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| 1 | 辽东湾红沿河附近海域2017—2018年冬季气温-水温-冰情关系研究显示文摘辽东湾是我国冰情最严重海域,每年冬季都会受到海冰的显著影响,冰情预测评估可为辽东湾涉海活动提供防冰抗冰的技术依据。建立气温-水温-冰情的相关性,结合便于获取的现场高精度连续气象数据和高精度冰情预测模型,可实现局地小尺度的冰情快速预测评估。基于2017—2018年冬季辽东湾东岸红沿河附近海域实测气象-水温-冰情同步观测数据,结合辽东湾大尺度整体冰情(浮冰面积),推演局地气温、水温与不同尺度冰情评价参数(浮冰范围与冰厚)的相关关系,提出基于不同气温区间的气温变化规律的冰底热通量选取方法,进而建立适用于辽东湾的气温-水温-冰情评估方法。相关性分析结果显示:观测点气温与水温存在明显相关性;浮冰范围与气象数据存在明显相关性,临界温度为-5℃的累计负气温能很好拟合本年度盛冰期浮冰范围。基于HIGHTSI进行数值模拟后发现:水温与块体积法计算冰底热通量时,冰水间的热传递系数取2.2×10^(-5)是可行的;水温对冰情的影响表现在海冰冰厚最大值与冰期长短。为弥补辽东湾其他海域因缺少实测海水温度观测数据欠缺、冰底热通量选取不准选取导致的冰情模拟预测评估困难的问题,本文依据水温与气温的相关性,将水温随气温变化划分为结冰区(气温小于-10℃时水温维持冰点附近)、过渡区(气温为-10~-5℃时水温处于-1.4~-0.4℃)、融冰区(气温高于-5℃时水温随气温的增大逐渐增大),进而提出适用于辽东湾所有海域的冰底热通量计算方法和冰情评估方法。 | 马玉贤 王玉 於凡 许宁 袁帅 史文奇 | 2022 | 冰川冻土2022，44，5： | 1 |
| 2 | An overview of Antarctic polynyas: sea ice production, forcing mechanisms, temporal variability and water mass formation显示文摘Polynyas are irregular open water bodies within the sea ice cover in polar regions under freezing weather conditions.In this study,we reviewed the progress of research work on dynamical forcing,sea ice production(SIP),and water mass formation for both coastal polynyas and open-ocean polynyas in the Southern Ocean,as well as the variability and controlling mechanisms of polynya processes on different time scales.Polynyas play an irreplaceable role in the regulation of global ocean circulation and biological processes in regional ocean ecosystems.The coastal polynyas(latent heat polynyas)are mainly located in the Weddell Sea,the Ross Sea and on the west side of protruding topographic features in East Antarctica.During the formation of coastal polynyas,which are mainly forced by offshore winds or ocean currents,brine rejection triggered by high SIP results in the formation of high salinity shelf water,which is the predecessor of the Antarctic bottom water-the lower limb of the global thermohaline circulation.The open-ocean polynyas(sensible heat polynyas)are mainly found in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean,which are formed by ocean convection processes generated by topography and negative wind stress curl.The convection processes bring nutrients into the upper ocean,which supports biological production and makes the polynya regions an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide.The limitations and challenges in polynya research are also discussed. | WEI Zheng ZHANG Zhaoru Timo VIHMA WANG Xiaoqiao CHEN Yuanjie | 2021 | Advances in Polar Science2021，32，4： | 1 |
| 3 | 三种土壤导热率模型对中国北方地表温度的模拟显示文摘为了提高模式CLM4.5(The Community Land Model Version 4.5)对我国北方地表温度的模拟性能,本文利用近30年实况地表温度站点观测资料,开展了Johansen、Côté-Konrad及Lu-Ren三个常用土壤导热率模型对地表温度模拟影响的研究.结果表明,三种导热率方案均能较好地模拟出中国北方地表温度的时空特征,但Lu-Ren方案的模拟误差、均方根误差更小,与实况间的相关性最显著.实况分析表明,近30年来北方地表温度处于快速上升通道中,尤其2003年以来增温趋势更加显著;三种方案均能模拟出这种变化趋势,与实况变化间相关显著,但模拟的增温幅度偏小,其中Lu-Ren方案模拟的变化趋势与实况值最接近.基于Taylor图和降水模拟评估表明,三种方案中Lu-Ren方案模拟效果最好.由此可见,在CLM4.5模式中增加适合我国北方气候模拟的土壤导热率新方案(Lu-Ren方案),提高了CLM模式的模拟效果,促进了该陆面模式的发展. | 任余龙 李振朝 蒋俊霞 高晓清 周甘霖 芦亚玲 | 2022 | 高原气象2022，41，5： | 0 |
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