| 1 | Hyperpycnal (over density) flows and deposits显示文摘A hyperpycnal flow forms when a relatively dense land-derived gravity flow enters into a marine or lacustrine water reservoir. As a consequence of its excess of density, the incoming flow plunges in coastal areas, generating a highly dynamic and often long-lived dense underflow. Depending on the characteristics of the parent flow(flow duration and flow rheology) and basin salinity, the resulting deposits(hyperpycnites) can be very variable.According to flow duration, land-derived gravity flows can be classified into short-lived or long-lived flows. Shortlived gravity flows last for minutes or hours, and are mostly related to small mountainous river discharges, alluvial fans, collapse of natural dams, landslides, volcanic eruptions, j?kulhlaups, etc. Long-lived gravity flows last for days,weeks or even months, and are mostly associated with medium-to large-size river discharges.Concerning the rheology of the incoming flow, hyperpycnal flows can be initiated by non-Newtonian(cohesive debris flows), Newtonian supercritical(lahars, hyperconcentrated flows, and concentrated flows) or Newtonian subcritical flows(pebbly, sandy or muddy sediment-laden turbulent flows). Once plunged, non-Newtonian and Newtonian supercritical flows require steep slopes to accelerate, allow the incorporation of ambient water and develop flow transformations in order to evolve into a turbidity current and travel further basinward. Their resulting deposits are difficult to differentiate from those related to intrabasinal turbidites. On the contrary, long-lived Newtonian subcritical flows are capable of transferring huge volumes of sediment, freshwater and organic matter far from the coast even along gentle or flat slopes. In marine settings, the buoyant effect of interstitial freshwater in pebbly and sandy hyperpycnal flows can result in lofting due to flow density reversal. Since the excess of density in muddy hyperpycnal flows is provided by silt-clay sediments in turbulent suspension, lofting is not possible even in marine/saline basins. Muddy hyperpycnal flows can also erode the basin bottom during their travel basinward,allowing the incorporation and transfer of intrabasinal sediments and organic matter. Long-lived hyperpycnal flow deposits exhibit typical characteristics that allow a clear differentiation respect to those related to intrabasinal turbidites. Main features include(1) composite beds with gradual and recurrent changes in sediment grain-size and sedimentary structures,(2) mixture of extrabasinal and intrabasinal components,(3) internal and discontinuous erosional surfaces, and(4) lofting rhythmites in marine/saline basins. | Carlos Zavala | 2020 | Journal of Palaeogeography2020，9，3： | 4 |
| 2 | Thickening-upward cycles in deep-marine and deep-lacustrine turbidite lobes:examples from the Clare Basin and the Ordos Basin显示文摘Deep-marine and deep-lacustrine reservoirs have been targets for conventional and unconventional oil and gas exploration and development for decades. Thickening-upward cycles in the deep-marine Carboniferous Ross Sandstone Formation outcrops in western Ireland and the deep-lacustrine Triassic Yanchang Formation outcrops in southeast Ordos Basin have been investigated and correlated in this study. Typical thickening-upward cycles consisting of, from bottom to top:(1) laminated shales/shales with interbedded siltstone beds;(2) interbedded sandstones/siltstones and mudstones;(3) structureless massive sandstones, are well recognized in these outcrops and are interpreted as turbidite lobes. A continuously prograding lobe-element model is proposed to explain the repeated stacking of thickening-upward cycles. Thickening-upward cycles developed within deep-marine and deeplacustrine environments are highly comparable in many aspects, such as sedimentary structures, sheet-like geometries and amalgamation features. A frequent and strong degree of amalgamation is developed within the massive sandstone at the top of each thickening-upward cycle, suggesting a layer-by-layer depositional manner.Field observations and comparison with deep-marine counterparts support the occurrence of turbidity flows in the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin. | Lei-Fu Zhang Da-Zhong Dong | 2020 | Journal of Palaeogeography2020，9，2： | 0 |
| 3 | 正态漏斗附近水沙数值模拟显示文摘针对水库淤积问题,设计了一种正态漏斗排沙装置,在水槽中开展水流试验。对正态漏斗附近水流-泥沙进行欧拉两相流模拟,用水流试验数据对数值模型进行验证,进而分析了不同边界条件下流速、涡量和相浓度场。结果表明,漏斗内部流速梯度较大,泥沙相浓度等值线呈V型不对称分布,漏斗前缘、左后侧和右后侧出现大涡量区。与锥形漏斗对比,正态漏斗近壁面流速大,水流阻力小,3种边界条件下平均涡量减小25.8%~27.2%,出口泥沙相浓度增大15.2%~16.5%,具有降低能量耗散、显著提高排沙效率的作用。 | 孙志林 朱贺贺 连辉乾 丁凯旋 | 2024 | 中国农村水利水电2024，，1： | 0 |
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