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| 1 | Incidence and Risk Factors of Cognitive Impairment 3 Months after First-ever Stroke: A Cross-sectional Study of 5 Geographic Areas of China显示文摘This study examined the incidence, neuropsychological characteristics and risk factors of cognitive impairment 3 months after stroke in China. Five regions that differed in geography and economy in China were selected. Patients from the hospitals located in the five regions were prescreened at admission, and the demographic data, vascular risk factors and clinical characteristics of stroke were obtained. A battery of cognitive-specific domain tests was performed in the patients who failed to pass cognitive screening 3 months post stroke. Patients were diagnosed as having post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) or no cognitive impairment (NCI) based on the results of the neuropsy-chological tests. Univariate analysis was performed for suspect risk factors, and significant variables were entered in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Our results showed that a total of 633 patients were recruited 3 months after stroke; complete cognitive tests were performed in 577 of the stroke pa-tients. The incidence of PSCI in these Chinese patients was 30.7%. There were 129 (22.4%) patients with visuospatial impairment, 67 (11.6%) with executive impairment, 60 (10.4%) with memory impairment and 18 (3.1%) with attention impairment. The risk factors associated with PSCI were older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.58), low education level (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.65-3.64), depressive symptom (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.09-2.61), obesity (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.41-4.71), stroke severity 3 months post stroke (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.10-2.37) and cortex lesion (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.04-2.31). It was concluded that PSCI occurs commonly 3 months after first-ever stroke in Chinese patients. Visuospatial ability may be the most frequently impaired cognitive domain for the patients with stroke. The critical risk factors of PSCI are older age, low education level, depressive symptom, obesity, stroke severity 3 months post stroke and cortex lesion. | 张勇 张振馨 杨百渔 李延峰 张蕲 屈秋民 王延平 张世红 岳卫东 谭毓绘 张宝荣 徐涛 | 2012 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2012，32，6： | 29 |
| 2 | Biomass and carbon dynamics of a tropical mountain rain forest in China显示文摘Biometric inventories for 25 years,from 1983 to 2005,indicated that the Jianfengling tropical mountain rain forest in Hainan,China,was either a source or a modest sink of carbon.Overall,this forest was a small carbon sink with an accumulation rate of(0.56±0.22) Mg C ha-1yr-1,integrated from the long-term measurement data of two plots(P9201 and P8302).These findings were similar to those for African and American rain forests((0.62±0.23) Mg C ha-1yr-1).The carbon density varied between(201.43±29.38) Mg C ha-1 and(229.16±39.2) Mg C ha-1,and averaged(214.17±32.42) Mg C ha-1 for plot P9201.Plot P8302,however,varied between(223.95±45.92) Mg C ha-1 and(254.85±48.86) Mg C ha-1,and averaged(243.35±47.64) Mg C ha-1.Quadratic relationships were found between the strength of carbon sequestration and heavy rainstorms and dry months.Precipitation and evapotranspiration are two major factors controlling carbon sequestration in the tropical mountain rain forest. | CHEN DeXiang1*,LI YiDe1,LIU HePing2,XU Han1,XIAO WenFa3,LUO TuShou1,ZHOU Zhang4 & LIN MingXian1 1Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China 2Department of Physics,Atmospheric Science and Geoscience,Jackson State University,MS 39217,USA 3Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China 4Department of Ecology,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100872,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 20 |
| 3 | Do farmers care about climate change? Evidence from five major grain producing areas of China显示文摘Using a logistic model,this paper empirically investigated farmers’perception of climate change and its determinants based on a field survey of 1 350 rural households across five major grain producing provinces in China.The results show:i)There is an apparent difference in perception levels for long-term temperature and precipitation changes.Specifically,57.4%of farmers perceived the long-term temperature change correctly,but only 29.7%of farmers perceived the long-term precipitation change correctly;ii)The factors influencing the farmers’perceptions are almost completely different between precipitation and temperature,the former are mostly agriculture related,while latter are mostly non-agriculture related,except for farm size;and iii)Farmers are not expected to pay more attention to long-term precipitation changes over the crop growing seasons,because less than 30%of farmers can correctly perceive long-term precipitation change.Therefore,to improve the accuracy of farmers’perceptions of climate change,the government is recommended to:i)enhance education and training programs;ii)speed up land transfer and expand household land farm size;iii)develop farmer cooperative organizations;iv)invest more in agricultural infrastructure,specifically in major grain producing regions;and v)improve the agricultural environment and increase farming income. | SONG Chun-xiao LIU Rui-feng Les Oxley MA Heng-yun | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，6： | 6 |
