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| 1 | 长期不同施肥对太湖地区典型土壤酸化的影响显示文摘以太湖地区典型土壤黄泥土上26年的长期肥料定位试验为例,研究不同施肥处理对研究区耕作层土壤(0~15 cm)酸化特征及酸化速率的影响。试验采用裂区设计,主区为不施有机肥处理(C)和施有机肥处理(M),副区为不同无机肥及秸秆施用处理。研究结果显示,不同施肥处理对土壤pH和土壤酸碱缓冲容量有显著影响,增施有机肥的主区处理pH显著低于不施有机肥处理,但对应的土壤酸碱缓冲容量略有上升;副区单施尿素处理和尿素增施水稻秸秆处理pH较不施尿素对照分别下降了0.45、0.66个单位,酸碱缓冲容量分别下降1.52、0.95 mmol kg-1;各试验处理的酸化速率为H+0.61~1.74 kmol hm-2a-1,单施尿素处理高于不施尿素处理,而尿素增施有机肥或水稻秸秆的大于单施尿素处理,以尿素配施有机肥和水稻秸秆处理最高。相关分析表明,各处理土壤pH与外源氮输入量、土壤全氮及速效氮存在显著的依变关系。尿素对土壤的酸化影响与有机肥及水稻秸秆存在差异,前者在降低土壤pH的同时还导致土壤酸碱缓冲容量的降低,而增施有机肥及水稻秸秆处理土壤缓冲容量保持稳定甚至提升,但其各自对土壤酸化的具体贡献率等还需进一步研究。 | 张永春 汪吉东 沈明星 沈其荣 许仙菊 宁运旺 | 2010 | 土壤学报2010，47，3： | 157 |
| 2 | 有机肥和化肥配施技术农户采纳意愿影响因素分析——基于苏、浙、皖三省农户调查显示文摘为了研究农户采纳有机肥和化肥配施技术意愿的主要影响因素,以风险规避理论为基础,通过建立二元Logistic回归模型,对苏浙皖3省596个农户样本的调研数据进行了分析。研究结果表明:户主年龄和是否有过特殊经历、农业从业人员占比、农户对过量施肥和有机肥的认知、政府是否对农业施肥技术进行过宣传对农户采纳有机肥和化肥配施技术的意愿具有显著影响。据此,提出了提高农户采纳有机肥和化肥配施技术意愿的政策建议:首先,政府应加大对有机肥和化肥配施技术的宣传和推广力度;其次,政府应协助相关组织解决有机肥当前面临的突出问题;最后,政府应完善相关政策的扶持力度。 | 朱利群 王珏 王春杰 张培培 | 2018 | 长江流域资源与环境2018，27，3： | 63 |
| 3 | 基蘖肥与穗肥氮比例对双季稻产量和碳氮比的影响显示文摘试验研究了基蘖肥与穗肥氮比例对双季早、晚稻产量,干物质积累量,氮素积累量和碳氮比的影响。结果表明,当总施氮量为N 225 kg/hm2时,基蘖肥与穗肥氮比例7∶3处理的产量最高,其次为6∶4、8∶2处理,均比当地习惯施肥法(10∶0)高产。同时,当基蘖肥占总施氮量60%~70%时,双季早、晚稻具有较高的干物质积累量、氮素积累量、氮素当季利用率、氮素农艺效率,群体的碳氮代谢也比较协调。早稻孕穗期叶片可用性糖(可溶性总糖+淀粉)含量17%~18%,碳氮比5.0~5.5,晚稻孕穗期叶片可用性糖含量19%~21%,碳氮比5.0~6.0,这可能是基蘖肥与穗肥氮比例为7∶3和6∶4时双季水稻高产的生理基础。综合双季早、晚稻产量、氮素利用率及碳氮比值,穗肥施氮量占总施氮量的适宜比例为30%~40%。 | 林忠成 李土明 吴福观 张洪程 戴其根 叶世超 郭宏文 | 2011 | 植物营养与肥料学报2011，17，2： | 55 |
| 4 | 施肥对桢楠幼苗光合生理及生长特性的影响显示文摘以1年生桢楠(Phoebe zhennan)幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验方法,选用氮肥(NF)、复合肥(CF)、有机肥(OF)和混合肥(MF)4种肥料,依据年施氮量为标准设置低(L,0.3g/桶)、中(M,0.6g/桶)、高(H,0.9g/桶)3个施肥水平,于5、7、9月分3次将各肥料平均施入各栽植桶中,考察施肥1个月后桢楠幼苗的形态和光合生理指标,探讨施肥对桢楠幼苗光合生理及生长特性的影响。结果显示:(1)3个施肥水平中,中氮水平(M)对桢楠幼苗的生长促进效应最大;各种肥料中又以CF肥效最差,NF的肥效仅在初期(5~6月)比较明显,施MF的后期(9~10月)养分供应相对不足,而OF能持续地为植株提供养分。(2)施肥可以促进桢楠幼苗叶片叶绿素合成,延长绿叶功能期,并增大净光合速率,其中OF和MF的效果更明显,且有效地提高了幼苗在强光照、高浓度CO2环境下的光合能力。(3)除CF以外,施其他3种肥料均能不同程度地增加桢楠幼苗苗高及地径生长量,且以中氮水平的有机肥(MOF)促进效应最大,其生长量可以达到对照(CK,不施肥)的2倍。综上可知,中氮量有机肥是桢楠幼苗的最佳肥料施用方式。 | 贺维 胡庭兴 王锐 钟宇 周贤 敬辽 | 2014 | 西北植物学报2014，34，6： | 45 |
| 5 | 长期定位施肥对土壤效应的研究进展显示文摘近年来,长期定位施肥研究因其经历气候、年份的时间长,气候类型多,土壤功能变化幅度大以及获得的研究结论相对准确等特点,越来越受到研究人员的重视,国内外在长期定位施肥对土壤效应的影响研究取得了丰硕的成果。本文对国内外的长期定位施肥对土壤物理、养分、微生物以及酶类等方面的影响进行了比较客观详尽的阐述,并在此基础上提出了未来本领域的研究重点,以期对开展相关的研究提供借鉴。 | 聂胜委 黄绍敏 张水清 郭斗斗 张巧萍 张玉亭 宝德俊 陈源泉 | 2012 | 土壤2012，44，2： | 38 |
