underlying attenuation liner(AL) are obeyed in the model,and background concentrations in the soil liner are also considered.Based on the assumption that contaminant transport through a GCL was a steady state process,an analytical solution was obtained.Increasing the leachate head from 0.3 m to 10 m results in a reduction of the breakthrough time of benzene by a factor of 2.7.The breakthrough time of benzene increases by a factor of 7.0 when the hydraulic conductivity of GCL decreases by one order of magnitude.The breakthrough curves are more sensitive to the hydraulic conductivities of the GCL and AL(attenuation layer) than to the thickness of the AL.The standard 75 cm CCL can be replaced by a combination of a GCL and a 1.0-4.0 m thickness of AL.The proposed method can be used for preliminary design of GCL composite liners,assessing the equivalence between GCL and CCL,preliminary design of a remediation method for contaminated soils,and evaluating experimental results. | XIE HaiJian LOU ZhangHua CHEN YunMin JIN AiMin CHEN PeiXiong | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，8： | 8 |
| 7 | Origin, Flow of Formation Water and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Zhenwu Area of the North Jiangsu Basin, China显示文摘In order to understand the origin and flow of formation water and to evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation conditions, the properties of formation water chemistry and dynamics of the Zhenwu area in the southern Gaoyou Sag, North Jiangsu Basin, China, have been investigated. The results show that Xuzhuang oilfield is infiltrated discontinuously by meteoric water under gravity, which consequently leads to the desalination of formation water. Formation water in the Zhenwu and Caozhuang oilfields is less influenced by meteoric water infiltration, and the origin is interpreted to be connate water. Hydrocarbon migration, accumulation and preservation are closely related to the hydrodynamic field of formation water. Formation water concentrates gradually during the process of centrifugal flow released by mudstone compaction and the centripetal flow of meteoric water infiltration, leading to the high salinity of the central part. The geological conditions of the southern fault-terrace belt are poor for hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation as meteoric water infiltration, leaching and oxidation, while the central part, i.e., northern Zhenwu and Caozhuang oilfields is beneficial for an abundance of hydrocarbon accumulation. Most of the large scale oil-gas fields locate herein. | LI Mei LOU Zhanghua JIN Aimin ZHU Rong SHANG Changjian YE Ying ZHU Zhenhong | 2013 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2013，87，3： | 8 |
| 8 | Distribution and Geochemical Characteristics of Fluids in Ordovician Marine Carbonate Reservoirs of the Tahe Oilfield显示文摘The Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield are highly heterogeneous, which have undergone multiple superimposed transformations by tectonic activities and karst processes, leading to an extremely complex fluid distribution. The geochemical characteristics of geofluids also display great disparities. Results show that the vertical distribution of oil and gas are continuous, however the oil-water interfaces in different blocks of the Tahe Ordovician Oilfield are numerous. Meteoric water infiltration is regarded as the main reason for the high oil-water interface and high water content to the north of Tahe Oilfield, especially in well blocks S78–S73. The isotopic values of deuterium-oxygen in the groundwater and carbon-oxygen from calcite veins confirm that formation water in Ordovician reservoirs of the Tahe Oilfield was a mix of meteoric water and connate water, and the proportion of meteoric water gradually increases from south to north, while connate water decreases. The Tahe Ordovician reservoirs are characterised by multiple hydrocarbon charges, and the general migrating direction is from southeast to northwest and from east to west. High