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| 1 | Irritable bowel syndrome:Diagnosis and pathogenesis显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastro-intestinal (GI) disorder that considerably reduces the quality of life. It further represents an economic burden on society due to the high consumption of healthcare resources and the non-productivity of IBS patients. The diagnosis of IBS is based on symptom assessment and the Rome Ⅲ criteria. A combination of the Rome Ⅲ criteria, a physical examination, blood tests, gastros-copy and colonoscopy with biopsies is believed to be necessary for diagnosis. Duodenal chromogranin A cell density is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of IBS. The pathogenesis of IBS seems to be multifactorial, with the following factors playing a central role in the pathogenesis of IBS:heritability and genetics, dietary/intestinal microbiota, low-grade inflammation, and disturbances in the neuroendocrine system (NES) of the gut. One hypothesis proposes that the cause of IBS is an altered NES, which would cause abnormal GI motility, secretions and sensation. All of these abnormalities are characteristic of IBS. Alterations in the NES could be the result of one or more of the following:genetic factors, dietary intake, intestinal flora, or lowgrade inflammation. Post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease-associated IBS (IBD-IBS) represent a considerable subset of IBS cases. Patients with PI-and IBD-IBS exhibit low-grade mucosal inflammation, as well as abnormalities in the NES of the gut. | Magdy El-Salhy | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，37： | 48 |
| 2 | 5-HT在肠易激综合征发病机制中的研究现状显示文摘肠易激综合征(IBS)是常见的功能性胃肠病之一,其发生与5-羟色胺(5-HT)系统的功能改变密切相关。5-HT系统功能改变通常包括5-HT受体及其亚型、5-HT转运体(SERT)及其多态性等改变,参与调节胃肠道感觉、运动、分泌等功能,并与精神心理活动异常密切相关。本文就5-HT在IBS发病机制中的研究现状作一综述。 | 周应初 周鹤俊 刘斌 | 2011 | 胃肠病学2011，16，7： | 23 |
| 3 | Recent developments in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, the pathophysiology of which is not completely known, although it has been shown that genetic/social learning factors, diet, intestinal microbiota, intestinal low-grade inflammation, and abnormal gastrointestinal endocrine cells play a major role. Studies of familial aggregation and on twins have confirmed the heritability of IBS. However, the proposed IBS risk genes are thus far nonvalidated hits rather than true predisposing factors. There is no convincing evidence that IBS patients suffer from food allergy/intolerance, with the effect exerted by diet seemingly caused by intake of poorly absorbed carbohydrates and fiber. Obesity is a possible comorbidity of IBS. Differences in the microbiota between IBS patients and healthy controls have been reported, but the association between IBS symptoms and specific bacterial species is uncertain. Low-grade inflammation appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of a major subset of IBS, namely postinfectious IBS. The density of intestinal endocrine cells is reduced in patients with IBS, possibly as a result of genetic factors, diet, intestinal microbiota, and low-grade inflammation interfering with the regulatory signals controlling the intestinal stem-cell clonogenic and differentiation activities. Furthermore, there is speculation that this decreased number of endocrine cells is responsible for the visceral hypersensitivity, disturbed gastrointestinal motility, and abnormal gut secretion seen in IBS patients. | Magdy El-Salhy | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，25： | 17 |
