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| 1 | OR^His, a Natural Variant of OR, Specifically Interacts with Plastid Division Factor ARC3 to Regulate Chromoplast Number and Carotenoid Accumulation显示文摘Chromoplasts are colored plastids that synthesize and store massive amounts of carotenoids.Chromoplast number and size define the sink strength for carotenoid accumulation in plants.However,nothing is known about the mechanisms controlling chromoplast number.Previously,a natural allele of Orange(OR),OR^His,was found to promote carotenoid accumulation by activating chromoplast differentiation and increasing carotenoid biosynthesis,but cells in orange tissues in melon fruit and cauliflower OR mutant have only one or two enlarged chromoplasts.In this study,we investigated an OR^His variant of Arabidopsis OR,genetically mimicking the melon OR^His allele,and found that it also constrains chromoplast number in Arabidopsis calli.Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that OR^His specifically interacts with the Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus domain of ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 3(ARC3),a crucial regulator of chloroplast division.We further showed that OR^His interferes with the interaction between ARC3 and PARALOG OF ARC6(PARC6),another key regulator of chloroplast division,suggesting a role of OR^His in competing with PARC6 for binding to ARC3 to restrict chromoplast number.Overexpression or knockout of ARC3 in Arabidopsis OR^His plants significantly alters total carotenoid levels.Moreover,overexpression of the plastid division factor PLASTID DIVISION 1 greatly enhances carotenoid accumulation.These division factors likely alter carotenoid levels via their influence on chromoplast number and/or size.Taken together,our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the machinery controlling chromoplast number and highlight a potential new strategy for enhancing carotenoid accumulation and nutritional value in food crops. | Tianhu Sun Hui Yuan Cheng Chen Deena K.Kadirjan-Kalbach Michael Mazourek Katherine W.Osteryoung Li Li | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，6： | 4 |
| 2 | 叶绿体分裂分子机制研究进展显示文摘叶绿体是植物特有的细胞器,其增殖的主要方式是二元分裂。叶绿体的分裂是由多种蛋白的协同作用实现的。这些蛋白一部分继承自叶绿体的祖先——蓝细菌,另一部分在植物的进化过程中获得。FtsZ环、ARC5环和PD环是叶绿体分裂过程中形成的环状高分子多聚体,很多调控事件都是围绕它们进行的。最近研究还发现一些新的蛋白以及脂和肽聚糖等都参与叶绿体分裂和/或调控,但其机理还不是很清楚。叶绿体分裂也受到基因转录、激素和渗透压等影响。本文重点介绍叶绿体分裂机器的成分和组装,以及叶绿体分裂及其调控机制的最新进展。 | 李劲宇 安传敬 刘小敏 高宏波 | 2016 | 植物生理学报2016，52，11： | 3 |
| 3 | 植物叶绿体分裂的分子机制显示文摘叶绿体是植物细胞内一种重要的细胞器.它不仅是光合作用的场所,还是其它多种中间代谢的场所.叶绿体起源于蓝细菌,与其原核祖先类似,通过二分裂方式进行增殖.最近的研究表明,叶绿体的分裂装置包含原核起源和真核起源的蛋白质,它们在叶绿体的内膜内侧和外膜外侧协同作用以完成叶绿体的分裂.在过去十几年里,包括丝状温度敏感蛋白Z(FtsZ)、Min系统蛋白、质体分裂蛋白(PDV)和ARC蛋白等在内的多个叶绿体分裂相关组分被分离鉴定.本文简要介绍了叶绿体分裂装置各成员的发现、叶绿体被膜的收缩和叶绿体分裂位点的选择机制.另外,植物发育过程中叶绿体分裂可能受到细胞的控制,但目前对细胞如何调控叶绿体分裂知之甚少.本文对该领域的最新研究进展也进行了综述. | 谌志伟 胡勇 | 2013 | 中国生物化学与分子生物学报2013，29，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Mutation of SlARC6 leads to tissue-specific defects in chloroplast development in tomato显示文摘The proliferation and development of chloroplasts are important for maintaining the normal chloroplast population in plant tissues.Most studies have focused on chloroplast maintenance in leaves.In this study,we identified a spontaneous mutation in a tomato mutant named suffulta(su),in which the stems appeared albinic while the leaves remained normal.Map-based cloning showed that Su encodes a DnaJ heat shock protein that is a homolog of the Arabidopsis gene AtARC6,which is involved in chloroplast division.Knockdown and knockout of SlARC6 in wild-type tomato inhibit chloroplast division,indicating the conserved function of SlARC6.In su mutants,most mesophyll cells contain only one or two giant chloroplasts,while no chloroplasts are visible in 60%of stem cells,resulting in the albinic phenotype.Compared with mature tissues,the meristem of su mutants suggested that chloroplasts could partially divide in meristematic cells,suggesting the existence of an alternative mechanism in those dividing cells.Interestingly,the adaxial petiole cells of su mutants contain more chloroplasts than the abaxial cells.In addition,prolonged lighting can partially rescue the albinic phenotypes in su mutants,implying that light may promote SlACR6-independent chloroplast development.Our results verify the role of SlACR6 in chloroplast division in tomato and uncover the tissue-specific regulation of chloroplast development. | Jiang Chang Fanyu Zhang Haiyang Qin Peng Liu Jianfeng Wang Shuang Wu | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 0 |
| 5 | 拟南芥叶绿体分裂蛋白PARC6影响子叶与真叶的生长显示文摘在DNA、RNA及细胞水平上鉴定了叶绿体异常分裂纯合突变株parc6,子叶白化纯合突变株sco2,同时以真叶异常分裂及子叶白化双重突变株sl2作为参照,通过向培养基中施加不同浓度的蔗糖含量来探究叶绿体异常分裂对子叶和真叶生长的影响。结果显示,sco2突变株子叶白化,而真叶生长正常;parc6突变株子叶生长势及生活力显著低于野生型对照,相当于sco2突变株,而子叶白化与真叶异常分裂双重突变株sl2生长严重受阻。parc6突变株真叶的生长势与生活力也显著低于野生型,但相较于子叶则有所恢复。parc6突变株子叶生长受阻表型可以通过在培养基上补充碳源而得到恢复,sco2突变株子叶生长受阻表型可以通过补充碳源得到恢复,但叶绿体荧光参数相较于野生型仍有差异。蓝色温和凝胶电泳结合二向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明parc6突变株的子叶及真叶光系统高级结构组装正常,说明parc6异常分裂的叶绿体无法生成足够的能量进而影响子叶及真叶的生长。进化分析表明,PARC6与SCO2存在共同进化的趋势,说明子叶发育与叶绿体分裂存在一定的联系。结果指示,叶绿体大小与植物生长尤其是子叶的发育存在密切的联系,这为深入揭示叶绿体的功能提供一个新的视角。 | 江转转 龚莉 宋亚玲 | 2023 | 植物研究2023，43，5： | 0 |
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