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| 1 | Clinical characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia显示文摘Psittacosis is a zoonosis caused by Chlamydia psittaci,a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium.This condition is caused by the ingestion of contaminated fecal matter and nasal secretions from infected birds.The severity of human psittacosis varies from mildflu-like symptoms to life-threatening severe pneumonia.[1]Given that C.psittaci is not a part of the traditional microbiological diagnosis’human psittacosis is often underreported,misdiagnosed,and inadequately diagnosed.In this study,the clinical data of C.psittaci pneumonia patients were retrospectively analyzed. | Cheng-Ying Kong Jun Zhu Jing-Jing Lu Zhi-Hao Xu | 2021 | Chinese Medical Journal2021，，3： | 31 |
| 2 | Immunization with chlamydial plasmid protein pORF5 DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against genital chlamydial infection in mice显示文摘To validate the immune protective efficacy of pORF5 DNA vaccine and to analyze potential mechanisms related to this protection. In this study, pORF5 DNA vaccine was constructed and evaluated for its protective immunity in a mouse model of genital chlamydial infection. Groups of BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with pORF5 DNA vaccine. Humoral and cell mediated immune responses were evaluated. The clearance ability of chlamydial challenge from the genital tract and the chlamy- dia-induced upper genital tract gross pathology and histopathological characterization were also de- tected. The results showed that the total and the IgG2a anti-pORF5 antibody levels in serum were sig- nificantly elevated after pcDNA3.1-pORF5 vaccination, as were the total antibody and IgA levels in vaginal fluids. pcDNA3.1-pORF5 induced a significantly high level of Th1 response as measured by robust gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Minimal IL-4 was produced by immune T cells in response to the re-stimulation with pORF5 protein or the inactive elementary body in vitro. pcDNA3.1-pORF5-vacci- nated mice displayed significantly reduced bacterial shedding upon a chlamydial challenge and an accelerated resolution of infection. 100% of pcDNA3.1-pORF5 vaccinated mice successfully resolved the infection by day 24. pcDNA3.1-pORF5-immunized mice also exhibited protection against patho- logical consequences of chlamydial infection. The stimulated index was significantly higher than that of mice immunized with pcDNA3.1 and PBS (P<0.05). Together, these results demonstrated that immu- nization with pORF5 DNA vaccine is a promising approach for eliciting a protective immunity against a genital chlamydial challenge. | LI ZhongYu1,2, WANG ShiPing1, Wu YiMou2, ZHONG GuangMing3 & CHEN Ding3 1 Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China 3 University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，11： | 16 |
| 3 | Bacterial vaginosis:a synthesis of the literature on etiology,prevalence,risk factors,and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections显示文摘Bacterial vaginosis(BV) is a common vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age. Since the initial work of Leopoldo in 1953 and Gardner and Dukes in 1955, researchers have not been able to identify the causative etiologic agent of BV. There is increasing evidence, however, that BV occurs when Lactobacillus spp., the predominant species in healthy vaginal flora, are replaced by anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardenella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii, M. mulieris, other anaerobic bacteria and/or Mycoplasma hominis. Worldwide, it estimated that 20%–30% of women of reproductive age attending sexually transmitted infection(STI) clinics suffer from BV, and that its prevalence can be as high as 50%–60% in high-risk populations(e.g., those who practice commercial sex work(CSW). Epidemiological data show that women are more likely to report BV if they: 1) have had a higher number of lifetime sexual partners; 2) are unmarried; 3) have engaged in their first intercourse at a younger age; 4) have engaged in CSW, and 5) practice regular douching. In the past decade, several studies have provided evidence on the contribution of sexual activity to BV. However, it is difficult to state that BV is a STI without being able to identify the etiologic agent. BV has also emerged as a public health problem due to its association with other STIs, including: human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2), Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG). The most recent evidence on the association between BV and CT/NG infection comes from two secondary analyses of cohort data conducted among women attending STI clinics. Based on these studies, women with BV had a 1.8 and 1.9-fold increased risk for NG and CT infection, respectively. Taken together, BV is likely a risk factor or at least an important contributor to subsequent NG or CT infection in high-risk women. Additional research is required to determine whether this association is also present in other low-risk sexually active populations, such as among women in the US military. It is essential to conduct large scale cross-sectional or population-based case-control studies to investigate the role of BV as a risk factor for CT/NG infections. These studies could lead to the development of interventions aimed at reducing the burden associated with bacterial STIs worldwide. | Christian T.Bautista Eyako Wurapa Warren B.Sateren Sara Morris Bruce Hollingsworth Jose L.Sanchez | 2016 | Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)2016，31，2： | 11 |
