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| 1 | Application of deep eutectic solvents in biomass pretreatment and conversion显示文摘Biomass is renewable, abundant, cheap, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials and has been used to produce chemicals, materials,energy, and fuels. However, most of the biomass, especially most of the biomass polymers are not soluble in common solvents, which hinders their pretreatment and conversion. Deep eutectic solvents(DESs) are environmental-friendly, cheap, and highly tunable, with high solubility,which renders them potential applications in biomass pretreatment and conversion. They could be used as solvents or catalysts and so on. This paper intends to review the application of DESs for the pretreatment of biomass and conversion of biomass to value-added products. We focus on the following topics related to biomass and DESs:(1) DESs for the pretreatment of biomass;(2) DESs for the dissolution and separation of biomass or extraction of chemicals from biomass;(3) DESs for biomass conversion;(4) Drawbacks, and recyclability of DESs for pretreatment and conversion of biomass. | Yu Chen Tiancheng Mu | 2019 | Green Energy & Environment2019，4，2： | 15 |
| 2 | Effect of erbium on properties and microstructure of Al-Si eutectic alloy显示文摘Eutectic Al-12.6 wt.%Si alloys with various contents of the rare earth element Er were prepared by the conventional casting technique. The effect of Er on the microstructure and properties of the eutectic Al-Si alloys was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy as well as the friction and wear tests. It was found that the addition of Er obviously improved the anti-wear properties, and reduced the friction coefficient of the alloys. The appropriate addition of Er would change the size and shape of the eutectic silicon, and thereby refine the microstructure of the Al-Si alloys. The refinement mechanism was also discussed. | 邢鹏飞 高波 庄艳歆 刘凯华 涂赣峰 | 2010 | Journal of Rare Earths2010，28，6： | 10 |
| 3 | Rapid growth of ternary eutectic un der high undercooling conditions显示文摘Rapid solidification of bulk Ag42.4Cu21.6Sb36 ternary eutectic alloy is accomplished by glass fluxing method,during which the maximum undercooling attains 114 K (0.16 TE). Under high undercooling conditions,the ternary eutectic consists ofε (Ag3Sb),(Sb)and θ(Cu2Sb)phases,instead of (Ag),(Sb)and θphases as predicted by the phase diagram.In the sample of small undercooling,the alloy microstructure is characterized by the mixture of primary θ(Cu2Sb),(ε+θ) and (ε+Sb) pseudobinary eutectics,and regular (ε+θ+Sb) ternary eutectic.With the increase of undercooling, θ (Cu2Sb) primary phase and pseudobinary eutectics disappear gradually,and ternary eutectic transfers from regular to anomalous structure.When undercooling exceeds 102 K,anomalous (ε+θ+Sb) ternary eutectic is the unique microstructure.Competitive nucleation and growth of these three eutectic phases is the main cause for the formation of complex growth morphologies.Based on the current experiments and theoretical calculations,it can be concluded that the intermetallic compound phaseθ(Cu2Sb) is the leading nucleating phase. | RUAN Ying CAO Chongde WEI Bingbo | 2004 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2004，47，6： | 10 |
| 4 | NbMoTiVSi_(x) refractory high entropy alloys strengthened by forming BCC phase and silicide eutectic structure显示文摘In order to improve mechanical properties of refractory high entropy alloys,silicide was introduced and NbMoTiVSi_(x)(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,and 0.4,molar ratio) refractory high entropy alloys are prepared by vacuum arc melting.Phase composition,micro structure evolution and mechanical properties were systematically studied.Results show that the silicide phase is formed in the alloys with addition of silicon,and the volume fraction of silicide increases from 0 to 8.3 % with increasing of silicon.Microstructure observation shows that the morphology of dendrite changes from columnar to near equiaxed,eutectic structure is formed at grain boundaries and composed of secondary BCC phase and silicide phase.The average length of the primary and second dendrites decreases with the increasing of silicon.Whereas,the ratio of eutectic structure increases from 0 to 19.8 % with the increment of silicon.The refinement of microstructure is caused by heterogeneous nucleation from the silicide.Compressive tests show that the yield and ultimate strength of the alloys increases from 1141.5 MPa to 2093.1 MPa and from 1700.1 MPa to 2374.7 MPa with increasing silicon content.The fracture strain decreases from 24.7 %-11.0 %.Fracture mechanism is changed from ductile fracture to ductile and brittle mixed fracture.The improvement of the strength is caused by grain bounda ry strengthening,which includes more boundaries around primary BCC phase and eutectic structure in grain boundary,both of them is resulted from the formation of silicide. | Qin Xu Dezhi Chen Chongyang Tan Xiaoqin Bi Qi Wang Hongzhi Cui Shuyan Zhang Ruirun Chen | 2021 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2021，，1： | 9 |