| 4 | Factors that determine catastrophic expenditure for tuberculosis care: a patient survey in China显示文摘Background:Tuberculosis(TB)often causes catastrophic economic effects on both the individual suffering the disease and their households.A number of studies have analyzed patient and household expenditure on TB care,but there does not appear to be any that have assessed the incidence,intensity and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure(CHE)relating to TB care in China.That will be the objective of this paper.Methods:The data used for this study were derived from the baseline survey of the China Government–Gates Foundation TB Phase Ⅱ program.Our analysis included 747 TB cases.Catastrophic health expenditure for TB care was estimated using two approaches,with households defined as experiencing CHE if their annual expenditure on TB care:(a)exceeded 10%of total household income;and(b)exceeded 40%of their non-food expenditure(capacity to pay).Chi-square tests were used to identify associated factors and logistic regression analysis to identify the determinants of CHE.Results:The incidence of CHE was 66.8%using the household income measure and 54.7%using non-food expenditure(capacity to pay).An inverse association was observed between CHE rates and household income level.Significant determinants of CHE were:age,household size,employment status,health insurance status,patient income as a percentage of total household income,hospitalization and status as a minimum living security household.Factors including gender,marital status and type of TB case had no significant associations with CHE.Conclusions:Catastrophic health expenditure incidence from TB care is high in China.An integrated policy expanding the free treatment package and ensuring universal coverage,especially the height of UHC for TB patients,is needed.Financial and social protection interventions are essential for identified at-risk groups. | Chengchao Zhou Qian Long Jiaying Chen Li Xiang Qiang Li Shenglan Tang Fei Huang Qiang Sun Henry Lucas | 2016 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016，5，1： | 6 |
| 5 | What determines irrigation efficiency when farmers face extreme weather events? A field survey of the major wheat producing regions in China显示文摘Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers' economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters. | SONG Chun-xiao Les Oxley MA Heng-yun | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，8： | 4 |
| 6 | Impacts of anthropogenic and biophysical factors on ecological land using logistic regression and random forest:A case study in Mentougou District,Beijing,China显示文摘Ecological land is an important guarantee to maintain urban ecological security and sustainable development.Although increasing studies have been brought to ecological land,with few explorations of the relative importance of anthropogenic-natural factors and how they interact to induce the ecological land evolution.This research sought to fill this gap.In this study,18 factors,including the risk of goaf collapse,fault,prime croplands,were selected from six aspects of topography,geology,climate,accessibility,socio-economic and land control policies.logistic regression(LR)and random forest(RF)models were adopted to identify the anthropogenic and biophysical factors on the dynamic change of ecological land of Mentougou in Beijing from 1990 to 2018.The results show that there was a significant increase in ecological land from 1990 to 2018.The increased area of ecological land reached 102.11 km2 with an increased rate of 0.78,the gravity center of ecological land gradually moved to the northwest.The impact of anthropogenic factors on ecological land was greater than that of natural factors,ecological land was mainly driven by proportion of prime cropland,per capita GDP,land urbanization,temperature,per capita rural income,elevation and aspect factors.Additionally,slope and precipitation were also identified as important predictors for ecological land change.The model comparison suggested that RF can better identify the relationship between ecological land and explanatory variables than LR model.Based on our findings,the implementation of government policies along with anthropogenic factors are the most important variables influencing ecological land change,and the rational planning and allocation of ecological land by Mentougou government are still needed. | TIAN Chao CHENG Lin-lin YIN Ting-ting | 2022 | Journal of Mountain Science2022，19，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Determinants of loan repayment among agricultural microcredit finance group members in Delta state, Nigeria显示文摘Background:This study examined the determinants of loan repayment among microcredit finance group members in Delta State,Nigeria.Methods:To capture the determinants of loan repayment in the study area,a total of 48 microcredit groups and 300 microcredit group members were randomly selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique.The study data was collected by questionnaire.Statistical tools such as simple