| 4 | Atherosclerosis,inflammation and Chlamydia pneumoniae显示文摘Coronary heart disease is the single most common cause of illness and death in the developed world.Coronary atherosclerosis is by far the most frequent cause of ischemic heart disease,and plaque disruption with superimposed thrombosis is the main cause of the acute coronary syndromes of unstable angina,myocardial infarction,and sudden death.Atherosclerosis is the result of a complex interaction between blood elements,disturbed flow,and vessel wall abnormality,involving several pathological processes:inflammation,with increased endothelial permeability,endothelial activation,and monocyte recruitment;growth,with smooth muscle cell proliferation,migration,and matrix synthesis;degeneration,with lipid accumulation;necrosis,possibly related to the cytotoxic effect of oxidized lipid;calcification/ossification,which may represent an active rather than a dystrophic process;and thrombosis,with platelet recruitment and fibrin formation.In this review we discuss these processes and the possible pathological effects of Chlamydia infection and the ensuing phlogosis. | Giovanni Fazio Maria Giovino Alessandro Gullotti Daniela Bacarella Giuseppina Novo Salvatore Novo | 2009 | World Journal of Cardiology2009，1，1： | 10 |
| 5 | Continuous quality improvement methodology: a case study on multidisciplinary collaboration to improve chlamydia screening显示文摘This article illustrates quality improvement(QI)methodology using an example intended to improve chlamydia screening in women.QI projects in healthcare provide great opportunities to improve patient quality and safety in a real-world healthcare setting,yet many academic centres lack training programmes on how to conduct QI projects.The choice of chlamydia screening was based on the significant health burden chlamydia poses despite simple ways to screen and treat.At the University of Michigan,we implemented a multidepartment process to improve the chlamydia screening rates using the plan-do-check-act model.Steps to guide QI projects include the following:(1)assemble a motivated team of stakeholders and leaders;(2)identify the problem that is considered a high priority;(3)prepare for the project including support and resources;(4)set a goal and ways to evaluate outcomes;(5)identify the root cause(s)of the problem and prioritise based on impact and effort to address;(6)develop a countermeasure that addresses the selected root cause effectively;(7)pilot a small-scale project to assess for possible modifications;(8)large-scale roll-out including education on how to implement the project;and(9)assess and modify the process with a feedback mechanism.Using this nine-step process,chlamydia screening rates increased from 29%to 60%.QI projects differ from most clinical research projects by allowing clinicians to directly improve patients’health while contributing to the medical science body.This may interest clinicians wishing to conduct relevant research that can be disseminated through academic channels. | Allison Ursu Grant Greenberg Michael McKee | 2019 | Family Medicine and Community Health2019，7，2： | 7 |
| 6 | Respective IL-17A production by γδ T and Th17 cells and its implication in host defense against chlamydial lung infection显示文摘The role of IL-17A is important in protection against lung infection with Chlamydiae,an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen.In this study,we explored the producers of IL-17A in chlamydial lung infection and specifically tested the role of major IL-17A producers in protective immunity.We found thatγδT cells and Th17 cells are the major producers of IL-17A at the early and later stages of chlamydial infection,respectively.Depletion ofγδT cells in vivo at the early postinfection(p.i.)stage,when mostγδT cells produce IL-17A,failed to alter Th1 responses and bacterial clearance.In contrast,the blockade of IL-17A at the time when IL-17A was mainly produced by Th17(day 7 p.i.)markedly reduced the Th1 response and increased chlamydial growth.The data suggest that theγδT cell is the highest producer of IL-17A in the very early stages of infection,but the protection conferred by IL-17A is mainly mediated by Th17 cells.In addition,we found that depletion ofγδT cells reduced IL-1αproduction by dendritic cells,which was associated with a reduced Th17 response.This finding is helpful to understand the variable role of IL-17A in different infections and to develop preventive and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases by targeting IL-17A. | Hong Bai Xiaoling Gao Lei Zhao Ying Peng Jie Yang Sai Qiao Huili Zhao Shuhe Wang YiJun Fan Antony George Joyee Zhi Yao Xi Yang | 2017 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2017，14，10： | 7 |