| 4 | 5-羟色胺与肠易激综合征发病相关性的荟萃分析显示文摘目的:运用荟萃分析的方法,对病例研究结果进行荟萃分析,探讨5-羟色胺(5-HT)与IBS发病的相关性,为进一步研究该病的发病机制提供参考。方法:在中国知网、维普资源系统、PubMed搜索2000-2011年有关5-羟色胺与肠易激综合征的腹泻型(IBS-D)、便秘型(IBS-C)发病相关性研究的论文,采用Stata 12软件对病例研究结果进行荟萃分析。结果:检索到108篇中文文献,98篇英文文献,共有5篇文献符合纳入标准。5-HT含量的检测方法均为肠黏膜活检,对照组为健康人或者肠息肉摘除术后复查的病人,同时无腹痛腹泻便秘等不适。IBS-D组与对照组的5-HT含量进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IBS-C组与对照组的5-HT含量进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IBS-D组与IBS-C组的5-HT含量进行比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:5-HT在IBS-D和IBS-C的发病过程中均发挥作用,但在IBS-D与IBS-C患者之间5-HT含量无明显差异,考虑5-HT在IBS-D与IBS-C的发病机制中发挥的作用可能相同。 | 赵炜 黄穗平 | 2013 | 中国实验方剂学杂志2013，19，1： | 16 |
| 5 | Inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome:Myth or newtreatment target?显示文摘Low-grade intestinal inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), and this role is likely to be multifactorial. The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence on the spectrum of mucosal inflammation in IBS, highlighting the relationship of this inflammation to the pathophysiology of IBS and its connection to clinical practice. We carried out a bibliographic search in Medline and the Cochrane Library for the period of January 1966 to December 2014, focusing on publications describing an interaction between inflammation and IBS. Several evidences demonstrate microscopic and molecular abnormalities in IBS patients. Understanding the mechanisms underlying low-grade inflammation in IBS may help to design clinical trials to test the efficacy and safety of drugs that target this pathophysiologic mechanism. | Emanuele Sinagra Giancarlo Pompei Giovanni Tomasello Francesco Cappello Gaetano Cristian Morreale Georgios Amvrosiadis Francesca Rossi Attilio Ignazio Lo Monte Aroldo Gabriele Rizzo Dario Raimondo | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，7： | 16 |
| 6 | 中华蟾蜍变态发育过程中消化道内分泌细胞的演变显示文摘目的研究中华蟾蜍(Bufo gar garizans)变态发育过程中消化道5-羟色胺(5-HT)、生长抑素(SS)、胃泌素(GAS)、胰高血糖素(GLU)和胰多肽(PP)等5种胃肠激素内分泌细胞的分布密度、组织学定位及形态的演变。方法应用链霉卵白素-过氧化物酶(SP)免疫组织化学方法,每个变态发育时期取6只动物。结果 5-HT细胞在中华蟾蜍变态发育各个时期消化道中均有分布,在孵出期起始出现于消化道中部,变态前期之后整个消化道均有分布,消化道中部5-HT细胞的密度显著增加(P<0.05),从变态高峰期至幼蟾期,食道和贲门5-HT细胞的密度增加非常显著(P<0.05);GAS细胞在幼蟾期才开始出现,主要集中于十二指肠,幽门处偶见;SS细胞在变态高峰期开始出现,仅在胃体和十二指肠偶有分布,幼蟾期分布于食道至空肠的各段,细胞密度显著增加(P<0.05);GLU细胞在中华蟾蜍变态发育各个时期消化道中均有分布,变态前期之后消化道中部GLU细胞的分布密度增加非常显著(P<0.05);PP细胞在变态发育的各个时期均未检测出。在孵出期,内分泌细胞主要位于固有层,呈圆形;变态早期和前期,主要位于单层柱状上皮细胞之间,呈圆形、椭圆形或梭形;变态高峰期,内分泌细胞主要位于腺泡细胞或上皮细胞基部,固有膜中偶见,呈椭圆形或锥形;在幼蟾期,主要位于腺泡细胞和黏膜上皮细胞之间,呈圆形或椭圆形,且个别细胞具有较长的胞突伸向肠腔。结论与其他两栖动物相比,中华蟾蜍消化道内分泌细胞在变态发育过程中的演变既有一定的共性,也存在着种间差异,内分泌细胞的演变与消化生理活动及个体生理活动的变化相适应。 | 潘洪珍 陈洪洪 李洋 汪润 张盛周 | 2010 | 解剖学报2010，41，4： | 11 |