production could be obtained in the northern area of the Tahe Oilfield since the oil layers are thick and oil is highly saturated. The residual water within the reservoirs is low, and heavy oil is dominant in this area. Only a small amount of pore water has been replaced by oil in the southern Tahe Oilfield, leading to low oil saturation and a high content of residual water. Crude oil is herein mainly of medium-light type. During the process of exploration in this region, acid fracturing reformation is usually required for wells to increase their output; however the yield is still low. | Mei Li Zhanghua Lou Rong Zhu Aimin Jin Ying Ye | 2014 | Journal of Earth Science2014，25，3： | 7 |
| 9 | Shake table study on precast segmental concrete double-column piers显示文摘Seismic capacity,including the ultimate load-carrying capacity and ultimate deformation capacity of precast segmental concrete double-column(PSCDC)piers with steel sleeve(SS)connection or grouted corrugated-metal duct(GCMD)connection,has been verified to be similar to those of cast-in-place(CIP)piers by quasi-static tests.However,the lack of knowledge of seismic response characteristics and damage process of PSCDC piers has limited their application in high-intensity seismic areas.Therefore,shake table tests,using variable types and intensities of seismic ground motions,were performed to investigate the seismic behavior of connection joints and to evaluate the seismic performance of PSCDC piers with SS and GCMD connections.Also,a finite element analysis(FEA)model was developed to study the influence of design parameters on the seismic behavior of the piers.The results showed that the main damage in PSCDC piers was caused by the cyclic opening and closing of connection joints.Under high-intensity ground motions,the PSCDC piers had a lower seismic performance than the CIP piers due to a significant decrease of their integrity and stiffness.The seismic performance of PSCDC piers is comparable to CIP piers when using an appropriate initial stress of the prestressing tendons. | Xia Zhanghua Ge Jiping Lin Youqin Qiu Faqiang | 2020 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2020，19，3： | 5 |
| 10 | A high-performance ther-moacoustic refrigerator oper-ating in room-temperature range显示文摘The working principle of an efficient travelling- wave thermoacoustic refrigerator operating in room-tem- perature range has been analyzed and an experimental set-up has been built. The experiment showed that suppress- ing DC-flow streaming was very critical to efficient operation, and an elastic membrane was used to solve the problem suc- cessfully. At the most efficient operating point, the novel thermoacoustic refrigerator achieved a cooling capacity of about 80 W at ?20℃, with a much higher efficiency than previously developed standing-wave thermoacoustic refrig- erator. | LUO Ercang HUANG Yun DAI Wei ZHANG Yong WU Zhanghua | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，22： | 5 |
| 11 | NOISE REDUCTION SCHEDULING METHOD IN A SHOP FLOOR AND ITS CASE STUDY显示文摘Noise reduction in a shop floor is one of the important parts of green manufacturing. In a shop floor, machine tools are the main noise sources in a shop floor. A new approach is discovered by investigation that the noise can be obviously reduced in a shop floor by optimizing the scheduling between work pieces and machine tools. Based on the discovery, a new method of noise reduction is proposed. A noise reduction scheduling model in a shop floor is established, and the application of the model is also discussed. A case is studied, which shows that the method and model are practical. | LiuFei CaoHuajun ZhangHua YuanChuanping | 2003 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2003，16，4： | 5 |