| 6 | 长期施肥红壤稻田有机碳演变规律及影响因素显示文摘利用1981年起设置的水稻土长期施肥定位试验,分析了CK(不施肥)、N(单施氮肥)、NPK(氮磷钾配施)、NPK2(2倍氮磷钾配施)和NPKM(有机无机肥配施)等施肥措施下土壤有机碳的演变规律及其与作物产量和土壤养分(全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾)的相关性。结果表明:试验30年后,各个处理的土壤有机碳含量均有上升,其中CK、N、NPK、NPK2和NPKM的土壤有机碳在试验30年分别比试验前增加18.95%、17.72%、23.36%、16.92%和32.68%。与CK处理相比,NPK、NPK2和NPKM处理的土壤有机碳平均提高了4.09%、4.03%和25.68%。土壤有机碳含量与水稻产量呈显著相关(P<0.001),相关系数r为0.410,这说明土壤有机碳含量的增加可以促进水稻增产。土壤有机碳与土壤养分中的碱解氮、速效磷和全磷含量均表现出极显著相关(P<0.001),相关系数r分别为0.452、0.559和0.487,但是与钾含量相关不显著。这表明:有机无机肥配施可以持续快速提高红壤性水稻土的有机碳含量,同时在有机无机肥配施过程中应适当增施钾肥,从而促进土壤肥力平衡和维持作物高产稳产,实现农业可持续性。 | 余喜初 李大明 柳开楼 黄庆海 叶会财 徐小林 陈明 胡惠文 | 2013 | 土壤2013，45，4： | 28 |
| 7 | Effects of long-term organic fertilization on soil microbiologic characteristics,yield and sustainable production of winter wheat显示文摘We investigated the soil microbiologic characteristics,and the yield and sustainable production of winter wheat,by conducting a long-term fertilization experiment.A single application of N,P and K(NPK) fertilizer was taken as the control(CK) and three organic fertilization treatments were used: NPK fertilizer+pig manure(T1),NPK fertilizer+straw return(T2),NPK fertilizer+pig manure+straw return(T3).The results showed that all three organic fertilization treatments(T1,T2 and T3) significantly increased both soil total N(STN) and soil organic carbon(SOC) from 2008 onwards.In 2016,the SOC content and soil C/N ratios for T1,T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those for CK.The three organic fertilization treatments increased soil microbial activity.In 2016,the activity of urease(sucrase) and the soil respiration rate(SRS) for T1,T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those under CK.The organic fertilization treatments also increased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN),the SMBC/SMBN ratio and the microbial quotient(q MB).The yield for T1,T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that of CK,respectively.Over the nine years of the investigation,the average yield increased by 9.9,13.2 and 17.4% for T1,T2 and T3,respectively,compared to the initial yield for each treatment,whereas the average yield of CK over the same period was reduced by 6.5%.T1,T2,and T3 