descriptive statistics(table,frequency,percentage and mean)and a multiple regression analysis were used to examine the data.Results:The results indicate that females form a greater proportion of the study area microcredit group members at 70%,moreover 73%of the respondents have a household size of between 6 to 10 persons.These findings revealed that the groups had a mean 8 years of existence with a mean membership size of 13 persons.Further,an average interest rate of 40 percent per annum was charged on loans,with mean loan duration of 6 months.The regression’s result demonstrated that the determinants of the group member’s loan repayment included the group member’s age,household size,house income,and educational level,the amount of credit received,length of stay in their locality,distance to the credit source,supervision and disbursement lag.Conclusion:Therefore it was suggested that the various agricultural microcredit finance groups should carefully examine the significant determinants of loan repayment for the approach’s viability and sustainability and for optimum repayment performance. | Solomon Enimu Emmanuel O.Eyo Eucharia A.Ajah | 2017 | Financial Innovation2017，3，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Recent innovation in benchmark rates (BMR):evidence from influential factors on Turkish Lira Overnight Reference Interest Rate with machine learning algorithms显示文摘Some countries have announced national benchmark rates,while others have been working on the recent trend in which the London Interbank Offered Rate will be retired at the end of 2021.Considering that Turkey announced the Turkish Lira Overnight Reference Interest Rate(TLREF),this study examines the determinants of TLREF.In this context,three global determinants,five country-level macroeconomic determinants,and the COVID-19 pandemic are considered by using daily data between December 28,2018,and December 31,2020,by performing machine learning algorithms and Ordinary Least Square.The empirical results show that(1)the most significant determinant is the amount of securities bought by Central Banks;(2)country-level macroeconomic factors have a higher impact whereas global factors are less important,and the pandemic does not have a significant effect;(3)Random Forest is the most accurate prediction model.Taking action by considering the study’s findings can help support economic growth by achieving low-level benchmark rates. | Öer Depren Mustafa Tevfik Kartal Serpil KılıçDepren | 2021 | Financial Innovation2021，7，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Geography of Talent in China During 2000-2015:An Eigenvector Spatial Filtering Negative Binomial Approach显示文摘The increase in China’s skilled labor force has drawn much attention from policymakers,national and international firms and media.Understanding how educated talent locates and re-locates across the country can guide future policy discussions of equality,firm localization and service allocation.Prior studies have tended to adopt a static cross-national approach providing valuable insights into the relative importance of economic and amenity differentials driving the distribution of talent in China.Yet,few adopt longitudinal analysis to examine the temporal dynamics in the stregnth of existing associations.Recently released official statistical data now enables space-time analysis of the geographic distribution of talent and its determinants in China.Using four-year city-level data from national population censuses and 1%population sample surveys conducted every five years between 2000 and 2015,we examine the spatial patterns of talent across Chinese cities and their underpinning drivers evolve over time.Results reveal that the spatial distribution of talent in China is persistently unequal and spatially concentrated between 2000 and 2015.It also shows gradually strengthened and significantly positive spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of talent.An eigenvector spatial filtering negative binomial panel is employed to model the spatial determinants of talent distribution.Results indicate the influences of both economic opportunities and urban amenities,particularly urban public services and greening rate,on the distribution of talent.These results highlight that urban economic-and amenity-related factors have simultaneously driven China’s talent’s settlement patterns over the first fifteen years of the 21st century. | GU Hengyu Francisco ROWE LIU Ye SHEN Tiyan | 2021 | Chinese Geographical Science2021，31，2： | 2 |
| 10 | Species richness patterns and the determinants of larch forests in China显示文摘Larch forests are important for species diversity,as well as soil and water conservation in mountain regions.In this study,we determined large-scale patterns of species richness in larch forests and identified the factors that drive these patterns.We found that larch forest species richness was high in southern China and low in northern China,and that patterns of species richness along an elevational gradient depend on larch forest type.In addition,we found that patterns of species richness in larch forests are best explained by contemporary climatic factors.Specifically,mean annual temperature and annual potential evapotranspiration were the most important factors for species richness of tree and shrub layers,while mean temperature of the coldest quarter and anomaly of annual precipitation from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present were the most important for that of herb layer and the whole community.Community structural factors,especially stand density,are also associated with the species richness of larch forests.Our findings that species richness in China's larch forests is mainly affected by energy availability and cold conditions support the ambient energy hypothesis and the freezing tolerance hypothesis. | Wen-Jing Fang Qiong Cai Qing Zhao Cheng-Jun Ji Jiang-Ling Zhu Zhi-Yao Tang Jing-Yun Fang | 2022 | Plant Diversity2022，44，5： | 1 |
