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| 1 | 利用区域宽频带数据反演鲁甸M_s6.5级地震震源破裂过程显示文摘基于有限断层模型反演方法,我们利用区域宽频带数据反演得到了2014年8月3日鲁甸M_s6.5级地震的震源破裂过程.反演结果显示:此次地震的发震断层走向为北北西向,破裂主要以左旋走滑为主,位移主要发生在震源左上方,最大滑动量为0.7 m,模型显示断层破裂可能接近地表,破裂长度约10 km.此次地震释放的标量地震矩为1.97×10^(18)N·m,相当于矩震级为M_w 6.1,地震能量主要在前15 s释放.鲁甸地震有四个显著的特点:(1)位移主要集中在浅部,从11 km起破点开始迅速向上传播,大部分位于10 km以上且最大位移位于深度3 km处,从模型来看,破裂可能接近地表,因此地表震动较为强烈;(2)应力降比较大,计算显示释放的同震静态应力降约为2.8 MPa;(3)破裂速度较快,在地表附近超过了2.5 km·s^(-1);(4)主震可能发生在一个共轭断层系上.这四个特点可能是导致此次地震造成如此重大人员伤亡和财产损失的最重要的原因. | 刘成利 郑勇 熊熊 付芮 单斌 刁法启 | 2014 | 地球物理学报2014,57,9: | 42 |
| 2 | 2013年芦山地震序列震源机制与震源区构造变形特征分析显示文摘基于四川区域地震台网记录的波形资料,利用CAP波形反演方法,同时获取了2013年4月20日芦山M7.0级地震序列中88个M≥3.0级地震的震源机制解、震源矩心深度与矩震级,进而利用应变花(strain rosette)和面应变(areal strain)As值,分析了芦山地震序列震源机制和震源区构造运动与变形特征.获得的主要结果有:(1)芦山M7.0级主震破裂面参数为走向219°/倾角43°/滑动角101°,矩震级为MW6.55,震源矩心深度15km.芦山地震余震区沿龙门山断裂带走向长约37km、垂直断裂带走向宽约16km.主震两侧余震呈不对称分布,主震南西侧余震区长约27km、北东侧长约10km.余震分布在7~22km深度区间,优势分布深度为9~14km,序列平均深度约13km,多数余震分布在主震上部.粗略估计的芦山地震震源体体积为37km×16km×16km.(2)面应变As值统计显示,芦山地震序列以逆冲型地震占绝对优势,所占比例超过93%.序列主要受倾向NW、倾角约45°的近NESW向逆冲断层控制;部分余震发生在与上述主发震断层近乎垂直的倾向SE的反冲断层上;龙门山断裂带前山断裂可能参与了部分余震活动.P轴近水平且优势方位单一,呈NW-SE向,与龙门山断裂带南段所处区域构造应力场方向一致,反映芦山地震震源区主要受区域构造应力场控制,芦山地震是近NE-SW向断层在近水平的NW-SE向主压应力挤压作用下发生逆冲运动的结果.序列中6次非逆冲型地震均发生在主震震中附近,且主震震中附近P轴仰角变化明显,表明主震对其震中附近局部区域存在明显的应力扰动.(3)序列整体及不同震级段的应变花均呈NW向挤压白瓣形态,显示芦山地震震源区深部构造呈逆冲运动、NW向纯挤压变形.各震级段的应变花方位与形状一致,具有震级自相似性特征,揭示震源区深部构造运动和变形模式与震级无关.(4)不同深度的应变花形态以NW-NWW向挤压白瓣为优势,显示震源区构造无论是总体还是分段均以NW-NWW向挤压变形为特征.但应变花方位与形状随深度仍具有较明显的变化,可能反映了震源区构造变形在深度方向上存在分段差异.(5)芦山地震震源体尺度较小,且主震未发生在龙门山断裂带南段主干断裂上,南段长期积累的应变能未能得到充分释放,南段仍存在发生强震的危险. | 易桂喜 龙锋 Amaury Vallage Yann Klinger 梁明剑 王思维 | 2016 | 地球物理学报2016,59,10: | 46 |
| 3 | Crustal and upper mantle structure and the deep seismogenic environment in the source regions of the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake显示文摘Following the M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake is another devastating earthquake that struck the Longmenshan Fault Zone (LFZ) and caused severe damages. In this study, we collected continuous broadband ambient noise seismic data and earthquake event data from Chinese provincial digital seismic network, and then utilized ambient noise tomography method and receiver function method to obtain high resolution shear wave velocity structure, crustal thickness, and Poisson ratio in the earthquake source region and its surroundings. Based on the tomography images and the receiver function results, we further analyzed the deep seismogenic environment of the LFZ and its neighborhood. We reveal three main findings: (1) There is big contrast of the shear wave velocities across the LFZ. (2) Both the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the