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| 1 | Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrin and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric carcinogenesis显示文摘Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and a main cause of death worldwide, especially in China and Japan. Numerous epidemiological, animal and experimental studies support a positive association between chronic Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the development of gastric cancer. However, the exact mechanism whereby H. pylori causes gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. It has been demonstrated that expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is elevated in gastric carcinomas and in their precursor lesions. In this review, we present the latest clinical and experimental evidence showing the role of gastrin and COX-2 in H. pylori-infected patients and their possible association with gastric cancer risk. | Yun Shao Kun Sun Wei Xu Xiao-Lin Li Hong Shen Wei-Hao Sun | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 14 |
| 2 | Helicobacter pylori infection: New pathogenetic and clinical aspects显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects more than half of the world’s human population,but only 1%to3%of infected people consequently develop gastric adenocarcinomas.The clinical outcome of the infection is determined by host genetic predisposition,bacterial virulence factors,and environmental factors.The association between H.pylori infection and chronic active gastritis,peptic ulcer disease,gastric cell carcinoma,and B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has been well established.With the exception of unexplained iron deficiency anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,H.pylori infection has no proven role in extraintestinal diseases.On the other hand,there is data showing that H.pylori infection could be beneficial for some human diseases.The unpredictability of the long-term consequences of H.pylori infection and the economic challenge in eradicating it is why identification of high-risk individuals is crucial. | Krisztina Hagymási Zsolt Tulassay | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，21： | 13 |
| 3 | Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis显示文摘Gastric cancer still is a major concern as the third most common cancer worldwide, despite declining rates of incidence in many Western countries. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is the major cause of gastric carcinogenesis, and its infection insults gastric mucosa leading to theoccurrence of atrophic gastritis which progress to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, early gastric cancer, and advanced gastric cancer consequently. This review focuses on multiple factors including microbial virulence factors, host genetic factors, and environmental factors, which can heighten the chance of occurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma due to H. pylori infection. Bacterial virulence factors are key components in controlling the immune response associated with the induction of carcinogenesis, and cag A and vac A are the most well-known pathogenic factors. Host genetic polymorphisms contribute to regulating the inflammatory response to H. pylori and will become increasingly important with advancing techniques. Environmental factors such as high salt and smoking may also play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. It is important to understand the virulence factors, host genetic factors, and environmental factors interacting in the multistep process of gastric carcinogenesis. To conclude, prevention via H. pylori eradication and controlling environmental factors such as diet, smoking, and alcohol is an important strategy to avoid H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. | Hyo Jun Ahn Dong Soo Lee | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2015，7，12： | 10 |
| 4 | Inflammatory microenvironment contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The major cause of GC is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori). Infection with H. pylori leads to an active inflammatory microenvironment that is maintained by immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, among other cells. Immune cell dysfunction allows the initiation and accumulation of mutations in GC cells, inducing aberrant proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Meanwhile, immune cells can secrete certain signals, including cytokines, and chemokines, to alter intracellular signaling pathways in GC cells. Thus, GC cells obtain the ability to metastasize to lymph nodes by undergoing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT), whereby epithelial cells lose their epithelial attributes and acquire a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Metastasis is a leading cause of death for GC patients, and the involved mechanisms are still under investigation. In this review, we summarize the current research on how the inflammatory environment affects GC initiation and metastasis via EMT. | Hui-Ying Ma Xin-Zhou Liu Chun-Min Liang | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，29： | 6 |
| 5 | Polymorphisms in mucin genes in the development of gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is the third leading cause of cancerrelated death worldwide.In areas of high prevalence,such as Japan,South Korea and China,most cases of GC are related to Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),which involves well-characterized sequential stages,including infection,atrophic gastritis,intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia,and GC.Mucins are the most abundant highmolecular-weight glycoproteins in mucus,which is the first line of defense and plays a major role in blocking pathogenic factors.Normal gastric mucosa shows expression of MUC1,MUC5 AC and MUC6 that is specific to cell type.However,the specific pattern of MUC1,MUC5 AC and MUC6 expression is changed in gastric carcinogenesis,accompanied by de novo expression of secreted MUC2.Recent studies have provided evidence that variations in these mucin genes affect many steps of GC development,such as H.pylori infection,and gastric precancerous lesions.In this review,we focus on studies of the association between polymorphisms in mucin genes and development of GC.This information should be helpful for the early detection,surveillance,and treatment of GC. | Rong Wen Fang Gao Cheng-Jiang Zhou Yan-Bin Jia | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2015，7，11： | 5 |
| 6 | Racial and ethnic disparities in gastric cancer outcomes: More important than surgical technique?显示文摘Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer care are major public health concerns and their identification is necessary to develop interventions to eliminate these disparities. We and others have previously observed marked disparities in gastric cancer outcomes between Eastern and Western patients. These disparities have long been attributed to surgical technique and extent of lymphadenectomy. However, more recent evidence suggests that other factors such as tumor biology, environmental factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection and stage migration may also significantly contribute to these observed disparities. We review the literature surrounding disparities in gastric cancer and provide data pertaining to potential contributing factors. | Shaila J Merchant Lily Li Joseph Kim | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 1 |
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