lowered the coefficient of variation(CV) of wheat yield and increased the sustainable yield index(SYI).Wheat grain yield was significantly positively correlated with each of the soil microbial properties(P<0.01).These results showed that the long-term application of combined organic and chemical fertilizers can stabilize crop yield and make it more sustainable by improving the properties of the soil. | LI Chun-xi MA Shou-chen SHAO Yun MA Shou-tian ZHANG Ling-ling | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，1： | 28 |
| 8 | 不同施肥措施对我国南方稻田表土有机碳含量及固碳持续时间的影响显示文摘基于我国南方38个稻田试验点222个样本的表土有机碳数据,设5种施肥措施类型[无机氮肥(N)、无机氮磷肥配施(NP)、无机氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)、单施有机肥(O)和有机无机肥配施(OF)],研究了不同施肥措施下我国南方稻田表土有机碳含量的相对年变化量和固碳持续时间.结果表明:5种施肥措施下,稻田表土有机碳含量相对年变化量集中在0~0.4g·kg-1·a-1,两熟制和三熟制的表土有机碳含量相对年均增量分别为0.20和0.26g·kg-1·a-1;有机肥处理(O和OF)比无机肥处理(N、NP和NPK)的表土有机碳含量相对年增量更高,其中,OF处理最高,为0.32g·kg-1·a-1;随着时间的延长,土壤有机碳的累积速率逐渐降低,N、NP、NPK、O和OF处理下表土固碳持续时间分别为22、28、38、57和54年.从土壤固碳角度考虑,有机无机肥配施为我国南方稻田最佳施肥措施. | 朱利群 杨敏芳 徐敏轮 张武益 卞新民 | 2012 | 应用生态学报2012，23，1： | 26 |
| 9 | 氮沉降对陆地生态系统关键有机碳组分的影响显示文摘土壤有机碳不仅可以为植物生长提供营养元素,维持土壤良好的物理结构,而且库容巨大,其储量的微弱变化会导致大气圈中CO2浓度发生较大变化,从而直接影响全球碳平衡格局。氮是影响陆地生态系统植物生长的首要营养元素,大气氮沉降以及人为氮肥施入作为陆地生态系统氮的重要来源,其变化会深刻改变陆地生态系统的植物生长和净初级生产力,并进而影响全球碳循环和其他生态系统过程。欧美等国的生态学者近20年来就氮输入对不同生态系统碳库的影响进行了广泛而深入的研究,我国学者近年来也逐渐开始关注氮输入对陆地碳循环相关过程的定量研究,并取得了一系列的研究进展。但尽管如此,氮沉降以及人为氮输入对陆地生态系统碳循环的影响效应与作用强度依然是目前四大碳汇机制研究最为薄弱的一个环节。鉴于此,本文综述和分析了近年来氮沉降对陆地生态系统土壤总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)、溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、微生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)等不同土壤碳组分影响的相关研究结果,并针对目前氮沉降增加对陆地生态系统土壤碳库影响研究存在的问题提出了几点展望,以期对我国未来相关领域研究的进一步开展起到一定的参考作用。 | 曹丛丛 齐玉春 董云社 彭琴 刘欣超 孙良杰 贾军强 郭树芳 闫钟清 | 2014 | 草业学报2014，23，2： | 19 |
| 10 | 不同磷肥用量对水稻土有机碳矿化和细菌群落多样性的影响显示文摘以水稻田田间定位试验为研究对象,利用三维荧光光谱技术(3D EEMs)和454测序技术,采集4个施磷水平(0、30、60、90 kg hm-2a-1)土壤,测定其有机碳矿化、溶解有机碳(DOC)组成和结构特征及细菌群落结构和丰度的变化。结果显示:水田施磷增加了土壤速效磷(Olsen-P),从而提高了土壤DOC含量,加速了有机碳的矿化速率和累积矿化量。3D EEMs 结果表明,施磷分别显著增加了荧光指数和鲜度指数值1%~10%和3%~21%,而降低了腐殖化指数,且与土壤生化性质(Olsen-P、DOC和β-葡萄糖苷酶)具有显著相关性。说明施磷通过提高Olsen-P,促进了微生物源DOC的生成,同时降低了DOC的芳香化程度、分子量及腐殖化程度,从而提高了DOC生物可降解性。同时,施磷提高了细菌群落的丰度和多样性,特别是磷诱导了多种具有碳降解功能细菌的增加,从而加速了复杂有机碳的降解和甲烷氧化。此外,主成分分析表明稻田磷素施用量在30~60 kg hm-2a-1时对土壤有机碳矿化及细菌群落多样性的提高作用最为明显。因此,适度施磷能显著提高涉碳降解微生物的活性,从而提高DOC的生物可降解性,加速有机碳的矿化速率,促进稻田土壤有机碳循环。 | 李霞 田光明 朱军 张志剑 | 2014 | 土壤学报2014，51，2： | 12 |