regions where crustal shear wave velocity and crustal thickness change dramatically. The rupture faults and the aftershock zones are also concentrated in the areas where the lateral gradients of crustal seismic wave speed and crustal thickness change significantly, and the focal depths of the earthquakes are concentrated in the transitional depths where shear wave velocities change dramatically from laterally uniform to laterally non-uniform. (3) The Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks occurred in low Poisson ratio region, while the Lushan earthquake sequences are located in high Poisson ratio zone. We proposed that the effect of the dramatic lateral variation of shear wave velocity, and the gravity potential energy differences caused by the big contrast in the topography and the crustal thickness across the LFZ may constitute the seismogenic environment for the strong earthquakes in the LFZ, and the Poisson ratio difference between the rocks in the south and north segments of the Longmenshan Fault zone may explain the 5 years delay of the occurrence of the Lushan earthquake than the Wenchuan earthquake. | ZHENG Yong GE Can XIE ZuJun YANG YingJie XIONG Xiong HSU HouTze | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013,56,7: | 37 |
| 4 | Source parameters inversion of the 2013 Lushan earthquake by combining teleseismic waveforms and local seismograms显示文摘On April 20, 2013, a magnitude M s 7.0 earthquake occurred in Lushan, Sichuan Province, China, and caused heavy casualties and economic losses. Based on the local broadband waveforms in Sichuan and adjacent provinces regional networks and teleseismic broadband records from IRIS stations, the focal mechanism and the focal depth are determined by the CAP (Cut And Paste) and its upgraded methods, CAPtele and CAPjoint, respectively. The results show that the focal mechanisms and depth from different methods are steady, and the best double couple solution derived from the joint inversion is 210°, 44°, and 91° for strike, dip, and rake angles respectively for one nodal plane and 29°, 46°, and 89° for another with 16 km focal depth and M w 6.66 moment magnitude. In order to verify the reliability of the results, a number of tests are performed based on local seismograms with different velocity models. They indicate that there is about 10 degree's fluctuation in focal mechanisms and about 2 km variation in focal depth with a complex velocity structure. Furthermore, inverted by re-sampling the teleseismic waveforms on the basis of epicentral distance, the solutions are consistent with each other, which manifests that the teleseismic records are effective for constraining source parameters of the Lushan earthquake. | XIE ZuJun JIN BiKai ZHENG Yong GE Can XIONG Xiong XIONG Cheng HSU HouTze | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013,56,7: | 35 |