| 11 | R-Matrix Realization of Two-Parameter Quantum Group Ur,s(gln)显示文摘We provide a Faddeev–Reshetikhin–Takhtajan’sRTT approach to the quantum group Fun(GLr,s(n))and the quantum enveloping algebra Ur,s(gln)corresponding to the two-parameter R-matrix.We prove that the quantum determinant detr,sT is a quasi-central element in Fun(GLr,s(n))generalizing earlier results of Dipper–Donkin and Du–Parshall–Wang.The explicit formulation provides an interpretation of the deforming parameters,and the quantized algebra Ur,s(R)is identified to Ur,s(gln)as the dual algebra.We then construct n−1 quasi-central elements in Ur,s(R)which are analogs of higher Casimir elements in Uq(gln). | Naihuan Jing Ming Liu | 2014 | Communications in Mathematics and Statistics2014，2，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Determinants of treatment completion among rural smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients:a cross-sectional survey conducted in south-western Uganda显示文摘Background:Treatment completion among tuberculosis patients remains low across various regions of Uganda,despite implementation of directly observed treatment short course.This study evaluated the determinants of treatment completion in a rural health sub-district of south western Uganda.Methods:In April 2012,health facility records were reviewed to identify tuberculosis patients who had been initiated on treatment between June 2008 and May 2011,in Rwampara Health Sub-District,south-western Uganda.Out of the 162 patients identified,128(79%)were traced and subsequently interviewed during a survey conducted in June 2012.Eleven(6.8%)of the 162 patients died,while 23(14.2%)could not be traced.A review of records showed that 17 of those that could not be traced completed treatment while the other six did not have definitive records.Results:Treatment completion among the 128 patients interviewed was 89.8%.Pre-treatment counselling(aOR=24.3,95%CI:1.4-26.6,P=0.03),counselling at the time of submission of sputum during follow up(aOR=6.8,95%CI:1.4-33.7,P=0.02),and refill of drugs on the exact appointment date(aOR=13.4,95%CI:1.9-93.0,P=0.01),were independently associated with treatment completion.Conclusions:The level of treatment completion was higher than the national average,with service-related determinants identified as being critical for ensuring treatment completion.These data provide further evidence for the need to provide ongoing counselling support to tuberculosis patients.Enhancing the opportunities for counselling of tuberculosis patients should therefore be rigorously promoted as an approach to increase treatment completion in rural settings. | Edgar Mugema Mulogo Christopher Nahabwe Fred Bagenda Vincent Batwala | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 1 |
| 13 | DETERMINANTS OF STRUCTURE IN AQUATIC NON-PELAGIC PROTOZOAN COMMUNITIES显示文摘Although microbes have traditionally been used as models for testing ecological theory, research on the organization of these communities has largely been isolated from other areas of community ecology. Early studies indicated that microbial populations can form dynamic, interacting assemblages. Observations of distributional patterns suggest that certain deterministic forces regulate community structure. It appears that protozoans are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions although evidence for this is largely based on gross environmental analyses. Laboratory studies have suggested the importance of negative and positive biotic interactions in determining community membership, but little field evidence for this exists. The importance of transport processes in controlling community composition is being increasingly recognized. All three types of processes likely act to regulate the colonization and successional dynamics of these communities. A simple model is presented to promote the | John Cairns Jr Paul V.McCormick | 1993 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology1993，11，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Economic development level and urban settlement intentions of the new-generation migrants in China: direct or interaction effect?