| 11 | Regional Simulation of Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics for Dry Farmland in East China by Coupling a 1:500000 Soil Database with the Century Model显示文摘Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils influence soil quality and greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Dry farmland covers more than 70% of the whole cropland area in China and plays an important role in mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this study, 4109 dry farmland soil polygons were extracted using spatial overlay analysis of the soil layer (1:500000) and the land use layer (1:500000) to support Century model simulations of SOC dynamics for dry farmland in Anhui Province, East China from 1980 to 2008. Considering two field-validation sites, the Century model performed relatively well in modeling SOC dynamics for dry farmland in the province. The simulated results showed that the area-weighted mean soil organic carbon density (SOCD) of dry farmland increased from 18.77 Mg C ha1 in 1980 to 23.99 Mg C ha1 in 2008 with an average sequestration rate of 0.18 Mg C ha1 year?1. Approximately 94.9% of the total dry farmland area sequestered carbon while 5.1% had carbon lost. Over the past 29 years, the net SOC gain in dry farmland soils of the province was 19.37 Tg, with an average sequestration rate of 0.67 Tg C year1. Augmentation of SOC was primarily due to increased consumption of nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure. Moreover, SOC dynamics were highly differentiated among dry farmland soil groups. The integration of the Century model with a fine-scale soil database approach could be conveniently utilized as a tool for the accurate simulation of SOC dynamics at the regional scale. | WANG Shi-Hang SHI Xue-Zheng ZHAO Yong-Cun D. C. WEINDORF YU Dong-Sheng XU Sheng-Xiang TAN Man-Zhi SUN Wei-Xia | 2011 | Pedosphere2011，21，3： | 9 |