| 5 | 2015年尼泊尔M_W7.9地震对青藏高原活动断裂同震、震后应力影响显示文摘2015年尼泊尔MW7.9地震重烈度区从震中向东延伸,致灾范围包括尼泊尔、印度北部、巴基斯坦、孟加拉和中国藏南地区,其应力调整对邻区和周边活动断裂可能产生重要影响.本文基于地震应力触发理论,采用岩石圈地壳分层黏弹性位错模型,计算了尼泊尔MW7.9地震引起的周边断裂,特别是青藏高原活动断裂的同震和震后库仑应力变化.结果显示,尼泊尔地震同震效应引起大部分震区库仑应力升高,余震主要分布在最大同震滑动等值线外部库仑应力升高区域;少量余震靠近最大滑动量区域,可能该区域积累的地震能量在主震期间没有完全释放.尼泊尔地震同震库仑应力对青藏高原,特别是中尼边境区域活动断裂有一定影响.亚东—谷露地堑南段、北喜马拉雅断裂西段、当惹雍错—定日断裂和甲岗—定结断裂同震库仑应力升高,其中当惹雍错—定日断裂南端,北喜马拉雅断裂西段同震库仑应力变化峰值超过0.01 MPa;帕龙错断裂、班公错断裂、改则—洞措断裂库仑应力降低,其地震发生概率有所降低.震后应力影响方面,未来40年内黏弹性松弛作用导致北喜马拉雅断裂、改则—洞措断裂和喀喇昆仑断裂整体应力卸载;藏南一系列正断层震后应力持续上升,其中帕龙错断裂南段受到震后黏弹性库仑应力影响,由应力阴影区逐渐转化为应力增强区,当惹雍错—定日断裂南段应力进一步加强,震后40年其南端应力变化峰值达到0.1345 MPa,亚东—谷露断裂南段应力亦持续增强.藏南正断层的地震活动性值得进一步关注. | 熊维 谭凯 刘刚 乔学军 聂兆生 | 2015 | 地球物理学报2015,58,11: | 26 |
| 6 | 鲜水河断裂带色拉哈—康定段新发现的活动断层:木格措南断裂显示文摘鲜水河断裂带位于青藏高原东缘,是中国大陆内部地震活动性最强的大型活动断裂带之一。大量研究证据表明,鲜水河断裂带色拉哈—康定段未来几十年内发生破坏性强震的风险较高。目前正在规划建设的国家重大交通基础建设工程——川藏铁路,将在康定折多山地区直接穿越鲜水河活动断裂带。本研究通过高分辨率卫星影像的地质地貌解译和详细的野外构造地质填图,新发现一条发育于色拉哈断裂和折多塘断裂之间折多山花岗岩体内的长约24km的全新世活动断层,该断裂空间上可分成北、中、南三段,呈(正滑)左旋右阶雁行状排列,并将其命名为'木格措南断裂'。该活动断裂的发现对完善鲜水河断裂带色拉哈—康定段的精细几何图像和构造组合特征,准确评价鲜水河断裂带的地震危险性具有重要意义,并为川藏铁路施工建设和安全运营提供了重要科学数据支撑。 | 潘家伟 李海兵 Marie-Luce CHEVALIER 白明坤 刘富财 刘栋梁 郑勇 卢海建 赵中宝 | 2020 | 地质学报2020,94,11: | 23 |
| 7 | 川西温泉水温观测及其在芦山M_S7.0地震前的异常现象显示文摘在2013年芦山MS7.0地震震中附近流体观测点进行现场考察的基础上,本文选择川西地区观测环境较好、干扰较少的温泉水温观测资料进行回溯性分析.结果表明,康定龙头沟和二道桥温泉、道孚龙普沟温泉、理塘毛垭温泉、泸定共和温泉水温在芦山地震前均出现不同程度的异常变化.其主要表现为,距离震中较远的理塘毛垭温泉和道孚龙普沟温泉水温在震前2年左右出现中期尺度异常,距离震中较近的康定龙头沟和二道桥温泉水温在震前3个月内出现短期异常.通过温泉水化学及δD-δ18 O稳定同位素特征分析,认为这些温泉水具有深循环特征,能灵敏地反映地壳深部地热及构造变化信息,是芦山地震前观测到异常的可能原因.加强对这些温泉点的观测,对区域地震预测研究具有重要的科学意义和现实意义. | 晏锐 官致君 刘耀炜 | 2015 | 地震学报2015,37,2: | 21 |
| 8 | 利用宽角反射/折射地震剖面揭示芦山M_S7.0地震震区深部孕震环境显示文摘2013年4月芦山地震发生后,中国地震局迅速成立了芦山地震科学考察指挥部,要求查明芦山地震的深部构造环境和孕震背景.为此,中国地震局地球物理勘探中心于2013年9月至11月在芦山震源区布设了一条长约410km的人工地震高分辨宽角反射/折射探测剖面,获得了信噪比较高的人工地震探测数据,采用地震射线走时正演拟合构建了该区的地壳及上地幔二维P波速度结构模型,结果显示:扬子块体和松潘—甘孜块体显示出迥异的速度结构特征,地壳厚度由南向北逐渐加厚.沉积盖层在四川盆地厚达7.8km,而进入松潘—甘孜块体沉积层最薄处只有几百米厚,几乎出露地表;在中上地壳,扬子块体平均速度比松潘—甘孜块体高0.2km·s-1,在盆地与高原耦合部位(构造转换带)以北深度大约20km左右有一厚度为8.0km的软弱层(低速层),该层内的速度为5.80km·s-1,明显低于周围介质的平均速度6.00~6.10km·s-1;构造转换带内,震相显示紊乱、不清晰、不能连续对比,由地表至上地幔顶部壳内界面不连续、速度结构异常紊乱且呈现低速异常特征;在中下地壳,沿剖面速度呈现正梯度垂向增大变化;壳内界面在扬子块体内部起伏变化不大,但在构造转换带以北呈现急速加深的趋势,特别是Moho界面起伏变化较为明显,界面深度在距离50km范围内由扬子块体的36.2km迅速变化至松潘—甘孜块体下方的45.8km,形成一陡变带.芦山MS7.0级地震震源位置位于二维速度结构异常紊乱和界面起伏变化的地带,研究表明,壳内界面及速度结构差异、起伏变化的特征与该区域的地震活动性关系密切。 | 王帅军 王夫运 张建狮 刘宝峰 张成科 赵金仁 段玉玲 宋向辉 邓晓果 马策军 孙一男 臧怡然 李怡青 | 2015 | 地球物理学报2015,58,9: | 21 |