| 12 | Methanogenesis acceleration of fresh landfilled waste by micro-aeration显示文摘When municipal solid waste(MSW) with high content of food waste is landfilled, the rapid hydrolysis of food waste results in the imbalance of anaerobic metabolism in the landfill layer, indicated by accumulation of volatile fatty acids(VFA) and decrease of pH value. This occurrence could lead to long lag time before the initiation of methanogenesis and to the production of strong leachate. Simulated landfill columns with forced aeration, with natural ventilation, and with no aeration, were monitored regarding their organics degradation rate with leachate recirculation. Hydrolysis reactions produced strong leachate in the column with no aeration. With forced aeration, the produced VFA could be effectively degraded, leading to the reduction in COD of the leachate effluent since the week 3. The CH4 in the landfill gas from the column with aeration rate of 0.39 m3/(m3·d) and frequency of twice/d, leachate recirculation rate of 12.2 mm/d and frequency of twice/d, could amount to 40%(v/v) after only 20 weeks. This amount had increased up to 50% afterward even with no aeration. Most of COD in the recirculated leachate was removed. Using natural ventilation, CH4 could also be produced and the COD of the leachate effluent be reduced after 10 weeks of operation. However, the persistent existence of oxygen in the landfill layer yielded instability in methanogenesis process. | SHAOLi-ming HEPin-jing ZHANGHua YUXiao-hua LIGuo-jian | 2005 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2005，17，3： | 4 |
| 13 | Influence of Higher—Order Dispersions and Raman Delayed Response on Modulation Instability in Microstructured Fibres显示文摘Modulation instability (MI) in microstructured photonic crystal fibres is studied by using an extended nonlinear Schroedinger equation. The roles of arbitrary higher-order dispersions and Raman delayed response in MI are identified. It is shown that all the odd-order dispersions contribute nothing to MI, whereas all the even-order dispersions not only affect the conventional instability regions but also may lead to the appearance of new MI regions. Raman delayed response makes MI occur in both the normal and anomalous dispersive regimes and exerts different influences on the Stokes and anti-Stokes components to some extent. | WENShuang-Chun SUWen-Hua ZHANGHua FUXi-Quan QIANLie-Jia FANDian-Yuan | 2003 | Chinese Physics Letters2003，20，6： | 4 |
| 14 | BP neural networks and random forest models to detect damage by Dendrolimus punctatus Walker显示文摘The construction of a pest detection algorithm is an important step to couple'ground-space'characteristics,which is also the basis for rapid and accurate monitoring and detection of pest damage.In four experimental areas in Sanming City,Jiangle County,Sha County and Yanping District in Fujian Province,sample data on pest damage in 182 sets of Dendrolimus punctatus were collected.The data were randomly divided into a training set and testing set,and five duplicate tests and one eliminating-indicator test were done.Based on the characterization analysis of the host for D.punctatus damage,seven characteristic indicators of ground and remote sensing including leaf area index,standard error of leaf area index(SEL)of pine forest,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),wetness from tasseled cap transformation(WET),green band(B2),red band(B3),near-infrared band(B4)of remote sensing image are obtained to construct BP neural networks and random forest models of pest levels.The detection results of these two algorithms were comprehensively compared from the aspects of detection precision,kappa coefficient,receiver operating characteristic curve,and a paired t test.The results showed that the seven indicators all were responsive to pest damage,and NDVI was relatively weak;the average pest damage detection precision of six tests by BP neural networks was 77.29%,the kappa coefficient was 0.6869 and after the RF algorithm,the respective values were 79.30%and 0.7151,showing that the latter is more optimized,but there was no significant difference(p>0.05);the detection precision,kappa coefficient and AUC of the RF algorithm was higher than the BP neural networks for three pest levels(no damage,moderate damage and