| 7 | Clinical Observation of Pregnancy with Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection.显示文摘From 1992 to 1993, 1 389 cases of pregnancy at 12-20 gestational weeks were investigated. At first antenatal visit the samples of cervical secretion were taken for chlamydia trachomatis antigen test and blood samples were tested for antidody simultaneously. Micro immunofluorescence | Ding Ying et al. Shanghai Changning District Women’s Hospital, Shanghai 200052 | 1995 | Chinese Medical Journal1995，，7： | 6 |
| 8 | Study of the prevalence and association of ocular chlamydial conjunctivitis in women with genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Candida albicans attending outpatient clinic显示文摘AIM: To determine the association between chlamydial conjunctivitis and genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Candida albicans, in addition to the possible relationship between cultured bacterial pathogens and oculogenital chlamydial infection.METHODS: This study was performed on 100(50 symptomatic and 50 asymptomatic) women attending the Gynecological and Obstetric outpatient clinic of Alzahra hospital, Alazhar University. Simultaneously a conjunctival swab was taken from these patients.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was done on DNA extracted from both vaginal and conjunctival swab samples. Culture for both vaginal and conjunctival swabs was also done.RESULTS: Candida albicans was the predominant organism isolated by culture in 20% and 40% of conjunctival and vaginal swabs respectively. By the PCR method, ocular Chlamydia trachomatis was present in 60% of symptomatic women, while genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection was present in 30% of symptomatic women. The results of this method also indicated that 25/50(50%) vaginal swabs were positive with PCR for Candida albicans versus 15/50(30%) were PCR positive in conjunctival swab. Mycoplasma genitalium was present in only 10% of vaginal swabs.Concomitant oculogenital PCR positive results for Chlamydia trachomatis and Candida albicans were 30% and 28% respectively.CONCLUSION: Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis was associated with genital Chlamydia trachomatis in a high percentage of women followed by Candida albicans.Cultured bacterial organisms do not play a role in enhancement of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. | Rania Abdelmonem Khattab Maha Mohssen Abdelfattah | 2016 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2016，9，8： | 2 |
| 9 | Screening for asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhea in adolescent males in an urban pediatric emergency department显示文摘AIM To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) and Neisseria gonorrhea(GC) in young men seeking care in the emergency department(ED) for non-sexually transmitted infection(STI) related symptoms.METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional study in an urban ED. The main outcome was the rate of positive CT and GC on urine nucleic acid amplification testing in males aged 16-21 presenting with non-STI related complaints. RESULTS Two hundred and eighty-four patients were enrolled, 271 were included in the final data analysis [age range 16-21, median: 18(quartiles 16-18, 19-21)]. Overall, 17(6.3%, 95%CI: 4%-10%) tested positive for CT and 0%(95%CI: 0%-2%) were found to have GC. The proportion of sexually active subjects was 71%(95%CI: 65%-76%) and 2%(95%CI: 0.6%-4%) reported sex with men. Previous STI testing was reported in 46%(95%CI: 43%-54%) and 13%(95%CI: 8%-20%) of those patients previously tested had a history of STI. Of the patients who tested positive for CT in the ED, 88%(95%CI: 64%-98%) were successfully followed up. CONCLUSION The prevalence of CT infection found by screening was 6.3%. Screening and follow-up from the ED was successful. The findings justify routine STI screening in male adolescents presenting to the ED with non-STI related complaints. | Megan E Maraynes Jennifer H Chao Konstantinos Agoritsas Richard Sinert Shahriar Zehtabchi | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，3： | 1 |