| 9 | 2017年M_W6.5九寨沟地震激发的同震库仑应力变化及其对周边断层的影响显示文摘2017年8月8日21时19分在我国四川省北部阿坝州九寨沟县发生了M_W6.5左旋走滑型地震.该地震发生在青藏高原巴颜喀拉块体东北缘,东昆仑断裂南东段的塔藏断裂、岷江断裂和虎牙断裂的交汇地带.包括此次地震,近年来在巴颜喀拉块体周缘已发生了九次6级以上强震,表明巴颜喀拉块体周缘主要活动断裂上的应力水平仍处于不断调整之中.本文采用库仑应力模型研究2017年M_W6.5九寨沟地震激发的库仑应力变化、该地震与周边地震的应力触发关系以及强震对周边主要活动断裂的应力扰动.强震序列包括周边区域1536—1975年M≥6历史强震和1976—2017年的M_W≥6 gCMT地震目录中的强震,共计32个.研究结果表明:(1)2017年M_W6.5九寨沟地震激发的同震库仑应力变化仅在局部范围内超过0.1×10~5Pa,且75%的余震(~12.7天)受到该地震明显的同震应力触发作用,而其余25%的余震落在应力影区,采用最优破裂面可以进一步提高同震库仑应力变化与余震分布的空间相关性;(2)2008年M_W7.9汶川地震对2017年M_W6.5九寨沟地震的发生有一定的促进作用,在后者震源处激发的同震库仑应力变化为(0.026~0.263)×10~5Pa,震后黏弹性库仑应力变化为(0.010~0.032)×10~5Pa.该库仑应力的变化范围取决于汶川地震源断层参数和九寨沟地震接收断层参数.2013年M_W6.6芦山地震对九寨沟地震的发生几乎没有影响(<0.001×10~5Pa);(3)1654年M8.0甘肃天水南地震对九寨沟地震的发生有明显的促进作用,在九寨沟地震震源处激发的同震库仑应力变化为(0.410~1.266)×10~5Pa,震后库仑应力变化为(0.147~0.490)×10~5Pa.1879年M8.0甘肃武都地震可能有比1654年M8.0甘肃天水南地震更强的应力触发作用,但也有可能对九寨沟地震的发生起到抑制作用.在选取的8个九寨沟地震接收断层面上,其中6个接收断层面上该地震所激发的同震库仑应力变化为(0.913~2.364)×10~5Pa,2个接收断层面上该地震所激发的同震库仑应力变化为(-1.326~-0.454)×10~5Pa;在4个接收断层面上震后库仑应力变化为(0.094~1.072)×10~5Pa,在另外4个接收断层面上震后库仑应力变化为(-1.593~-0.106)×10~5Pa.1933年四川叠溪地震对九寨沟地震的发生影响较弱,其所激发的同震库仑应力变化为(0.015~0.080)×10~5Pa,震后库仑应力变化为(-0.029~0.025)×10~5Pa;(4)九寨沟地震仅在其附近的岷江断裂北段、塔藏断裂和虎牙断裂南段造成较明显的同震库仑应力变化,其分别为0.09×10~5Pa、(0.14~2.03)×10~5Pa和0.25×10~5 Pa.而进一步顾及其余31个强震的库仑应力作用则发现,同震库仑应力增加非常显著的主要活动断裂分段为:岷江断裂北段南侧和岷江断裂南段的库仑应力变化分别升高5.6×10~5Pa和9.8×10~5Pa.鲜水河断裂北段南侧库仑应力升高23.0×10~5Pa,鲜水河断裂南段道孚—康定段的北侧库仑应力升高9.0×10~5Pa,而最南端库仑应力升高3.0×10~5Pa;龙门山断裂带中段的北侧库仑应力变化为(6.1~7.4)×10~5 Pa,中段库仑应力增加(2.1~11.5)×10~5Pa;西秦岭北缘断裂东段库仑应力变化为4.4×10~5 Pa;龙日坝断裂北段最北侧的库仑应力变化为2.0×10~5Pa;小金河断裂北段库仑应力变化为1.7×10~5Pa;安宁河断裂北段库仑应力变化为1.6×10~5Pa;(5)由于下地壳和上地幔的黏弹性松弛作用,所有强震在九寨沟地震震后20年造成的黏弹性库仑应力变化在鲜水河断裂、龙门山断裂中段、塔藏断裂以及秦岭南缘断裂西段比较显著,其分别为:(1.0~3.0)×10~5Pa、2.8×10~5Pa、(2.3~2.7)×10~5Pa和0.9×10~5Pa.但总体上黏弹性库仑应力变化没有改变各断裂上的同震库仑应力变化空间分布.总的库仑应力变化在鲜水河断裂北段南侧和南段的道孚至康定段北侧、龙门山断裂中段北侧、岷江断裂南段和北段南侧、虎牙断裂、塔藏断裂以及西秦岭北缘东段很显著(均超过4×10~5Pa).由于库仑应力明显升高可能预示着地震潜在危险性增强,因此这些断裂分段可能将来需要重点加以关注. | 汪建军 许才军 | 2017 | 地球物理学报2017,60,11: | 21 |
| 10 | 芦山7级地震的同震位移估计和震源滑动模型反演尝试显示文摘利用自动经验基线校正方法,分析2013年4月20日芦山Ms7.0级地震13个近场强震动台的观测资料,以估算同震位移场分布,并据此反演了震源滑动模型.经与GPS结果比较,两种不同方法给出的芦山7级地震的水平近场同震位移场幅度都不超过cm级,均显示为典型的逆冲型地震(兼有少量左旋走滑错动).强震最大水平和垂直永久位移分别为4.9 cm和4.4 cm,分别出现在51YAM台和51QLY台.两种资料反演的震源滑动模型虽显示多事件特征,但主要滑动均集中在第一次事件,即初始滑动点两侧的走向长约30 km、倾向长约25 km的相对集中的较小范围内,强震和GPS模型的最大滑动量分别为1.14m和1.09 m,较为一致.其余子事件滑动量小且分布零散,不能排除其数值效应的因素.反演矩震级均在Mw6.7左右,地表破裂应该不明显.文章还讨论了目前在我国利用近场强震动记录估计Mw6~7级地震同震位移场存在的困难和问题,为今后类似工作提供参考. | 金明培 汪荣江 屠泓为 | 2014 | 地球物理学报2014,57,1: | 18 |
