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| 1 | 小麦抗赤霉病育种回顾与展望显示文摘由禾谷镰刀菌复合种引起的赤霉病是全世界最重要的小麦病害之一,严重影响小麦的产量和品质,受病原菌侵染的籽粒还会产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)为主的毒素,进一步威胁人畜健康。抗赤霉病品种选育与应用是解决小麦赤霉病及毒素危害的有效途径,中国自20世纪50年代开始抗赤霉病育种研究,70年代成立全国协作组,建立的人工接种鉴定方法被广泛用于赤霉病抗性评价,筛选出的苏麦3号、望水白等抗源被国内外广泛用于抗赤霉病研究,育成的农艺性状优良且中抗赤霉病的扬麦158号和宁麦9号等品种是抗赤霉病育种的重要突破,不仅在生产上得到大面积应用,而且作为亲本分别育成了20多个小麦品种。除常规育种外,还利用染色体工程技术将外源种质赤霉病抗性导入小麦栽培品种中,基于细胞工程技术的体细胞无性系变异和加倍单倍体创制在小麦赤霉病遗传改良中拓宽了遗传变异背景,提高了育种效率。20世纪90年代赤霉病在北美洲的流行促使欧美重视小麦赤霉病研究。国际合作促进了小麦赤霉病育种的资源、技术和信息交流,赤霉病抗性类型、鉴定技术和评价指标研究、抗赤霉病种质发掘、QTL定位、关键基因克隆、标记辅助选择及抗病品种培育等方面均取得了明显进展,利用双亲连锁作图和全基因组关联分析定位了600多个赤霉病抗性相关QTL,涉及小麦所有21条染色体,定名了Fhb1-Fhb77个赤霉病抗性基因/QTL。针对苏麦3号和望水白等中国抗源的主效QTL(Fhb1),克隆了其关键基因并进行了功能验证,开发了基因的功能标记,并成功应用于标记辅助选择,培育出赤霉病抗性显著改良的小麦新品种。来自长穗偃麦草的Fhb7候选基因也被克隆,并用于提高栽培小麦品种赤霉病抗性。在精细定位的基础上,开发了紧密连锁分子标记,利用标记辅助选择将不同位点抗性QTL聚合,进一步提高了小麦赤霉病抗性。展望未来,应研究建立精准的赤霉病抗性表型评价体系、加强抗赤霉病新种质和新基因发掘、克隆主效抗病QTL的关键基因并明确其分子机制,将标记辅助选择或基因组选择与常规育种相结合,不断提升小麦抗赤霉病育种效率和水平,培育赤霉病抗性显著提高、综合性状优良的小麦品种。 | 马鸿翔 王永刚 高玉姣 何漪 姜朋 吴磊 张旭 | 2022 | 中国农业科学2022，55，5： | 12 |
| 2 | 普通小麦颖壳蜡质缺失突变体glossy1的转录组分析显示文摘为了明确突变体颖壳蜡质含量显著变化的分子机制,本研究对源自济麦22颖壳蜡质缺失突变体glossy1与野生型进行了转录组分析。结果表明,在glossy1突变体中,共筛选到12,230个差异表达基因,其中5811个基因在突变体中上调表达,6419个下调表达。GO(gene ontology)功能富集分析发现,差异基因主要富集在蜡质合成和转运途径,具体分布在酰基转移酶活性、脂质结合和水解酶活性等条目,由此推测这些途径与小麦穗部蜡质缺失性状是紧密相关的。我们还利用RT-qPCR检测了参与蜡质代谢途径部分基因的表达,结果与转录组结果是一致的。本研究为今后探究小麦蜡质代谢的分子机制和基因调控网络提供了数据支持,同时也为抗逆小麦育种奠定了理论基础。 | 李玲红 张哲 陈永明 尤明山 倪中福 邢界文 | 2022 | 作物学报2022，48，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Deciphering spike architecture formation towards yield improvement in wheat显示文摘Wheat is the most widely grown crop globally,providing 20%of the daily consumed calories and protein content around the world.With the growing global population and frequent occurrence of extreme weather caused by climate change,ensuring adequate wheat production is essential for food security.The archi-tecture of the inflorescence plays a crucial role in determining the grain number and size,which is a key trait for improving yield.Recent advances in wheat genomics and gene cloning techniques have improved our understanding of wheat spike development and its applications in breeding practices.Here,we summarize the genetic regulation network governing wheat spike formation,the strategies used for identifying and studying the key factors affecting spike architecture,and the progress made in breeding applications.Additionally,we highlight future directions that will aid in the regulatory mechanistic study of wheat spike determination and targeted breeding for grain yield improvement. | Xumei Luo Yiman Yang Xuelei Lin Jun Xiao | 2023 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2023，50，11： | 1 |