| 7 | Endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach in patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM: To study the different endocrine cell types in the oxyntic mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS: Seventy-six patients with IBS were included in the study(62 females and 14 males; mean age 32 years, range 18-55 years), of which 40 also fulfilled the Rome Ⅲ criteria for functional dyspepsia(FDP). Of the entire IBS cohort, 26 had diarrhea as the predominant symptom(IBS-D), 21 had a mixture of diarrhea and constipation(IBS-M), and 29 had constipation as the predominant symptom(IBS-C). Fortythree age and sex-matched healthy volunteers withoutany gastrointestinal complaints served as controls. The patients were asked to complete the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire. Both the patients and controls underwent a standard gastroscopy, during which three biopsy samples were taken from the corpus. Sections from these biopsy samples were immunostained using the avidin-biotin complex(ABC) method, for ghrelin, serotonin, somatostatin and histamine. The densities of these cell types and immunoreactivity intensities were quantified using computerized image analysis with Olympus cellSens imaging software(version 1.7).RESULTS: The densities of the ghrelin cells in the control, IBS-total, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C groups were 389(320, 771), 359(130, 966), 966(529, 1154), 358(120, 966) and 126(0, 262) cells/mm2, respectively. There was a significant difference between the tested groups(P < 0.0001). Dunn's multiple comparison test showed that the ghrelin cell density was significantly higher in IBS-D and lower in IBS-C than in the controls(P = 0.03 and 0.0008, respectively). The ghrelin cell density in patients with both IBS and FDP was 489(130, 966), and in those with IBS only 490(130, 956). There was no statistical significant difference between these 2 groups of patients(P = 0.9). The immunoreactivity intensity did not differ between any of the groups(P = 0.6). The diarrhea score of the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire was significantly positively correlated with ghrelin cell density(r = 0.65; P < 0.0001) and significantly inversely correlated with that of constipation(r = 90.69; P < 0.0001). The densities of the serotonin cells were 63(51, 82), 51(25, 115), 120(69, 128), 74(46, 123) and 40(0, 46) cells/mm2 in the control, IBS-total, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the tested groups(P < 0.0001). Posttest revealed that serotonin cell density was significantly higher in IBS-D and lower in IBS-C than in controls(P = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively), but did not differ in the IBS-total and IBS-M groups from that in controls(P = 0.5 and 0.4, respectively). The serotonin cell densityin patients with both IBS and FDP was 62(25, 115)and in those with IBS only 65(25, 123). There was no statistically significant difference between these2 groups of patients(P = 1). The immunoreactivity intensity of serotonin did not differ significantly between any of the groups(P = 0.0.9). The serotonin cell density was significantly positively correlated with the diarrhea score of the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire(r = 0.56; P < 0.0001) and significantly inversely correlated with that of constipation(r = 0.51;P < 0.0001). The densities of the somatostatin cells were 97(72, 126), 72(0, 206), 29(0, 80), 46(0, 103)and 206(194, 314) cells/mm2 