显示文摘Based on a theoretical framework,this paper uses a multilevel model to examine the factors that correlate with the settlement intentions of China’s new-generation migrants.The level of regional economic development exerts not only random effects,but also an interaction effect with social integration on urban settlement intentions.Economic factors,including household income and home ownership,have a significant positive correlation with settlement intentions,while social char-acteristics such as social integration and social identification also have a positive correlation with the settlement intentions of new-generation migrants.Moreover,family migration strategies,parental migration experiences,short migration dis-tances,and long migration durations enhance urban settlement intentions.The set-tlement intentions exhibit significant inter-group differences between the migrants born in the 1980s and in the 1990s.Differences in the effects of the determinants are observed between these group samples and the total sample. | Yinan Sheng Shenghui Yang | 2020 | China Population and Development Studies2020，3，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Determinants of overweight and obesity and preventive strategies in Pacific countries: a systematic review显示文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore more on contributing factors and prevention of overweight and obesity among Pacific islanders.Methods:Using Cochrane library guideline,four electronic databases,PubMed,Embase,Scopus and CINAHL,were systematically searched from 2010 to 2020.Search strategy included key concepts,free text terms,and database-controlled vocabulary terms to identify articles on determinants and preventative strategies of overweight and obesity in the Pacific countries.A data extraction sheet was developed to extract relevant information required for analysis and theme development for this study.Results:A total of 22 articles were summarized and categorized.Determinants of overweight and obesity identified two themes:environmental related factors 13.6%(3/22)and sociocultural related factors 27.3%(6/22).The preventative strategies of overweight and obesity was categorized into behavioural change 22.7%(5/22),school-related 18.2%(4/22),and policies 50%(11/22).The quality assessment of articles showed“Good”68.2%(15/22),and“Fair”31.8%(7/22).Conclusion:This study highlighted two contributing,non-medication factors affecting overweight and obesity are both environmental and socio-cultural issues.Overweight and obesity preventative strategies identified in the Pacific context considered behavioural change,knowledge enhancement,and policy development.Further research should aim at exploring the current preventative strategies in-depth,to appreciate the most feasible and recommended preventative approach within the Pacific society. | Tanebu Julia Tong Masoud Mohammadnezhad Nasser Salem Alqahtani | 2022 | Global Health Journal2022，6，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Clinical study on prevalence and social determinants of postoperative infection at Kiziguro District Hospital, Rwanda显示文摘Background:Cesarean delivery is the commonest surgical procedure carried out worldwide in maternity.Cesarean delivery is accompanied by many complications among which surgical site infection is the most frequent.Surgical site infection is the second cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the postpartum period after postpartum haemorrhage.Social factors,such as health insurance,may have an impact on different maternal morbidities and quality of care for pregnant women attending health facilities.The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and factors associated with surgical site infection following caesarean delivery at Kiziguro District Hospital.Methods:It was the facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study.The sample size of 414 women was simply and randomly selected from 1001 women who underwent caesarean section from January 2018 to December 2018.Results:The prevalence of surgical site infection was 7.7%and its associated factors were the absence of health insurance and meconium-stained amniotic fluid.Women with health insurance were 99%(adjusted odds ratio:0.01,95%confidence interval:0.001–0.201)less likely to develop surgical site infections compared to women without health insurance,while women with clear amniotic fluid were 98.6%less likely to acquire surgical site infections(adjusted odds ratio:0.014,95%confidence interval:0.002–0.128)compared to women with meconiumstained amniotic fluid.Conclusion:surgical site infections prevalence among women delivered by cesarean section at Kiziguro District Hospital was found to be significant and women without health insurance and those with meconium-stained amniotic fluid are most vulnerable thus,infection and prevention control policymaker at the facility and national level are advised to assess at large all social barriers to health service accessibility and include them in their infection and prevention control policy.Kiziguro District Hospital is advised to take infection and prevention control precaution for women without health insurance and women with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. | Mbayire Vedaste Kagimbangabo Jean Marie Vianey Habtu Micheal Ngomi Nicholas Njau | 2020 | Life Research2020，3，3： | 0 |