| 10 | 猫衣原体病显示文摘猫衣原体病是由鹦鹉热衣原体的某些菌株引起的接触性传染病,以病猫的喷嚏、咳嗽、流泪、结膜炎、鼻气管炎、肺炎及胃肠道感染为主要特征。病原鹦鹉热衣原体(Chlamydia psittacci)是一个专性细胞内寄生的微生物群,因不能合成高能化合物而只能在活细胞内繁殖,革兰氏阴性,有独特的发育周期,感染型称为原体,球形,直径0.2—0. | 杨宜生 | 1990 | 湖北畜牧兽医1990，0，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Detection of Chlamydia pneumonia DNA in nasopharyngolaryngeal swab samples from patients with rhinitis and pharyngolaryngitis with polymerase chain reaction显示文摘Objective To assess the prevalence of Chlamydia pneumomia DNA in patients with otolaryngic disease Methods PCR assay was used to detect Chlamydia pneumonia specific Pst Ⅰ 474 fragment DNA in swabs from patients with acute or subacute pharyngolaryngitis or rhinitis and sinusitis C pneumonia specific antibodies in sera were also assayed with microimmuno fluoresence (MIF) Results About 28% (49/175) of the patients were PCR positive and 25 7%(45/175) were MIF antibodies positive The accordance rate of the two methods was 91 8% Conclusion It is suggested that the C pneumonia infection was common in this group of patients and the C pneumonia Pst Ⅰ474 specific PCR was sensitive and specific for detecting C pneumonia in pharyngolaryngitis or rhinitis and | 张官萍 宁波 李永奇 | 2000 | Chinese Medical Journal2000，，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Impact of viral and bacterial infections in coronary artery disease patients显示文摘Atherosclerosis is becoming an alarming disease for the existence of healthy human beings in the 21 st century.There are a growing number of agents, either modernized life style generated, competitive work culture related or infection with some bacterial or viral agents,documented every year. These infectious agents do not have proper diagnostics or detection availability in many poor and developing countries. Hence, as active medical researchers, we summarize some aspects of infectious agents and their related mechanisms in this review which may be beneficial for new beginners in this field and update awareness in the field of cardiovascular biology. | Hem Chandra Jha Aruna Mittal | 2013 | World Journal of Translational Medicine2013，2，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Study on vertical transmision of Chlamydia trachomatis using PCR and DNA sequencing显示文摘ObjectiveToinvestigatetheverticaltransmissionrateofChlamydiatrachomatis(CT)inChongqing,China.MethodsSpecimenstakenfrom278wome... | 吴仕孝 沈犁 刘官信 | 1999 | Chinese Medical Journal1999，，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the male genital tract:what seems to be the trouble?显示文摘Male genital tract inflammation/infection and its impact on male fertility are still widely neglected in the workup of male fertility disturbances.Apart from inconsistent definitions of such inflammatory conditions which allow no adequate diagnosis and,consequently,no rational therapeutic approach,the role of bacterial infection,in particular by Chlamydia trachomatis,is also controversially discussed.One reason for that may be insufficient tools of sperm analysis in many laboratories that only rely on basic semen parameters as sperm number,motility,and morphology,in best cases accompanied by determination of the concentration of leukocytes. | Gerhard Haidl Jean-Pierre Allam | 2022 | Asian Journal of Andrology2022，24，1： | 1 |
| 15 | 肺炎衣原体感染——一种新的呼吸系统致病原显示文摘近几年新发现的一种衣原体——肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumonia,TWAR株),可引起许多急性呼吸道感染疾患,包括肺炎、支气管炎、鼻窦炎和咽炎等,临床表现以肺炎为主,已在世界上许多国家和地区引起流行。据统计。 | 施毅 康晓明 | 1990 | 医学研究生学报1990，3，3： | 0 |
| 16 | Chlamydial infections in urological disease: A challenging management显示文摘Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) infections are the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infections worldwide, causing considerable morbidity and socioeconomic problems. Moreover, Ct infections are asymptomatic in approximately 50% of infected men and 70% of infected women, with the risk for reproductive tract sequelae both in women and men. Recent studies have improved the comprehension of this infection and its natural history, also highlighting its role in decreasing male fertility. Severe complications can be avoided only by a proper early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. We reviewed the literature relating to the new findings in the treatment of Ct infection in sexually active young men. Articles from 1960-2012 were identified through a Medline search using the keywords'Chlamydia trachomatis ' combined with 'urethritis', 'epididymitis', 'prostatitis', 'treatment' or 'management'. Currently, several studies have been published about the role of new antibiotic schedules and new associated compounds in order to improve the efficacy in terms of microbiological results and patient quality of life. In particular, several studies stress the fact that Chlamydia is only metabolically active in the host cell and therefore only targeted intracellularly by antibiotics. Even although the standard therapy includes intracellularly-accumulated antibiotics such as tetracyclines or macrolides, recent evidence highlights the role of quinolones. In particular, recent studies highlight the role of prulifloxacin in the treatment of chronic prostatitis for improving the patient's quality of life and decreasing the IL-8 level. However, future studies should focus on delineating the natural history of recurrent infections, paying particular attention to treatment failures. | Tommaso Cai Paolo Verze Sandra Mazzoli Francesca Pisano Daniele Tiscione Paolo Gontero Vincenzo Mirone Riccardo Bartoletti | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Urology2014，3，1： | 0 |