in the control, IBS-total,IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C groups, respectively(Figures7 and 8). There was a statistically significant difference between the controls and the IBS subgroups(P <0.0001). The density of somatostatin cells was significantly lower in the IBS-D and IBS-M groups but higher in IBS-C patients than in the controls(P < 0.01, P =0.02, and P = 0.0008, respectively). The somatostatin cell density in patients with both IBS and FDP was 86(0-194), and in those with IBS only 110(0-206). There was no statistically significant difference between these 2 groups of patients(P = 0.6). There was no significant difference in somatostatin immunoreactivity intensity between the controls. The diarrhea score of the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire was inversely correlated with somatostatin cell density(r =0.38; P = 0.0007) and was positively correlated with that of constipation(r = 0.64; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: The finding of abnormal endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa shows that the endocrine cell disturbances in IBS are not restricted to the intestine. Furthermore, it appears that ghrelin, serotonin and somatostatin in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach may play an important role in the changing stool habits in IBS through their effects on intestinal motility. | Magdy El-Salhy Odd Helge Gilja Doris Gundersen Trygve Hausken | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，5： | 11 |
| 8 | 金荞麦提取物对肠易激综合征大鼠肥大细胞,PAR-2,SP的影响显示文摘目的:观察金荞麦提取物(Fag)对肠易激综合征(IBS)模型大鼠内脏高敏感的作用以及对肥大细胞(MC),蛋白酶激活受体·2(PAR-2),P物质(sP)的影响。方法:将清洁级新生雄性乳大鼠采用新生期母婴分离、乙酸灌肠、鸡卵清白蛋白腹腔注射的复合造模方法制备IBS内脏高敏感模型,大鼠随机分为正常组(生理盐水),模型组(生理盐水),Fag低、中、高剂量组(0.14,0.42,1.26g·kg^-1),酮替芬组(0.18mg·kg^-1),每组10只,连续灌胃14d。采用腹壁撤退反应(AWR)评估大鼠内脏敏感性,免疫组化法(immunohistochemistry)检测大鼠结肠MC数量、脱颗粒程度,蛋白免疫印迹法(Westernblot)检测PAR-2蛋白表达,免疫组化、酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测大鼠结肠sP水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组20,40,60mmHg(1mmHg:0.133kPa)压力下AWR评分明显升高,结肠MC数量,脱颗粒程度,PAR.2,SP表达明显上升(P〈0.05);与模型组比较,Fag中剂量组(20,40,60mmHg压力下),Fag高剂量组(20,40mmHg压力下)的AWR评分,远端结肠MC数量,脱颗粒程度,PAR-2,sP表达明显下降(P〈0.05);与酮替芬组比较,Fag高剂量组AWR评分(40mmHg压力下),SP水平降低(P〈0.05)。结论:Fag能降低IBS模型大鼠内脏敏感性,其机制与抑制MC数量及活化脱颗粒程度,下调PAR.2受体,降低SP有关,并且镇痛作用优于酮替芬。 | 严晶 刘丽娜 陆茵 尚文斌 鲁俊 葛飞 余利华 彭雯 于希忠 张颢 赵娟 孙志广 | 2018 | 中国实验方剂学杂志2018，24，2： | 9 |
| 9 | 肥大细胞在肠易激综合征发病机制中的研究进展显示文摘肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是以腹痛、腹部不适伴排便习惯改变和/或大便性状异常为特征的常见功能性胃肠病.IBS全球患病率为2%-15%.本病病因及发病机制尚不十分明确,目前认为多与胃肠动力异常、内脏高敏、感染与炎症、神经-内分泌失调、精神心理、食物过敏等多种因素有关.近年来提出的'神经-免疫-内分泌网络'理论在IBS发病机制中占有重要地位.研究发现,胃肠道的肥大细胞(mast cells,MCs)在IBS的发病中发挥着重要作用.本文拟以MCs在IBS中的发病机制的最新研究进展作一综述. | 罗和生 赵运志 张法灿 张国 | 2012 | 世界华人消化杂志2012，20，19： | 7 |
| 10 | 补脾益肠丸对肠易激综合征内脏高敏模型大鼠的影响显示文摘目的:探讨补脾益肠丸对肠易激综合征(IBS)内脏高敏大鼠模型的防治作用及其机制。方法:采用母子分离内脏高敏感模型模拟肠易激综合征肠道表现,通过动态变化、水应激排便实验及5-HT水平检测观察补脾益肠丸对IBS的影响。结果:母子分离模型可模拟IBS肠道高敏状态,模型大鼠肠腔压力值显著降低,水应激排便颗粒显著增加,结肠及脑组织5-HT含量增高;经治疗后,补脾益肠丸大(6g/kg)、中剂量(3g/kg)可明显降低母子分离内脏高敏模型大鼠肠道敏感性,减少水应激刺激引起的排便数量,降低结肠及脑组织5-HT含量,为临床治疗IBS提供依据。结论:补脾益肠丸能明显缓解IBS内脏高敏模型大鼠肠道症状,其机制可能与调节肠道及中枢5-HT含量有关。 | 莫国强 郭钟慧 何风雷 李燕舞 王汝俊 | 2013 | 中药药理与临床2013，29，2： | 6 |