| 17 | Cyclical mastalgia: Prevalence and associated determinants in Hamadan City, Iran显示文摘Objective: To assess prevalence of cyclical mastalgia and its main determinants in women who attended in health centers of Hamadan City, Iran.Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 400 women(case: cyclical mastalgia, n = 240; control: without cyclical mastalgia, n = 160) who attended family planning clinic for routine follow-up in health centers. The cluster sampling was used.Information was collected by interviewing and using a standardized validated questionnaire. Severity of mastalgia was assessed through using visual analog scaling. Data processing and statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS 19.0.Results: The results revealed that majority of women(60.0%) experienced cyclical mastalgia.Out of these, 22.5% and 37.5% were mild and moderate-to-severe mastalgia, respectively. No association was revealed in experience of depression and anxiety in mastalgia group. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the increasing age, age of marriage, history of abortion and history of premenstrual syndrome were main determinants of mastalgia, while use of oral contraceptive and regular exercise was associated with lower incidence of mastalgia.Conclusions: Most of women with breast discomfort suffered cyclical mastalgia which severity can be determined by advanced age, age of marriage, history of abortion and history of premenstrual syndrome, but inversely by oral contraceptive use and exercise activity. | Fatemeh Shobeiri Khodayar Oshvandi Mansour Nazari | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，3： | 0 |
| 18 | 关于健康社会决定因素研究的博士及博士后人才培养案例显示文摘全球特别是中低收入国家的健康及健康不公平问题日益严峻,这些国家缺乏健康社会决定因素研究能力,无法有效地参与国家和国际卫生政策的改革,实现健康公平。面对这一问题和挑战,中低收入国家亟需进行医学教育的创新和改革,培养一批从事健康社会决定因素研究的人才。在此背景下,'加强亚洲地区健康社会决定因素研究能力(Asian Regional Capacity Development for Research on Social Determinants of Health,ARCADE-RSDH)'应运而生。该项目通过国际化强强合作,应用混合教学模式,培养一批在健康社会决定因素研究领域学有所长的博士和博士后人才,以提高中低收入国家在健康社会决定因素领域的研究能力,力图解决当前的健康不公平问题。对该项目的研究背景、定位和实施、教学创新等方面作了简要概述。 | 吴茜 彭颖 占星新 严薇荣 | 2014 | 中国社会医学杂志2014，31，2： | 0 |
| 19 | Social determinants of type 2 diabetes and health in the United States显示文摘Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. To date, most research and resulting clinical strategies have focused on the individual with shortterm health improvements that have not been maintained over time. Researchers more recently have recognized the need to consider the social determinants of diabetes and health along with individual factors. The purpose of this literature review is to examine current understanding of the social determinants affecting diabetes and health. A search of medical and nursing literature was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases, selecting articles published between 2000 and 2013. Search terms included: type 2 diabetes, social determinants, and health determinants. Inclusion criteria were: English language, human studies, social determinants of diabetes and health, and research in the United States. Additional search methods included reference chaining of the literature. Twenty research articles met the inclusion criteria for the review and analysis and included quantitative and qualitative methods. All studies selected for this review were descriptive in nature(n = 20). Fifteen studies were quantitative studies and five were qualitative studies. No intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Each study is summarized and critiqued. Study findings indicate that external or upstream factors consistentlyaffect individuals diagnosed with diabetes, influencing self-management. Significant methodological limitations result directly from small sample sizes, convenience or nonprobability sampling, and low statistical power. | Myra L Clark Sharon W Utz | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，3： | 0 |
| 20 | Socio-economic determinants of underweight children in West Bengal,India显示文摘Objective:To study the extent of undernutrition at district level and the socio-economic determinants of underweight children aged 0-71 months in West Bengal.Methods:The data were accessed from the Reproductive and Child Health Survey(RCHS-II),which contained information of 7 SSO children and their parents.Information of socio-economic variables about the associated families of these children had also been taken for our study.This study computed weight-for-age z-scores to assess the nutritional status of the children using WHO(2006) reference.Results:The prevalence of underweight varied over the districts.Districts with very high prevalence of underweight children were Murshidabad,Burdwan,Purulia,Medinipur, Howrah and South 24 Parganas.High prevalent districts for both boys and girls were Jalpaiguri and Coochbihar.Low prevalent districts for both boys and girls were South Dinajpur,Nadia and Kolkata.The percentage of underweight children were more in rural areas among Muslim families with illiterate parents and low standard of living.In Murshidabad,Bankura,Nadia, Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts,i.e.,where prevalence of underweight children were higher,the rural and urban differences were less.The characteristics like religion,parents’ educational status and standard of living index showed significant effect on the children’s weights.Conclusions:Public intervention programs on the parent’s education and the standard of living of the households at district level should be given high priority to combat the children’s undernutrition problems so far as weight for age is concerned. | Bharati S Chakrabarty S Som S Pal M Bharati P | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，4： | 0 |
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