| 11 | Coseismic Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the 2017 M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake,and its relationship with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake显示文摘On August 8, 2017, a M7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China, resulting in significant casualties and property damage. Therefore, it is critical to identify the areas of potential aftershocks before reconstruction and re-settling people to avoid future disasters. Based on the elastic dislocation theory and a multi-layered lithospheric model, we calculate the Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the Wenchuan and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes, discuss the relationship between the Mw7.9 Wenchuan and M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquakes, and analyze the influence of the aftershock distribution and stress changes on the major faults in this region caused by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The co-and post-seismic stress changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake significantly increased the stress accumulation at the hypocenter of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Therefore,the occurrence of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake was probably stimulated by the Wenchuan earthquake. The aftershock distribution is well explained by the co-seismic stress changes of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The stress accumulation and corresponding seismic hazard on the Maqu-Heye segment of the East Kunlun fault and the northern extremity of the Huya fault has been further increased by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. | SHAN Bin ZHENG Yong LIU ChengLi XIE ZuJun KONG Jun | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017,60,12: | 16 |
| 12 | Rupture process of the M_s 7.0 Lushan earthquake, 2013显示文摘On April 20, 2013 at 8:02 am, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred in Lushan County, Sichuan Province, China, which induces massive landslides, causes great losses to life and property. Based on the locations of aftershocks provided by the China Earthquake Network Center and the characteristic of Longmenshan active faults system, combined with the current preliminary focal mechanism solution, the fault rupture direction is determined. With the finite fault inversion method, we invert the rupture process of the Lushan M s 7.0 earthquake by teleseismic waveforms data. The inversion results indicate that the main shock is dominated by thrust fault component and the rupture initiated at depth of 15 km, and most of slip ruptured around the hypocenter with the peak slip of about 1.5 m. Most of rupture slips released at the first 20 s and the main rupture occurred at the first 10 s after the onsets of the mainshock. Most of seismic energy released near the hypocenter with a length of 28 km, especially on both sides of the hypocenter with the range of 20 km, and the seismic energy released relatively smaller in other areas. There is a