| 11 | Alterations in serotonin, transient receptor potential channels and protease-activated receptors in rats with irritable bowel syndrome attenuated by Shugan decoction显示文摘AIM:To determine the molecular mechanisms of Shugan decoction(SGD) in the regulation of colonic motility and visceral hyperalgesia(VHL) in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:The chemical compounds contained in SGD were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.A rat model of IBS was induced by chronic water avoidance stress(WAS).The number of fecal pellets was counted after WAS and the pain pressure threshold was measured by colorectal distension.Morphological changes in colonic mucosa were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The contents of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin colonic tissue and calcitonin-gene-related peptide(CGRP)in serum were measured by ELISA.The protein expression of serotonin[5-hydroxytryptamide(5-HT)],serotonin transporter(SERT),chromogranin A(Cg A)and CGRP incolon tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:SGD inhibited colonic motility dysfunction and VHL in rats with IBS.Blockers of transient receptor potential(TRP)vanilloid 1(TRPV1)(Ruthenium Red)and TRP ankyrin-1(TRPA1)(HC-030031)and activator of protease-activated receptor(PAR)4 increased the pain pressure threshold,whereas activators of PAR2and TRPV4 decreased the pain pressure threshold in rats with IBS.The effect of SGD on pain pressure threshold in these rats was abolished by activators of TRPV1(capsaicin),TRPV4(RN1747),TRPA1(Polygodial)and PAR2(AC55541).In addition,CGRP levels in serum and colonic tissue were both increased in these rats.TNF-αlevel in colonic tissue was also significantly upregulated.However,the levels of 5-HT,SERT and Cg A in colonic tissue were decreased.All these pathological changes in rats with IBS were attenuated by SGD.CONCLUSION:SGD alleviated VHL and attenuated colon motility in IBS,partly by regulating TRPV1,TRPV4,TRPA1,PAR2,5-HT,Cg A and SERT,and reducing CGRP and TNF-αlevel. | Hai-Lian Shi Chu-Hsuan Liu Li-Li Ding Yu Zheng Xiao-Yan Fei Lu Lu Xue-Ming Zhou Jian-Ye Yuan Jian-Qun Xie | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，16： | 6 |
| 12 | Elevated pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic mucosal lipids characterise irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM:To investigate the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)by comparing the global mucosal metabolic profiles of IBS patients with those of healthy controls.METHODS:Fifteen IBS patients fulfilling the Rome Ⅱcriteria,and nine healthy volunteers were included in the study.A combined lipidomics(UPLC/MS)and metabolomics(GC×GC-TOF)approach was used to achieve global metabolic profiles of mucosal biopsies from the ascending colon.RESULTS:Overall,lipid levels were elevated in patients with IBS.The most significant upregulation was seen for pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines.Other lipid groups that were significantly upregulated in IBS patients were lipotoxic ceramides,glycosphingolipids,and di-and triacylglycerols.Among the metabolites,the cyclic ester 2(3H)-furanone was almost 14-fold upregulated in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects(P=0.03).CONCLUSION:IBS mucosa is characterised by a distinct pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic metabolic profile.Especially,there was an increase in several lipid species such as lysophospholipids and ceramides. | Kajsa Kajander Eveliina Myllyluoma Sinikka Kyrnpalo Martin Rasmussen Pentti Sipponen Ismo Mattila Tuulikki Seppnen-Laakso Heikki Vapaatalo Matej Orei Riitta Korpela | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，48： | 5 |