| 4 | 小麦FAH超家族的全基因组鉴定和表达模式分析显示文摘FAH超家族是由胡萝卜素羟化酶、脂肪酸和甾醇去饱和酶组成的一类蛋白质。类胡萝卜素含量是小麦营养价值的主要指标之一。本研究利用生物信息学的方法在小麦全基因组水平一共鉴定到96个FAH基因,并预测了TaFAH蛋白的理化性质。结果表明,96个FAH基因在小麦染色体上分布不均匀,在A、B、D染色体组以及未锚定到染色体的Contigs上分别有35、26、34和1个FAH基因。遗传进化分析可以将小麦TaFAH基因划分为五个亚家族,相同亚族的基因结构和保守结构域基本一致。顺式作用元件分析发现小麦TaFAH基因上游2000 bp的启动子序列中共发现18种类型的顺式作用元件,大部分基因与光响应元件、脱落酸响应元件以及茉莉酸甲酯响应元件有关。96个基因中鉴定出14个小麦TaFAH基因为串联重复基因,80个小麦TaFAH基因为片段重复基因。表达模式分析发现,TaFAH基因在不同组织、不同生长发育时期和不同非生物胁迫环境下存在差异表达,序列相似性高的基因,尤其是同源基因具有相似的表达模式。本研究对小麦TaFAH基因超家族进行鉴定和分析,为进一步研究小麦TaFAH基因超家族的功能提供了一定的参考和依据。 | 丁睿 胡乐佳 郑晶 王其飞 朱靖环 华为 胡鑫 | 2022 | 分子植物育种2022，20，19： | 1 |
| 5 | 泛基因组研究在遗传多样性和功能基因组学中的应用显示文摘相对于单个参考基因组仅聚焦于个体遗传信息的挖掘,泛基因组研究则能够反映整个物种或类群全部的遗传信息。随着基因组测序和分析技术的不断发展,泛基因组学逐渐成为新的研究热点,并已在植物、动物和微生物多个物种中获得了广泛应用,为全面解析物种或类群水平的遗传变异和多样性、功能基因组和系统进化重建等研究提供了强有力的工具,取得了很多显著的研究成果。尽管如此,由于泛基因组学研究尚处于发展阶段,测序费用和分析成本仍然较高,难以广泛普及;且存在分析标准不一、数据挖掘不够全面深入、理论难以应用于生产实际等尚待解决的问题,仍有较大的发展空间。该文系统总结了泛基因组在生物遗传多样性挖掘和功能基因组学中的研究进展,主要包括其在泛基因组图谱的构建、基因组变异和有利基因的发掘、功能基因的多态性、群体遗传多样性和系统进化等多个领域中的应用和研究,探讨了其在不同领域的应用潜力。同时,讨论了目前泛基因组研究中存在的局限性和可能的解决方法,并对其将来的发展前景进行了展望。 | 向坤莉 贺文闯 邹益 彭丹 张晓妮 廖雪竹 王杰 杨健康 武志强 | 2021 | 广西植物2021，41，10： | 1 |
| 6 | 利用集群分离分析结合高密度芯片快速定位小麦成株期抗条锈病基因YrC271显示文摘由国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)培育的春小麦高代选系C271对小麦条锈病保持抗性近40年。为明确C271的抗条锈病遗传组分,利用感病品种晋麦79与C271杂交构建含有229个F_(2:3)家系的遗传群体,并于2019年在陕西杨凌和四川江油进行成株期病害调查。运用集群分离分析(BSA)结合高密度660K芯片策略在3B染色体短臂上快速挖掘出大量的与抗病关联的SNP,利用等位基因特异的定量PCR标记(AQP)进行验证并作图,成功检测到一个效应值较大的QTL,可解释表型变异为22.7%~30.8%,暂命名为YrC271,位于标记AX-109001377和AX-111087256之间,约1.9 cM,对应的物理距离1.9 Mb。利用已公布的小麦基因组信息对该区间进行比较基因组分析,结果表明,与中国春基因组相比,不同材料间存在小片段的插入以及倒位现象,但总体共线性良好。同时利用1484份小麦660K分型数据对该区间进行单倍型分析,总体可分为5种区间单倍型,其中C271所在的单倍型组的抗性优于其他组。虽然C271不含有Yr30和Yr58连锁标记的阳性片段,但从相对遗传位置、条锈病抗性表现以及育种系谱看,YrC271与Yr30和Yr58都很类似,其关系需要进一步确认。对主效QTL定位来讲,芯片结合BSA策略可快速锁定目标QTL区域,再应用AQP技术既提高了作图效率,也降低了标记分析的成本,为高通量基因/QTL定位工作提供了借鉴。 | 刘丹 周彩娥 王晓婷 吴启蒙 张旭 王琪琳 曾庆东 康振生 韩德俊 吴建辉 | 2022 | 作物学报2022，48，3： | 1 |
| 7 | 小麦分蘖数目遗传研究进展与展望显示文摘分蘖数目是决定小麦产量的重要性状之一。在小麦生长发育过程中,分蘖是一个复杂的生理过程。了解小麦分蘖数目的分子遗传机制有利于对小麦株型进行精准改良。本文从分蘖生长发育过程、分蘖数目遗传位点的挖掘以及相关基因的克隆三方面进行综述,并对小麦分蘖数目性状的研究进行展望,以期为小麦分蘖遗传研究和品种改良提供参考。 | 申雪懿 李东升 陈琛 曲朝喜 郭瑞 姚维成 刘家俊 邓垚 温明星 | 2023 | 麦类作物学报2023，43，10： | 0 |
| 8 | Paternally imprinted LATE-FLOWERING2 transcription factor contributes to paternal-excess interploidy hybridization barriers in wheat∞显示文摘Interploidy hybridization between hexaploid and tetraploid genotypes occurred repeatedly during genomic introgression events throughout wheat evolution,and is commonly employed in wheat breeding programs.Hexaploid wheat usually serves as maternal parent because the reciprocal cross generates progeny with severe defects and poor seed