large area with weak slip between the main rupture and another two asperities on both sides of the hypocenter; it may imply that the accumulated strain on the rupture fault has not been completely released. Therefore, there is a significant possibility of having strong aftershocks in the areas where energy is not fully released. This is also the main reason why there are a lot of moderate to strong aftershocks in the Lushan aftershock sequence. In addition, there is an earthquake vacant zone with a length of about 50 km between the Wenchuan M w 7.9 earthquake and this event, which is of high earthquake risk and is deserved to be paid close attention to. | LIU ChengLi ZHENG Yong GE Can XIONG Xiong HSU HouTze | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013,56,7: | 15 |
| 13 | 2017年九寨沟地震所受历史地震黏弹性库仑应力作用及其后续对周边断层地震危险性的影响显示文摘首先对2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震周边断裂活动和历史地震特征进行了阐述;然后利用黏弹性地壳模型,计算了1933年叠溪地震、1976年松潘震群和2008年汶川地震对2017年九寨沟地震的同震和震后库仑应力作用.该结果显示1933年叠溪地震对九寨沟地震具有延缓作用,而1976年松潘震群和2008年汶川地震对九寨沟地震的黏弹性库仑应力作用为正;随着下地壳和上地幔黏弹性物质的持续作用,前述几次地震总的黏弹性库仑应力在九寨沟地震破裂中心点处负的库仑应力逐渐减弱,而在破裂北段这些库仑应力逐渐转为正值,并促进了九寨沟地震的发生.本文也计算了九寨沟地震后对周边断层的库仑影响,并将此影响值转换为对断层能量积累的影响时间上,结果显示塔藏断裂带西段和中段在内的多条断裂带受到黏弹性库仑应力影响时间值超过10年.将库仑应力影响时间值加入到部分已知离逝时间的断层段上,也得到了这些断层段的未来30年特征地震发生概率.最终结果认为玛沁断裂带、玛曲断裂带、哈南—稻畦子断裂中段和西段等断层段的强震危险性需要重点关注. | 程佳 姚生海 刘杰 姚琪 宫会玲 龙海云 | 2018 | 地球物理学报2018,61,5: | 13 |
| 14 | 2014年云南鲁甸地震同震库仑应力对余震分布及周边断层的影响显示文摘利用弹性位错理论和分层岩石圈模型,计算了2014年8月3日发生的MS6.5云南鲁甸地震导致的同震库仑应力变化场,讨论了主震对余震分布以及对周边主要活动断层的影响。结果表明:1)基于NNW向破裂面计算得到的应力变化场能够更好地解释余震的空间分布,可能为主震的破裂面;2)目前余震主要沿主破裂面及破裂面以西的应力增强区分布,其他没有余震记录的应力增强区构造应力积累可能较低;3)鲁甸地震提升了昭通断裂南段、则木河-小江断裂巧家段以及莲峰断裂NE段上的库仑应力增量,地震危险性有所增强。这些结果对于判断余震可能发生的区域、圈定震区周边未来可能的地震危险区,对于灾区人员安置、灾后恢复重建,以及加强震灾和次生灾害防御具有重要的参考价值。 | 付芮 单斌 熊熊 郑勇 谢祖军 刘成利 房立华 | 2015 | 地震地质2015,37,4: | 11 |
| 15 | 从波速比变化看汶川与芦山地震的孕震过程显示文摘为研究汶川和芦山地震的孕育过程,利用单台单震法,将地震丛发区内发生的地震粗略视为"广义重复地震",系统分析龙门山断裂带及附近区域1990~2015年波速比时空变化过程。结果发现,波速比在汶川地震前降低,芦山地震后明显恢复。对于龙门山断裂带北段的地震丛发区,大部分台站波速比的同步时间变化过程可分为两个阶段:一是在汶川地震前,2000年~2008-05波速比出现异常降低-回返-发震过程,低值异常持续时间约8a。汶川地震后,波速比快速回升。二是2010年开始再次显现波速比持续性稳定下降,在2013-04降至最低点,发生芦山地震,震后波速比再次快速回升到正常值。对于龙门山断裂带南段及附近的地震丛发区,大部分台站波速比的同步时间变化从2000年~2013-04波速比维持长时间的异常低值状态,低值持续时间约13a,直至2013-04芦山地震后波速比快速回升。不论是龙门山南段还是北段,均可看到波速比基本一致的变化,2000~2013年的异常降低-恢复过程,显示了汶川8级地震与芦山7级地震的整体性和差异性,孕震过程长达14a。由此可见,汶川地震和芦山地震很可能是同一动力学过程孕育的两次先后发生的强震。 | 李艳娥 王林瑛 宋美卿 陈丽娟 | 2016 | 大地测量与地球动力学2016,36,11: | 11 |
| 16 | 2008年汶川地震同震-震后应力演化及其对2017年九寨沟M_S 7.0地震的影响显示文摘2017年8月8日四川九寨沟发生了MS7.0地震,距离汶川地震震中约为140km.地震的发生会调整区域应力分布和影响区域地震活动性变化.那么,汶川地震的发生对此次九寨沟地震有何影响?区域应力如何演化?为回答这些问题,本研究基于高性能并行有限元方法和网格自适应加密技术,采用含地形起伏的黏弹非均匀椭球型地球模型,分别计算了汶川地震引起的同震-震后应力时空动态演化及其对此次九寨沟地震的影响.同时,考虑同震静态应力和震后黏弹性应力调整,计算了汶川、芦山和九寨沟地震的发生对周边断层应力积累的影响.计算结果显示汶川地震对九寨沟发震断层的同震库仑应力加载约为0.008 MPa,震后9年的黏弹性应力加载约为0.012~0.016 MPa,可能会使九寨沟地震提前发生.此外,汶川、芦山和九寨沟地震的发生引起龙门山断裂映秀以南段、东昆仑断裂、龙日坝断裂东段和岷江断裂北段及鲜水河断裂康定段应力加载大于0.01 MPa,增加了这些断裂带发生地震的危险性. | 黄禄渊 程惠红 张怀 高锐 石耀霖 | 2019 | 地球物理学报2019,62,4: | 11 |