| 17 | Detection of chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction assay in nonbacterial prostatitis显示文摘DetectionofchlamydiatrachomatisbypolymerasechainreactionasayinnonbacterialprostatitisGuoHeqing郭和清,LuGongcheng鲁功成,ZhangQijun张齐... | 郭和清 鲁功成 张齐钧 熊旭林 | 1997 | Chinese Medical Journal1997，，3： | 0 |
| 18 | Etiology of trachoma:a great success in isolating and cultivating chlamydia trachomatis显示文摘To review the studies on the etiology of trachoma and to honor Professor Tang Feifan (Prof FF Tang) He is the first scientist who was successful in isolating and cultivating chlamydia trachomatis in 1946 Data sources The principal literatures are cited from Tang’s papers published from the 1930s to the 1950s Earlier literatures concerning early hypotheses for trachoma pathogenic agent are also studied Study selection and data extraction Only important and conclusive breakthroughs in Tang’s papers are selected and extracted Results and conclusions In the 1930s Tang was intending to repeat Noguchi’s experiments in isolating bacterium granulosis from cases of trachoma in China and to employ bacterium granulosis isolated by Noguchi in 1928 for reproducing experimental trachomatous human clinical manifestations in China Both experiments showed negative results In the 1950s, before isolated chlamydia trachomtas, Tang and his colleagues had finished two fundamental studies: (1) the histological nature of trachoma, their relationship to etiological agent as well as to the host cells; and (2) the clinical manifestations and the morphological pictures of trachoma in monkeys Eventually chlamydia trachomatis was isolated successfully and cultivated | 王用楫 | 1999 | Chinese Medical Journal1999，，10： | 0 |
| 19 | Extragenital chlamydia infection among active-duty women in the United States Navy显示文摘Background: Pharyngeal and anorectal reservoirs of gonorrhea(GC) and chlamydia(CT) are increasingly recognized among heterosexual women. While a number of studies performed at sexually transmitted disease(STD) clinics have found a high prevalence of extragenital GC/CT infection, such screening is typically not offered during routine primary care visits for women. We sought to define the prevalence of and factors associated with extragenital GC/CT among women in the U.S. Navy.Methods: We recruited servicewomen stationed in San Diego, California, between the ages of 18 and 25 who presented for an annual physical exam between January and September, 2017. Nucleic acid amplification testing was performed on swabs collected at endocervical, oropharyngeal and anorectal sites to assess the presence of GC/CT. An anonymous behavioral questionnaire was also administered to characterize sexual risk. Descriptive statistics were used to compare women with and without a prior history of any sexually transmitted infection(STI)(self-report) along with a current GC/CT diagnosis. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences.Results: Of the 75 patients who were approached, 60 subjects were enrolled in the study, including white 20(33.3%), black/African American 18(31.0%), Hispanic/Latina 13(21.7%) and Asian/Pacific Islander 9(15.5%) women. Among all the women, six(10.0%) were diagnosed with CT infection, all via endocervical exam. Of these, five(8.3%) had concurrent anorectal infection, including two cases(3.3%) accompanied by pharyngeal infection. Of the subjects, 15(25.0%) reported anal intercourse in their most recent sexual encounter, most of which was condomless(13/15, 86.7%). A high number of women who reported sex with a casual male partner(19/45, 42.2%) reported rarely or never using condoms;last, 41.7% consuming at least 3 drinks on a typical drinking day, and one-third of the reported drinking more than once per week.Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of anorectal CT infection, although no infections were detected without concurrent endocervical involvement. Nonetheless, the high prevalence of condomless anal intercourse reported by participants argues for further study and ongoing consideration of extragenital screening among high-risk patients. Behavioral interventions are also warranted given the high prevalence of sexual and related risk factors. | Robert Deiss Morgan Byrne Sara MEchols Stephanie MCammarata Lynda Potswald Eduardo Gomez Jennifer ACurry Eric Garges Grace Macalino Brian KAgan Mary FBavaro | 2019 | Military Medical Research2019，6，3： | 0 |
| 20 | PRESENCE OF MURAMIC ACID IN Chlamydia trachomatis PROVED BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY显示文摘Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular parasites. They cause various diseases in man and animals. The developmental cycle of Chlamydia is complex and unique. In the course of their growth and multiplication, two different types of particles are identified. One is the infectious, small elementary body (EB) which can survive outside the host cell, and the other is the noninfectious, large reticulate body (RB, also called the initial body, IB) which is the reproductive form. It has been shown that Chlamy- | 苏华 张友逊 李荣德 | 1985 | Chinese Science Bulletin1985，30，5： | 0 |
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