| 5 | Preparation of Mg-Yb alloy film by electrolysis in the molten LiCl-KCl-YbCl_3 system at low temperature显示文摘The electrochemical behavior of Yb3+ and electrodeposition of Mg-Yb alloy film at solid magnesium cathode in the molten LiCl-KCl-YbCl3(2 wt.%) system at 773 K was investigated.Transient electrochemical techniques,such as cyclic voltammetry,chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry were used in order to explore the deposition mechanism of Yb.The reduction process of Yb3+ is stepwise reactions which are single-electron and double-electron reversible charge transfer reactions.The speed control step was a diffusion-controlled step which is caused by concentration polarization.The microstructures of Mg-Yb alloy film were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and EPMA area analysis.A very thin Mg2Yb alloy film(~200 nm) was formed by potentiostatic electrolysis at ?1.85 V(vs.Ag/AgCl) for 12 h.A much thicker Mg2Yb alloy film(~450 μm) was obtained at ?2.50 V(vs.Ag/AgCl) for 2.5 h.The corrosion resistance of magnesium can be enhanced by electrochemical formation of Mg-Yb alloy film on its surface. | 陈野 叶克 张密林 | 2010 | Journal of Rare Earths2010，28，1： | 8 |
| 6 | Rapid eutectic growth during free fall显示文摘Rapid eutectic growth of Sb-24%Cu alloy is realized in the drop tube during the free fall under the con-tainerless condition. Based on the analysis of crystal nuclea-tion and eutectic growth in the free fall condition, it is indicated that, with the increase of undercooling, microstruc-tural transition of Sb-24%Cu eutectic alloy proceeds from lamellar to anomalous eutectic structure. Undercoolings of 0 -154 K have been obtained in experiment. The maximum undercooling exceeds to 0.19TE. Calculated results exhibit that Cu2Sb compound is the primary nucleation phase, and that the primary Sb dendrite will grow more rapidly than the eutectic structure when undercooling is larger than 40 K. The eutectic coupled zone around Sb-24%Cu eutectic alloy leads strongly to the Cu-rich side and covers a composition range from 23.0% to 32.7%Sb. | Wenjing Yao Xiujun Han Bingbo Wei | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，15： | 7 |
| 7 | Influence of Cerium on Solidification Microstructure of M2 High Speed Steel显示文摘The influence of Ce on the solidification microstructures of M2 high speed steel was studied. The results show that Ce has the effect of alleviating the segregation of alloying elements such as W and Mo in high speed steel. With the addition of Ce, the amount of eutectic carbides is decreased and the flakes of the carbides are refined. Ce mainly segregates onto the interface between the eutectic carbide and austenite, and a part of Ce enters M 2C carbide. Ce can also enhance the breaking and spheroidizing of the net work eutectic carbides during high temperature heat treatment. | 李彦军 姜启川 赵宇光 何镇明 钟雪友 | 2000 | Journal of Rare Earths2000，18，2： | 7 |
| 8 | Ternary eutectic growth of Ag-Cu-Sb alloy within ultrasonic field显示文摘The liquid to solid transformation of ternary Ag42.4Cu21.6Sb36 eutectic alloy was ac- complished in an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 35 kHz, and the growth mechanism of this ternary eutectic was examined. Theoretical calculations predict that the sound intensity in the liquid phase at the solidification interface increases gradually as the interface moves up from the sample bottom to its top. The growth mode of (ε + θ + Sb) ternary eutectic exhibits a transition of 'divorced eutectic— mixture of anomalous and regular structures—regular eutectic' along the sample axis due to the inhomogeneity of sound field distribution. In the top zone with the highest sound intensity, the cavitation effect promotes the three eutectic phases to nucleate independently, while the acoustic streaming efficiently suppresses the coupled growth of eutectic phases. In the meantime, the ultrasonic field accelerates the solute transportation at the solid-liquid interface, which reduces the solute solubility of eutectic phases. | ZHAI Wei HONG ZhenYu WEI BingBo | 2007 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2007，50，4： | 6 |
| 9 | Growth morphology of Ni_3Si in high undercooled Ni-Si eutectic alloy | 惠增哲 杨根仓 周尧和 | 1997 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International1997，7，5： | 6 |
| 10 | Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of fuels in acidic deep eutectic solvents with [(C_6H_(13))_3P(C_(14)H_(29))]_3PMo_(12)O_(40) as a catalyst显示文摘Deep eutectic solvents(DESs) are a new class of green solvents analogous to ionic liquids due to their biodegradable capacity and low cost. However, the direct extractive desulfurization of diesel oil by DESs cannot meet the government's standard. In this work, amphiphilic polyoxometalates were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and mass spectrometry.The oxidative desulfurization results showed that benzothiophene(BT) could be completely removed by employing a [(C_6H_(13))_3P(C_(14)H_(29))]_3PMo_(12)O_(40), DES(ChCl/2 Ac) and H_2O_2 system. It was also found that the organic cation of catalysts played a positive role in oxidative desulfurization. The reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature and time, the amount of catalyst and DES and H_2O_2/S(O/S) molar ratio, were optimized. Different sulfides were tested to determine the desulfurization selectivity of the optimal reaction system, and it was found that 97.2% of dibenzothiophene(DBT) could be removed followed by 80.7% of 4-MDBT and 76.0% of 4,6-DMDBT. After reaction, the IR spectra showed that the catalyst [(C_6H_(13))_3P(C_(14)H_(29))]_3PMo_(12)O_(40) was stable during the reaction process and the oxidative product was dibenzothiophene sulfone(DBTO_2). Furthermore, the catalyst can be regenerated and recycled for four runs with little loss of activity. | Wei Jiang Hao Jia Zhanglong Zheng Linhua Zhu Lei Dong Wei Liu Wenshuai Zhu Huaming Li | 2018 | Petroleum Science2018，15，4： | 6 |