| 12 | Effects of Long-Term Organic Amendments on Soil Organic Carbon in a Paddy Field: A Case Study on Red Soil显示文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC) is one of the main carbon reservoirs in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is important to study SOC dynamics and effects of organic carbon amendments in paddy fields because of their vest expansion in south China. A study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the SOC content and organic carbon input under various organic amendments at a long-term fertilization experiment that was established on a red soil under a double rice cropping system in 1981. The treatments included non-fertilization(CK), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization in early rice only(NPK), green manure(Astragalus sinicus L.) in early rice only(OM1), high rate of green manure in early rice only(OM2), combined green manure in early rice and farmyard manure in late rice(OM3), combined green manure in early rice, farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw mulching in winter(OM4), combined green manure in early rice and rice straw mulching in winter(OM5). Our data showed that the SOC content was the highest under OM3 and OM4, followed by OM1, OM2 and OM5, then NPK fertilization, and the lowest under non-fertilization. However, our analyses in SOC stock indicated a significant difference between OM3(33.9 t ha-1) and OM4(31.8 t ha-1), but no difference between NPK fertilization(27 t ha-1) and nonfertilization(28.1 t ha-1). There was a significant linear increase in SOC over time for all treatments, and the slop of linear equation was greater in organic manure treatments(0.276-0.344 g kg-1 yr-1) than in chemical fertilizer(0.216 g kg-1 yr-1) and no fertilizer(0.127 g kg-1 yr-1). | HUANG Qing-hai LI Da-ming LIU Kai-lou YU Xi-chu YE Hui-cai HU Hui-wen XU Xiao-lin WANG Sai-lian ZHOU Li-jun DUAN Ying-hua ZHANG Wen-ju | 2014 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2014，13，3： | 9 |
| 13 | 我国南方不同地带性水稻土有机氮组分变化显示文摘采集我国南方不同地带性水稻土,运用封管水解Brerrmer法测定了土壤中氨基酸氮、氨基糖氮、铵态氮、未知氮等酸解性有机氮组分,以探究区域条件对土壤有机氮结构组成的影响。结果表明,从区域地带性来看,水稻土中全氮及有机氮各组分含量无明显规律,这可能与区域性的施肥等管理措施和气候因素综合作用相关。然而,土壤有机氮各组分占全氮比例除氨基酸氮外均与区域纬度呈线性相关,其中酸解总氮、未酸解氮、氨基糖氮、酸解未知氮以及铵态氮线性相关的决定系数R^2分别为0.556 6、0.729 3、0.803 6、0.897 5和0.411 3。可见,人为耕作管理对土壤全氮含量影响很大,而自然环境则对土壤有机氮结构组成起决定作用。 | 李强 王晋 庄舜尧 | 2015 | 土壤2015，47，5： | 8 |