| 17 | 龙门山断裂带最新地震活动特征及其意义显示文摘综合最新布设的龙门山断裂带地震空段台阵(LmsSGA)与四川省地震局固定地震台网数据,对龙门山断裂带新近一年(2016年11月21日到2017年10月28日)的23479个地震事件开展双差定位工作,共获取包括汶川地震余震和芦山地震余震在内的6111个重定位地震事件.在此基础上,分别与汶川地震和芦山地震的早期余震空间分布特征进行比较.研究发现在汶川地震发生近十年后,其余震活动依旧活跃.汶川地震现今余震活动主要分布在10~25km的深度区间,震源深度呈现西南段较东北段偏深的特征.此外,汶川近年余震分布相比早期余震偏深,破裂带西南段的余震活动有向深部迁移的趋势.对于芦山地震,其近期余震活动较弱,余震主要分布在10~15km的深度区间,比早期余震的分布区间偏浅.龙门山断裂带最新余震活动分布特征表明,余震活动随着时间的推移有迁移的现象.考虑到距离主震事件已分别有5~10年的流逝时间,余震迁移现象可能由以流体扩散方式为主的准静态应力机制触发. | 刘小梅 吴晶 梁春涛 钱旗伟 杜培笑 | 2019 | 地球物理学报2019,62,4: | 10 |
| 18 | Constraining the focal mechanism of the Lushan earthquake with observations of the Earth's free oscillations显示文摘The amplitudes of the Earth's free oscillations have a close relationship to earthquake focal mechanisms. Focal mechanisms of large earthquakes can be well analyzed and constrained with observations of long period free oscillations. Although the 2013 Lushan earthquake was only moderately sized, observable spherical normal modes were excited and clearly observed by a superconductive gravimeter and a broadband seismometer. We compare observed free oscillations with synthetic normal modes corresponding to four different focal mechanisms for the Lushan earthquake. The results show that source parameters can be analyzed and constrained by spherical normal modes in a 2.3–5 mHz frequency band. The scalar seismic moment M0 has a major influence on the amplitudes of free oscillations; additionally, the strike, dip, rake and depth of the hypocenter have minor influences. We found that the synthetic modes corresponding to the focal mechanism determined by the Global Centroid Moment Tensor show agreement to the observed modes, suggesting that earthquake magnitudes predicted in this way can readily reflect the total energy released by the earthquake. The scalar seismic moment obtained by far-field body wave inversion is significantly underestimated. Focal mechanism solutions can be improved by joint inversion of far- and near-field data. | JIANG Ying HU XiaoGang LIU ChengLi SUN HePing | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014,57,9: | 8 |