severe damage).The detection precision and AUC of BP neural networks were a little higher for mild damage,but the difference was not significant(p>0.05)except for the kappa coefficient for the no damage level(p<0.05).An'over-fitting'phenomenon tends to occur in BP neural networks,while RF method is more robust,providing a detection effect that is better than the BP neural networks.Thus,the application of the random forest algorithm for pest damage and multilevel dispersed variables is thus feasible and suggests that attention to the proportionality of sample data from various categories is needed when collecting data. | Zhanghua Xu Xuying Huang Lu Lin Qianfeng Wang Jian Liu Kunyong Yu Chongcheng Chen | 2020 | Journal of Forestry Research2020，31，1： | 3 |
| 15 | Magnetic properties of Holocene core ZK9 in the subaqueous Yangtze delta and their mechanisms and implications显示文摘我们从水下的 Yangtze 三角洲测量了核心 ZK9 的磁性检验为 Holocene 海水平控制的沉积环境进化使用磁性的代理的机制和可能性。结果证明很磁性的参数的低价值在 c 期间在河口沉积发生了,黄铁矿形成了。10.5-8.4 cal ka BP,当海水平很快升起了时,在 tidaldominated depositional 环境反映占优势的早成岩作用。价值的锋利的增加[ chi ]^潜水艇手臂^( Anhysteresis 残余的 Magnetisation 的危险性),[ chi ]^潜水艇手臂^/[ chi ],[ chi ]^潜水艇手臂^ /SIRM (浸透等温的残余 Magnetisation )和 HIRM (努力等温的残余 Magnetisation )从河口在过渡地区上面立即发生了到 c 的三角形的系统。8.4-5.9 cal ka BP,它暗示单个域的磁铁矿和反铁磁性的矿物质的累积。这些磁性自从 c,由于相对稳定的海水平和联系三角洲 progradation 在核心地点显示提高的淡水过程。5.9 cal ka BP。因此,磁性的代理[chi ]^ 潜水艇手臂 ^ 和 HIRM 是有用的识别最大的泛滥表面。另外, c 的 intertidal-subtidal 沉积。13.2-10.5 cal ka BP 有高价值[chi ] , SIRM 和 HIRM,反映沿海的环境的特征。从 c 的上述参数的锋利的衰落。10.5 cal ka BP 可能显示快速的海水平上升的一个事件[出版摘要] | Yan LIU Zhongfa HE Zhanghua WANG | 2013 | Frontiers of Earth Science2013，7，3： | 3 |
| 16 | Seismic performance of precast bridge columns connected with grouted corrugated-metal duct through biaxial quasi-static experiment and modeling显示文摘In this paper,the seismic behaviors of precast bridge columns connected with grouted corrugated-metal duct(GCMD)were investigated through the biaxial quasi-static experiment and numerical simulation.With a geometric scale ratio of 1:5,five specimens were fabricated,including four precast bridge columns connected with GCMD and one cast-in-place(CIP)bridge column.A finite element analysis model was also established by using OpenSees and was then calibrated by using the experimental results for parameter analysis.The results show the biaxial seismic performance of the precast bridge columns connected with GCMD was similar to the CIP bridge columns regarding ultimate bearing capacity and hysteresis energy,and further,that it could meet the design goal of equivalent performance.The seismic performance of the precast bridge columns connected with GCMD deteriorated more significantly under bi-directional load than under uni-directional load.A proper slenderness ratio(e.g.,7.0-10.0)and longitudinal reinforcement ratio could significantly improve the energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity of the precast bridge columns,while the axial load ratio and concrete strength had little influence on the above properties.The research results could bring insights to the development of the seismic design of precast bridge columns connected with GCMD. | Xia Zhanghua Lin Shangshun He Yongbo Ge Jiping Sun Jinlei | 2021 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2021，20，3： | 3 |
| 17 | Ultra-compact directional couplers and Mach–Zehnder interferometers employing surface plasmon polaritons显示文摘 | Zhanghua Han Liu Liu Erik Forsberg | 2005 | Optics Communications2005，，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Hydrogeochemistry and Origin of Thermal Groundwater in Bedrock Aquifers in Tianjin, China显示文摘Thermal groundwater resources were found to have occurred in deep-seated bedrock aquifers in the northeastern North China plain near Tianjin, China. Meso- to Neo-Proterozoic and Paleozoic carbonate rocks on the Cangxian uplift are capable of yielding 960-4 200 m 3/d of 60 to 96 ℃ water from the wells ranging in depth between 1 000 and 4 000 m. Conductive heat flow of 0.063 to 0.144 2 W/m 2 from the deep crust