| 14 | 有机无机肥配施对潜育化水稻土的改良效应显示文摘为探索潜育化水稻土改良培肥措施,采用田间试验研究了工程排水条件下有机无机肥配施对潜育化低产水稻土的改良效应。结果显示:有机无机肥配施增加了早、晚稻的有效分蘖数。在早稻齐穗期,与CK和NPK处理相比,有机无机肥配施的叶绿素(SPAD值)均显著增加。有机无机肥配施显著增加了晚稻的产量,与NPK处理相比,产量增加了10.0%-23.7%;其中早稻配施紫云英、晚稻配施猪粪处理产量最高。在工程排水基础上,配施有机肥处理在早、晚稻收获时耕层土壤还原物质总量分别比单施化肥处理减少了15.0%-25.3%和32.5%-37.5%。这表明,在工程排水条件下,配施一定的有机肥可以明显提高潜育化稻田水稻产量,降低表层土壤还原物质总量,对改良潜育化水稻土有明显作用。 | 余喜初 柳开楼 李大明 黄庆海 胡惠文 叶会财 徐小林 王赛莲 | 2014 | 中国土壤与肥料2014，，2： | 8 |
| 15 | 长期施用猪粪红壤稻田土壤Cu、Zn累积规律显示文摘为揭示长期施用猪粪红壤稻田土壤Cu、Zn累积规律,以设立于1981年的红壤稻田有机肥定位试验为载体,选取PM1(早稻施猪粪和紫云英)、PM2(早稻施紫云英+晚稻施猪粪)、GMS(早稻施紫云英+晚稻秸秆还田)和NPK(早稻施化肥)等处理为对象,分析了不同试验年限土壤全量和有效态Cu、Zn含量。结果表明:长期施用猪粪显著提高了土壤Cu、Zn含量;连续施用猪粪30 a后,土壤全量Cu、Zn含量分别增加了7.69—9.52 mg/kg和22.42—35.46 mg/kg;生物有效性显著增加,有效态Cu、Zn含量占全量Cu、Zn的比例分别由15%和5%增加到51%和27%。猪粪年度内的施用时间对土壤Cu的累积没有显著影响,早稻施用猪粪加剧了土壤Zn的累积。土壤铜、锌累积分为两个差异显著的阶段,1981—2002年为缓慢增长期,2002—2010年为快速增长期,这可能与2002年后施用的猪粪中Cu、Zn含量增高有关。以研究的结果推算,红壤稻田鲜猪粪施用量在9.5 t hm-2a-1以下,50 a内不会造成土壤Cu、Zn含量超标。 | 李大明 柳开楼 黄庆海 余喜初 叶会财 胡惠文 徐小林 | 2015 | 生态学报2015，35，3： | 7 |
| 16 | Long-term organic and inorganic fertilizations enhanced basic soil productivity in a fluvo-aquic soil显示文摘The improvement of soil productivity depends on a rational input of water and nutrients, optimal field management, and the increase of basic soil productivity(BSP). In this study, BSP is defined as the productive capacity of a farmland soil with its own physical and chemical properties for a specific crop season under local field management. Based on 19-yr data of the long-term agronomic experiments(1989–2008) on a fluvo-aquic soil in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer(DSSAT ver. 4.0) crop growth model was used to simulate yields by BSP of winter wheat(Triticum aestivium L.) and summer maize(Zea mays L.) to examine the relationship between BSP and soil organic carbon(SOC) under long-term fertilization. Five treatments were included:(1) no fertilization(control),(2) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(NPK),(3) NPK plus manure(NPKM),(4) 1.5 times of NPKM(1.5NPKM), and(5) NPK plus straw(NPKS). After 19 yr of treatments, the SOC stock increased 16.7, 44.2, 69.9, and 25.2% under the NPK, NPKM, 1.5NPKM, and NPKS, respectively, compared to the initial value. Among various nutrient factors affecting contribution percentage of BSP to winter wheat and summer maize, SOC was a major affecting factor for BSP in the fluvo-aquic soil. There were significant positive correlations between SOC stock and yields by BSP of winter wheat and summer