germination,but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.Here,we performed detailed analysis of phenotypic variation in endosperm between two interploidy reciprocal crosses arising from tetraploid(Triticum durum,AABB)and hexaploid wheat(Triticum aestivum,AABBDD).In the paternal‐versus the maternal‐excess cross,the timing of endosperm cellularization was delayed and starch granule accumulation in the endosperm was repressed,causing reduced germination percentage.The expression profiles of genes involved in nutrient metabolism differed strongly between these endosperm types.Furthermore,expression patterns of parental alleles were dramatically disturbed in interploidy versus intraploidy crosses,leading to increased number of imprinted genes.The endosperm‐specific TaLFL2 showed a paternally imprinted expression pattern in interploidy crosses partially due to allele‐specific DNA methylation.Paternal TaLFL2 binds to and represses a nutrient accumulation regulator TaNAC019,leading to reduced storage protein and starch accumulation during endosperm development in paternal‐excess cross,as confirmed by interploidy crosses between tetraploid wild‐type and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR‐associated protein 9 generated hexaploid mutants.These findings reveal a contribution of genomic imprinting to paternal‐excess interploidy hybridization barriers during wheat evolution history and explains why experienced breeders preferentially exploit maternal‐excess interploidy crosses in wheat breeding programs. | Guanghui Yang Man Feng Kuohai Yu Guangxian Cui Yan Zhou Lv Sun Lulu Gao Yumei Zhang Huiru Peng Yingyin Yao Zhaorong Hu Vincenzo Rossi Ive De Smet Zhongfu Ni Qixin Sun Mingming Xin | 2023 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2023，65，12： | 0 |
| 9 | 数据密集型农业科研服务平台架构设计显示文摘针对数据密集型科研范式下农业领域数据密集型计算服务能力不足的问题,研究设计集泛在智能知识服务与专业领域计算服务于一体的数字科研知识服务模式。调研分析国内外数字科研基础设施与数字科研平台建设经验,剖析数据密集型农业科研的新特征和知识服务需求,从基础设施层、数据层、关键技术层、核心功能层和服务层5个层面阐述数据密集型农业科研服务平台的架构方案,并给出面向作物计算育种知识服务的数字科研平台设计实例。以期为数据密集型农业科研平台的研发和应用场景的落地提供参考,为支撑数据密集型农业科研创新提供可借鉴的知识服务路径。 | 张丹丹 赵瑞雪 王剑 鲜国建 黄永文 | 2023 | 数字图书馆论坛2023，19，10： | 0 |
| 10 | Deciphering the evolution and complexity of wheat germplasm from a genomic perspective显示文摘Bread wheat provides an essential fraction of the daily calorific intake for humanity.Due to its huge and complex genome,progress in studying on the wheat genome is substantially trailed behind those of the other two major crops,rice and maize,for at least a decade.With rapid advances in genome assembling and reduced cost of high-throughput sequencing,emerging de novo genome assemblies of wheat and whole-genome sequencing