| 13 | 极北鲵肠内5-羟色胺、胃泌素和生长抑素内分泌细胞胚后发育显示文摘目的观察极北鲵胚后发育期间肠内5-羟色胺(5-HT)、胃泌素(gastrin,GAS)和生长抑素(somatostatin,SS)3种内分泌细胞的分布、形态和数量变化。方法应用亲和素-生物素复合物(avidin-biotin complex,ABC)法免疫组织化学技术,对38-46期健康极北鲵肠内5-羟色胺(5-HT)、胃泌素(GAS)和生长抑素(SS)细胞进行染色,并统计分析不同时期极北鲵肠内3种内分泌细胞的密度。结果 5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞和GAS免疫反应阳性细胞最先在41期检出,而SS免疫反应阳性细胞在42期才检测到。5-HT细胞在41期最少,46期最多,呈年龄相关的递增趋势;GAS细胞在43期最少,44期最多,呈先减后增变化趋势;SS细胞在43期密度高于其它各时期。5-HT细胞最先分布在上皮基部,GAS细胞和SS细胞最先在肠上皮之间检测到。细胞形态多样,有椭圆形、三角形和锥体形等,但以锥体形为主。结论极北鲵胚后不同发育时期肠内3种内分泌细胞的形态与其个体生理活动的改变相适应,且在数量变化上有其种属特异性。 | 李淑兰 周立丽 张婷婷 | 2016 | 中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志2016，25，4： | 5 |
| 14 | Endocrine cells in the ileum of patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM:To study the ileal endocrine cell types in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)patients.METHODS:Ninety-eight patients with IBS(77 females and 21 males;mean age 35 years,range 18-66 years)were included,of which 35 patients had diarrhea(IBS-D),31 patients had a mixture of both diarrhea and constipation(IBS-M),and 32 patients had constipation(IBS-C)as the predominant symptoms.The controls were 38 subjects(26 females and 12 males;mean age 40 years,range 18-65 years)who had submitted to colonoscopy for the following reasons:gastrointestinal bleeding,where the source of bleeding was identified as hemorrhoids(n=24)or angiodysplasia(n=3),and health worries resulting from a relative being diagnosed with colon carcinoma(n=11).The patients were asked to complete the:Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire.Ileal biopsy specimens from all subjects were immunostained using the avidinbiotin-complex method for serotonin,peptide YY(PYY),pancreatic polypeptide(PP),enteroglucagon,and somatostatin cells.The cell densities were quantified by computerized image analysis,using Olympus cellSens imaging software.RESULTS:The gender and age distributions did not differ significantly between the patients and the controls(P=0.27 and P=0.18,respectively).The total score of Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire was21±0.8,and the three underlying dimensions:pain,diarrhea,and constipation were 7.2±0.4,6.6±0.4,and 7.2±0.4,respectively.The density of serotonin cells in the ileum was 40.6±3.6 cells/mm2in the controls,and 11.5±1.2,10.7±5.6,10.0±1.9,and13.9±1.4 cells/mm2in the all IBS patients(IBS-total),IBS-D,IBS-M,and IBS-C patients,respectively.The density in the controls differed significantly from those in the IBS-total,IBS-D,IBS-M,and IBS-C groups(P<0.0001,P=0.0001,P=0.0001,and P<0.0001,respectively).There was a significant inverse correlation between the serotonin cell density and the pain dimension of Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire(r=-0.6,P=0.0002).The density of PYY