| 19 | Preliminary analysis on the source properties and seismogenic structure of the 2017 M_s7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake显示文摘At GMT time 13:19, August 8, 2017, an Ms7.0 earthquake struck the Jiuzhaigou region in Sichuan Province, China,causing severe damages and casualties. To investigate the source properties, seismogenic structures, and seismic hazards, we systematically analyzed the tectonic environment, crustal velocity structure in the source region, source parameters and rupture process, Coulomb failure stress changes, and 3-D features of the rupture plane of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Our results indicate the following:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred on an unmarked fault belonging to the transition zone of the east Kunlun fault system and is located northwest of the Huya fault.(2) Both the mainshock and aftershock rupture zones are located in a region where crustal seismic velocity changes dramatically. Southeast to the source region, shear wave velocity at the middle to lower crust is significantly low, but it rapidly increases northeastward and lies close to the background velocity across the rupture fault.(3) The aftershock zone is narrow and distributes along the northwest-southeast trend, and most aftershocks occur within a depth range of 5–20 km.(4) The focal mechanism of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake indicates a left-lateral strike-slip fault, with strike, dip, and rake angles of 152°, 74° and 8°, respectively. The hypocenter depth measures 20 km, whereas the centroid depth is about 6 km. The co-seismic rupture mainly concentrates at depths of 3–13 km, with a moment magnitude(M_w) of 6.5.(5) The co-seismic rupture also strengthens the Coulomb failure stress at the two ends of the rupture fault and the east segment of the Tazang fault. Aftershocks relocation results together with geological surveys indicate that the causative fault is a near vertical fault with notable spatial variations: dip angle varies within 66°–89° from northwest to southeast and the average dip angle measures ~84°. The results of this work are of fundamental importance for further studies on the source characteristics, tectonic environment, and seismic hazard evaluation of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. | Zujun XIE Yong ZHENG Huajian YAO Lihua FANG Yong ZHANG Chengli LIU Maomao WANG Bin SHAN Huiping ZHANG Junjie REN Lingyun JI Meiqin SONG | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018,61,3: | 8 |
| 20 | 以形变观测为约束的芦山M_S7.0地震孕震机理数值模拟研究显示文摘本文以2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震前后在震中附近开展的形变观测研究结果为约束,利用震区天然地震成像、大地电磁测深、人工地震探测剖面、余震精确定位、震源破裂过程、地质考察、GPS观测、构造应力场等结果,建立了芦山地震震中及邻近地区的深浅部构造二维有限元数值模型,探讨了青藏高原向东挤出运动、区域地形特征、地壳内低速带和滑脱面、震区主要断裂带活动等可能因素对芦山地震孕育和破裂的控制作用.模拟结果显示,汶川地震后的青藏高原东部物质相对四川盆地运动速率增大是引发或加快芦山地震发生的主要动力学控制因素,龙门山断裂带西侧上中地壳内部低速带和滑脱面的存在是控制芦山地震震源位置的重要条件,其他因素则是控制龙门山断裂带长时间尺度区域构造活动的动力学因素;同时本文给出了主震破裂为复杂'y'型双破裂面的同震位移,模拟计算的地表垂直位移与观测结果一致,进一步支持了余震精确定位提出的主震为'y'型破裂面的推测. | 祝爱玉 张东宁 郭颖星 | 2016 | 地球物理学报2016,59,5: | 8 |