maize(P<0.01), and yields by BSP of winter wheat and summer maize increased 154 and 132 kg ha^(–1) when SOC stock increased 1 t C ha^(–1). Thus, increased SOC accumulation is a crucial way for increasing BSP in fluvo-aquic soil. The manure or straw combined application with chemical fertilizers significantly enhanced BSP compared to the application of chemical fertilizers alone. | ZHA Yan WU Xue-ping GONG Fu-fei XU Ming-gang ZHANG Hui-min CHEN Li-ming HUANG Shao-min CAI Dian-xiong | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，12： | 7 |
| 17 | 稻草添加对新垦红壤易氧化有机碳和腐殖碳的影响显示文摘通过始于2000年的长期定位试验,研究了稻草施用对新垦红壤易氧化有机碳和腐殖碳的影响。结果表明:2001年施肥对土壤有机碳的影响初步显现,但处理间差异较小。随着试验继续进行10年后,有机碳含量进一步提升(幅度8.75%~51.04%),处理间差异增加,其中稻草配施化肥效果最好,其次为化肥单施。与无肥处理比较,稻草施用显著提高了土壤易氧化有机碳总量,效果优于化肥单施,而无肥与休闲处理差异较小。易氧化有机碳占总有机碳的比率在各施肥处理中均随时间延长而降低,且化肥单施与稻草化肥配施间差异不显著。施肥对可提取腐殖碳含量及其占总有机碳比率的影响基本与易氧化有机碳一致。从长期结果看,施肥处理对土壤胡富比影响相对较小,化肥单施和稻草配施化肥胡富比略低于不施肥和休闲处理。总体上,稻草与化肥配施能提高红壤旱地总有机碳、易氧化有机碳和可提取腐殖碳含量,同时降低土壤胡富比,使土壤有机质更活跃,在土壤有机碳数量和质量上均具有明显的积极作用。 | 夏战鹰 黄道友 刘守龙 朱捍华 | 2014 | 土壤通报2014，45，4： | 4 |
| 18 | 水田施用磷肥对土壤氮库活性及周转特性的影响显示文摘以2005年开始的水田长期定位试验为载体,设计4个施磷水平,以P计分别为0(P-0)、30(P-30)、60(P-60)和90 kg·hm^(-2)(P-90),研究水田施用磷肥对土壤氮库活性及周转特性的动态影响。结果表明,随施用磷肥水平的增加,土壤总氮(TN)含量和微生物量氮(MBN)含量显著(P<0.05)增加,且均在P-60施磷水平处达到最高值;涉氮生态酶,如N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)的活性,随施磷水平的增加而降低,最高下降率达26%;与土壤氮库矿化相关的硝化、氨化和总氮矿化指标含量均在施磷处理下呈极显著(P<0.01)提高,并于P-60施磷处理下达到最高值。在各施磷水平处理下,土壤涉磷生化指标与土壤全氮、微生物量氮和涉氮生态酶活性呈现显著相关性,说明水田施用磷肥显著影响土壤氮素状况,每年60 kg·hm^(-2)的施磷量对提高土壤氮库活性及周转特性效果最佳。 | 孙星照 沈建国 王忠 李霞 张志剑 | 2017 | 浙江农业科学2017，58，8： | 3 |
| 19 | Specific Responses of Soil Microbial Residue Carbon to Long-Term Mineral Fertilizer Applications to Reddish Paddy Soils显示文摘Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils. | ZHANG Xinyu XIE Juan YANG Fengting DONG Wenyi DAI Xiaoqin YANG Yang SUN Xiaomin | 2018 | Pedosphere2018，28，3： | 2 |
| 20 | 温湿度对绿洲棉田土壤CO_2通量的影响显示文摘采用土壤CO2浓度探测仪器分别对研究区棉田两类试验点(棉下和棉间)不同深度土壤CO2浓度进行连续监测,然后基于土壤气体扩散模型估算土壤CO2通量。通过构建试验地土壤CO2排放的温度敏感性评价系数(q),对5个常用的土壤CO2通量-温度模型进行评析,选择最优模型定量分析土壤温度对土壤CO2排放影响。在消除土壤温度对土壤CO2通量影响的基础上,分析土壤CO2通量对土壤湿度的响应。结果表明:土壤温度对土壤CO2通量起到了促进作用,但是土壤CO2通量的温度敏感性随土壤温度的升高而下降;土壤CO2通量对土壤湿度的响应比较复杂;综合的土壤CO2通量-温度湿度模型能更好地对土壤CO2通量进行模拟。 | 赵志敏 施风霞 | 2015 | 新疆环境保护2015，37，3： | 1 |
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