is responsible for this anomalous geothermal field. The water in the Ordovician aquifer is characterized by relatively high TDS, high concentrations of SO 4 and SO 4·Cl-Na·Ca type, but the waters from the Meso- to Neo-Proterozoic and Cambrian aquifers, by relatively low TDS, low concentrations of SO 4 and predominantly Cl·SO 4-Na type. It is noted that when the temperature of the waters increases at a rate of 10 ℃ in the range of 30-100 ℃, the content of SiO 2 increases at a rate of 12 to 15 mg/L, and fluoride concentration increases at a rate of 2.3 to 2.5 mg/L. Hydrochemical and isotopic data suggest that the thermal water in the bedrock aquifers is of meteoric origin and recharged in the northern mountain area to the north of the Baodi-Ninghe fault, and then flows laterally for a long distance from the north to the south to the city of Tianjin. Temperature of the waters increases because of heat exchange with the rocks and recharge by conductive heat flow from beneath. | ZhouXun FangBin ShenYe ZhangHua LinLi LinJianwang | 2004 | Journal of China University of Geosciences2004，15，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Tabu search algorithm combined with global perturbation for packing arbitrary sized circles into a circular container显示文摘The arbitrary sized circle packing problem (ACP) is concerned about how to pack a number of arbitrary sized circles into a smallest possible circular container without overlapping. As a classical NP-hard problem, ACP is theoretically important and is often encountered in practical applications. Based on the already existing Quasi-physical method, this paper proposes a hybrid algorithm named GP-TS which combines tabu search with global perturbation to solve the two-dimensional ACP. The Quasi-physical method is a continuous optimization method which is used to obtain a local optimal configuration from any initial configuration. The tabu search procedure iteratively updates the incumbent configuration with its best neighboring configuration according to some forbidden rule and aspiration criterion. If the configuration obtained by the tabu search procedure does not satisfy the constraints, the global perturbation operator is subsequently applied in order that the search jumps out of the current local optimum without destroying the incumbent configuration too much. After that, the tabu search procedure is launched again. GP-TS is performed by repeating this process until the stop criterion is met. Computational experiments based on 3 sets of representative instances show that GP-TS can improve many best known results within reasonable time. | HUANG WenQi FU ZhangHua XU RuChu | 2013 | Science China(Information Sciences)2013，56，9： | 2 |
| 20 | Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System S48 to Exploitation显示文摘摘要:Tahe 油矿是奥陶纪碳酸盐形成并且由空间地重叠的破裂洞单位组成的一座复杂石油水库。油矿被源于结构石灰岩地区常见的地形的一个洞系统控制周期的沉积。由于水库的重要异质,油和水的分发是复杂的。水平地,一个新鲜的水地区能在 Akekule 的北方部分由于大气的水被发现高举。走水路引起的边缘的添地区免除了 mudstone 压缩的 A 在南部的斜坡的底部被发现。在引起由的一个 cross-formational 流动分泌物地区定位了向心并且 Cl 的离心的流动, Tahe 油矿的主要部分,展示高咸度和集中吗?并且 K++Na+ ,为烃的累积是有利的。在 Tahe 奥陶纪水库的形成水的三种类型被识别:(1 ) 在在油和煤气的排水量以后的洞的底部的剩余水,(2 ) 在在在油和煤气的排水量以后的洞附近的破裂 / 毛孔的剩余水,并且(3 ) 在水库下面的夹层水。洞系统是主要水库空格,它由在洞之间的主要的洞,分支洞和消沉组成。作为一个例子在奥陶纪水库拿洞系统 S48,纸在洞系统分析液体分发和利用性能。在 cross-formational 期间由于地下水的蒸发流动,在油层是厚的,有排水量的高度的地方,主要的洞的中央部分被高咸度和 Br 描绘吗?集中。与高潜力和一个长稳定的生产时期,在主要的洞的中央部分的大多数井有一个长没有水的采油时期。甚至在水突破以后,水内容有慢或逐步的增加,在主要的洞的中央部分的生产的水的 hydrochemistral 特征是一致的。从中心变得到油 / 气体的主要的洞,排水量和丰富的边更弱, Br 的剩余水增加,和咸度和集中吗?减少。在主要的洞的边,尽管井与一个短稳定的生产时期和没有水的生产时期在开始有高 deliverability。在水突破以后,压力和 deliverability 快速落下,并且水内容快速升起。生产的水的 hydrochemistral 特征是相对一致的。在分支洞的井在开始有相对低的 deliverability,与一个短稳定的生产时期。水突破快速出现然后压力和 deliverability 落下快速。Cl 的咸度和集中?并且 K++Na+ 通常是变动的或在生产的水里慢慢地下降。在古老的石灰岩地区常见的地形的低区域的井有低 deliverability 和一个短稳定的生产时期。收益快速落下,水内容高,当生产的水的特征可以显著地变化很好到井时。Cl 的咸度和集中?并且生产的水里的 K++Na+ 与险峻的衰落通常是变动的。 | LOU Zhanghua ZHU Rong YUN Lu RAN Qihua SU Danyang LI Mei | 2008 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2008，82，3： | 2 |
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