cells was 26.7±1.6 cells/mm2in the controls,and 33.1±1.4,27.5±1.4,34.1±2.5,and 41.7±3.1 cells/mm2in the IBStotal,IBS-D,IBS-M,and IBS-C patients,respectively.This density differed significantly between patients with IBS-total and IBS-C and the controls(P=0.03 and<0.0001,respectively),but not between controls and,IBS-D,and IBS-M patients(P=0.8,and P=0.1,respectively).The density of PYY cells correlated significantly with the degree of constipation as recorded by the Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire(r=0.6,P=0.0002).There were few PP-,enteroglucagon-,and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the biopsy material examined,which made it impossible to reliably quantify these cells.CONCLUSION:The decrease of ileal serotonin cells is associated with the visceral hypersensitivity seen in all IBS subtypes.The increased density of PYY cells in IBS-C might contribute to the constipation experienced by these patients. | Magdy El-Salhy Odd Helge Gilja Doris Gundersen Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 5 |
| 15 | Food allergy in irritable bowel syndrome:The case of non-celiac wheat sensitivity显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, having a prevalence of 12%-30% in the general population. Most patientswith IBS attribute their symptoms to adverse food reactions. We review the role of diet in the pathogenesis of IBS and the importance of dietary factors in the management of these patients. The MEDLINE electronic database(1966 to Jan 2015) was searched using the following keywords: 'food', 'diet', 'food allergy', 'food hypersensitivity', 'food intolerance', 'IBS', 'epidemiology', 'pathogenesis', 'pathophysiology', 'diagnosis', 'treatment'. We found 153 eligible papers; 80 were excluded because: not written in English, exclusive biochemical and experimental research, case reports, reviews, and research otherwise not relevant to our specific interest. We selected 73 papers: 43 original papers, 26 reviews and 4 letters to the editor. These papers focused on IBS pathogenesis, the association between IBS and atopy, and between IBS and food allergy, the relationship between IBS and non-celiac wheat sensitivity, the role of diet in IBS. Pending further scientific evidence, a cautious approach is advisable but the concept of food allergy should be included as a possible cause of IBS, and a dietary approach may have a place in the routine clinical management of IBS. | Pasquale Mansueto Alberto D'Alcamo Aurelio Seidita Antonio Carroccio | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，23： | 5 |
| 16 | 饥饿和冬眠期牛蛙胃肠胰系统内分泌细胞的变化显示文摘所有散在分布于消化道黏膜和胰腺分泌肽类或胺类激素的内分泌细胞统称为胃肠胰(Gastro-Entero- Pancreatic, GEP)系统内分泌细胞,其与神经系统和外分泌腺互相配合,共同调控和调节消化、吸收及体内一些其他生理过程[1-6]。目前,对脊椎动物GEP内分泌系统已进行广泛而深入的研究,发现了30多种类型的内分泌细胞[1]。应用免疫组织化学方法对两栖动物 GEP 内分泌细胞进行研究,也有不少报道,共检测到10多种内分泌细胞[7-9]。研究表明[9-11],动物 GEP 内分泌细胞的种类和分布型可能是长期进化过程中对特殊食性适应的结果,同时受食物成分、环境条件和病理变化等多种因素的影响。 | 陈慧 郭慧 方翔 彭莉 韩敏捷 张盛周 | 2014 | 水生生物学报2014，38，1： | 5 |