data are leading to a paradigm shift in wheat research.Here,we review recent progress in dissecting the complex genome and germplasm evolution of wheat since the release of the first high-quality wheat genome.New insights have been gained in the evolution of wheat germplasm during domestication and modern breeding progress,genomic variations at multiple scales contributing to the diversity of wheat germplasm,and complex transcriptional and epigenetic regulations of functional genes in polyploid wheat.Genomics databases and bioinformatics tools meeting the urgent needs of wheat ge-nomics research are also summarized.The ever-increasing omics data,along with advanced tools and well-structured databases,are expected to accelerate deciphering the germplasm and gene resources in wheat for future breeding advances. | Zihao Wang Lingfeng Miao Yongming Chen Huiru Peng Zhongfu Ni Qixin Sun Weilong Guo | 2023 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2023，50，11： | 0 |
| 11 | Breeding design in wheat by combining the QTL information in a GWAS panel with a general genetic map and computer simulation显示文摘A large amount of genome-wide association study(GWAS)panels together with quantitative-trait locus(QTL)information associated with breeding-targeted traits have been described in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).However,the application of mapping results from a GWAS panel to conventional wheat breeding remains a challenge.In this study,we first report a general genetic map which was constructed from 44 published linkage maps.It permits the estimation of genetic distances between any two genetic loci with physical map positions,thereby unifying the linkage relationships between QTL,genes,and genomic markers from multiple genetic populations.Second,we describe QTL mapping in a wheat GWAS panel of 688 accessions,identifying 77 QTL associated with 12 yield and grain-quality traits.Because these QTL have known physical map positions,they could be mapped onto the general map.Finally,we present a design approach to wheat breeding by using known QTL information and computer simulation.Potential crosses between parents in the GWAS panel may be evaluated by the relative frequency of the target genotype,trait correlations in simulated progeny populations,and genetic gain of selected progenies.It is possible to simultaneously improve yield and grain quality by suitable parental selection,progeny population size,and progeny selection scheme.Applying the design approach will allow identifying the most promising crosses and selection schemes in advance of the field experiment,increasing predictability and efficiency in wheat breeding. | Xiaobo Wang Weiwei Mao Yongfa Wang Hongyao Lou Panfeng Guan Yongming Chen Huiru Peng Jiankang Wang | 2023 | The Crop Journal2023，11，6： | 0 |
| 12 | WheatGene: A genomics database for common wheat and its related species显示文摘Common wheat(Triticum aestivum) is a hexaploid plant(AABBDD) derived from genetically related tetraploid wheat T. turgidum(AABB) and a diploid goatgrass Aegilops tauschii(DD). Recent advances in sequencing technology and genome assembly strategies allow the acquisition of multiple wheat genomes, calling for a centralized database to store, manage and query the genomics information in a manner to reflect their evolutionary relationship and to perform effective comparative genome analysis. Here,we built WheatGene, a database that contains five wheat genomes of 318,102 genes and 945,900 transcripts and their expression information in 998 RNA-seq samples that can be searched and compared in an interactive manner. WheatGene was developed with Drupal, a popular content management system and the toolkit Tripal managed the biological information. The database was accessible through a web browser with species, search, gene expression, tools, and literature entries. Tools available were BLAST,synteny viewer, map viewer, JBrowse, data downloads, gene expression heatmap and bar chart, and homologs viewer. Moreover, the map viewer connected genomics data with genetic maps and QTL that can be searched for markers for molecular breeding. WheatGene was developed with open-source modules and libraries. WheatGene is available at http://gffzz808acca90e7644cahbxk9ck56oupx6xu6.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn. | Diego F.Garcia Zhengyu Wang Jiantao Guan Lingjie Yin Shuaifeng Geng Aili Li Long Mao | 2021 | The Crop Journal2021，9，6： | 0 |
| 13 | 小麦高质量SNP对产量及根系表型的潜在影响分析与在线数据库的构建显示文摘根据413份小麦苗期根系转录组测序数据,从中筛选得到45898个高质量SNP,结合多年田间产量与实验室根系的群体表型,通过显著性差异分析,鉴定到123个SNP对千粒质量存在潜在影响,299个SNP对穗粒数存在潜在影响,1660个SNP对有效分蘖数存在潜在影响,51个SNP对根表面积存在潜在影响,121个SNP对根体积存在潜在影响,97个SNP对根鲜质量存在潜在影响,并搭建小麦SNPs在线数据库(TS-WheatDB),为小麦分子标记选择以及分子标记辅助育种提供参考。该数据库主要包含小麦SNP的位置信息、群体分布、变异类型以及对产量、根系表型影响情况,并提供查询和下载功能。 | 胡尊铠 朱志伟 刘子辉 赵鹏 王晓明 许盛宝 | 2023 | 西北农业学报2023，32，11： | 0 |
| 14 | 小麦穗发育相关基因的研究进展显示文摘【目的】认识小麦穗发育调控相关基因及调控网络,为穗部性状遗传改良和育种利用奠定基础。【方法】通过查阅国内外小麦穗发育相关文献和基因的研究动态,对小麦穗发育过程、穗部调控相关基因和穗部相关的重要QTL等方面进展进行总结与分析。【结果】小麦的穗部性状直接与产量相关,其穗部发育一直是育种家和分子生物学家研究的热点。基于水稻和玉米的研究进展,以及测序技术和分子生物技术的发展,许多研究已经证明一些基因在小麦的穗发育过程中发挥关键作用,影响穗部性状,小麦穗发育的调控途径也逐渐被发现。【结论】小麦穗发育研究与禾本科模式作物水稻相比较为缓慢,但随着测序技术和转基因技术的发展,将大大加快穗型调控基因的克隆和功能分析,小麦穗部研究正迎来春天。 | 马建 丁浦洋 王素荣 牟杨 唐华苹 唐力为 兰秀锦 | 2022 | 四川农业大学学报2022，40，1： | 0 |
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