| 17 | 5-HT转运体基因启动子区多态性与便秘型肠易激综合征易感性关系的meta分析显示文摘背景:便秘型肠易激综合征(C-IBS)是一种常见的功能性肠病,国内外关于5-HT转运体基因启动子区(5-HTTLPR)多态性与C-IBS易感性关系的研究结果存在差异.目的:采用meta分析评价5-HTTLPR多态性与C-IBS易感性的关系.方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CBM、CNKI和万方数据库,检索时限均从建库至2013年9月.选取国内外关于5-HTTLPR多态性与C-IBS发病风险关系的病例对照研究,按照纳入标准筛选文献、提取资料后,采用Stata 12.0软件行meta分析.结果:最终纳入14项研究,包括749例C-IBS患者和1 821名健康对照,STREGA质量评分为5~6分.Meta分析显示5-HTTLPR多态性与C-IBS发病风险相关(L vs.S:OR=1.21,95% CI:1.03~1.47; LL vs.SS:OR=1.57,95% CI:1.08~2.29; LL vs.LS:OR=1.68,95% CI:1.12~2.54;LL vs.LS+SS:OR=1.59,95% CI:1.14~2.23).亚组分析显示,高加索人群中L vs.S(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.04~1.54)、LL vs.SS(OR=1.58,95% CI:1.06~2.37)、LL vs.LS+SS(OR=1.36,95% CI:1.01~ 1.82)遗传模型与C-IBS发病风险存在相关性,而亚洲人群中5-HTTLPR多态性与C-IBS发病无关.结论:基于本研究结果,5-HTTLPR多态性与C-IBS易感性的关系存在人种差异,在高加索人群中,携带L等位基因和LL基因型可能是C-IBS易感的危险因素,但上述结论仍需进一步验证. | 张伟 孙建华 沈洪 裴丽霞 吴晓亮 陈璐 焦黛妍 | 2014 | 胃肠病学2014，19，4： | 5 |
| 18 | Adaptive changes of gastro-entero-pancreatic system endocrine cells in the black-spotted pond frog Rana nigromaculata after fasting显示文摘Changes in distribution density,morphology and secretory content of endocrine cells in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system of black-spotted frogs Rana nigromaculata before and after fasting were investigated using immunohistochemistry and antisera to six gut hormones.Six types of endocrine cells were detected in the digestive tract of Rana nigromaculata,including 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),gastrin(GAS),somatostatin(SOM),glucagon(GLU),pancreatic polypeptide(PP)and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP)cells.After fasting,the density of 5-HT cells in the esophagus,cardia and fundus,GAS cells in the fundus and pylorus,PP cells in the fundus decreased significantly(P<0.01),while SOM cells in the cardia,GLU cells in the rectum increased significantly(P<0.01).The cytoplasmic processes of 5-HT cells became shorter or not detectable.The secretory content of GAS cells reduced in the cardia.The positive immunostaining reaction in the perinuclear region of SOM cells in the cardia,fundus and pylorus became weaker,while the staining intensity in the periphery of these cells became stronger.VIP cells were not detectable in the whole digestive tract after fasting.Five types of endocrine cells were found in the pancreas of Rana nigromaculata,including 5-HT,GAS,SOM,GLU and PP cells.After fasting,the density of 5-HT cells decreased slightly(P>0.05),while SOM,GAS,GLU and PP cells increased significantly(P<0.01).Furthermore,the secretory content of GLU cells increased significantly.Considering their functionalities,our results indicate that the changes of GEP endocrine cells in Rana nigromaculata responded adaptively to starvation-induced stress. | Hongzhen PAN Honghong CHEN Lianjiu ZHU Yang LI Changchun LI Shengzhou ZHANG | 2009 | Current Zoology2009，55，4： | 4 |
| 19 | 5-羟色胺与肠易激综合征的内脏高敏感性显示文摘肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种常见的功能性胃肠病,由于缺少明确的结构和生化改变,其临床诊断和治疗均有一定难度。目前认为内脏高敏感性和胃肠道动力异常是IBS的病理生理基础,近年来探索内脏高敏感性的形成机制成为IBS研究的热点。研究显示5-羟色胺(5-HT)可能与内脏高敏感性相关。5-HT相关制剂用于IBS的治疗已取得一定疗效。5-HT在内脏高敏感性形成机制中作用的研究将有助于IBS病理生理机制的阐明和临床新药的开发。 | 张丽妍 陈胜良 | 2009 | 胃肠病学2009，14，8： | 3 |
| 20 | 遗传多态性与肠易激综合征发病的关系显示文摘肠易激综合征(irrita blebowel syndrome,IBS)是最常见的一种功能性疾病,病因尚不清楚,先前的研究表明其发病机制与下列因素有关:胃肠动力学异常,内脏感觉异常,精神因素,神经递质和肠道菌群失衡,肠道感染以及食物不耐受等因素.而近来遗传因素和IBS发病关系的研究也进一步深入,本文综述遗传和相关基因多态性与IBS发病之间的联系. | 邱敏霞 刘诗 | 2008 | 世界华人消化杂志2008，16，17： | 3 |
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