| 11 | New deep eutectic solvents composed of crown ether, hydroxide and polyethylene glycol for extraction of non-basic N-compounds显示文摘Here we firstly report a series of new deep eutectic solvents(DESs) induced by small amounts of crown ether complex and mainly formed by polyethylene glycol. These DESs not only presented the ultra-deep extraction of non-basic N-compounds from fuel oils, but also opened up the possibility of other new applications in chemistry and materials science. | Mohammad Chand Ali Ruirui Liu Jia Chen Tianpei Cai Haijuan Zhang Zhan Li Honglin Zhai Hongdeng Qiu | 2019 | Chinese Chemical Letters2019，30，4： | 5 |
| 12 | STUDY ON STRUCTURES OF Al-CuAl_2 EUTECTIC SOLIDIFIED UNDER ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING显示文摘An investigation on electromagnetically-stirred solidification of Al-CuAl2 eutectic system is presented in this paper. With electromagnetic stirring in solidification, structural transition from lamellar to rod-like eutectic has been found in the as-cast structures, and provided strong stirring is applied, proeutectic growth of α-Al phase is enhanced. Moreover, the interphase spacing of eutectic is clearly increased with melt flow intensified. Numerical computation of flow field is also presented, and the effect of stirring on structural formation is discussed. | W.Q. Zhang Q.M. Liu Y.F. Zhu Y.S. Yang and Z.Q. Hu(State Key Laboratory of RSA, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110015, China) | 1997 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1997，10，6： | 4 |
| 13 | Effect of Ce addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of A380 aluminum alloy prepared by squeeze-casting显示文摘The effect of cerium(Ce)addition on the eutectic Si,β-Al_5Fe Si phase,and the tensile properties of A380 alloy specimens prepared by squeeze-casting were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The experimental results showed that Ce more effectively modified the eutectic Si and refined theβ-Al_5Fe Si.The refinement effect significantly increased under a specific pressure of 100 MPa with the addition of Ce from 0.1wt%to 0.9wt%.In contrast,the average length and the aspect ratio of the eutectic Si andβ-Al_5Fe Si exhibited their optimal values when the content of the added Ce was greater than 0.5wt%.Needle-like Al_8Cu_4Ce was precipitated with the addition of excessive Ce;hence,the mechanical properties of A380 gradually decreased with increasing Ce content in the range from 0.3wt%to 0.9wt%. | Xiao-hui Ao Shu-ming Xing Bai-shui Yu Qing-you Han | 2018 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2018，25，5： | 4 |
| 14 | Ductile and ultrahigh-strength eutectic high-entropy alloys by large-volume 3D printing显示文摘1.Introduction Additive manufacturing or 3D printing outweighs conventional casting methods in the aspect of complex parts fabrication,which can realize one-step formation without the need of complicated cast dies.3D printing significantly promotes industrial production for making near-net shaped components.However,this promising technique is not always ideally applicable for metals and alloys.For example,titanium alloys prepared by 3D printing often suf-fer from poor plasticity,and usually require further complex heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing treatment,in order to remove internal stress and regulate plasticity and strength[1,2],which de-feats the original intention of employing additive manufacturing.One of the fundamental causes for such issues is the low fluidity of the alloys upon melting,leading to great chemical heterogeneity,high porosity content and residual stresses.This limitation hinders further design and fabrication of high-performance printable alloys from large scale production and application. | Yiping Lu Xiaoxiang Wu Zhenghong Fu Qiankun Yang Yong Zhang Qiming Liu Tianxin Li Yanzhong Tian Hua Tan Zhiming Li Tongmin Wang Tingju Li | 2022 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2022，，31： | 4 |
| 15 | The interaction and migration of deformation twin in an eutectic high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi2.1显示文摘An eutectic high-entropy alloy consisting Al, Co, Cr, Fe and Ni elements was prepared by vacuum directional solidification technology. The alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical performance during tension at temperature range of 600–700℃. The microstructure reveals the intersection of twintwin is the prevailing deformation mechanism and the twins play a dual role in strengthening and toughening the alloy in the thermomechanical process. The deformation twin variants I and were formed by the edge dislocation 112 and the mixed dislocation 211 on the {111} crystal planes, respectively. Besides, the dislocation jogs and kinks caused by twin intersection on the slip planes can strengthen the alloy, which may contribute to the high strength(the tensile strengths at the 600°and 700°tensile tests are respectively780 MPa and 630 MPa.). Moreover, the coherent twin boundary migration has the function of coordinating deformation and contributes to the high ductility of the alloy. | Yaoli Zhang Jinguo Li Xinguang Wang Yiping Lu Yizhou Zhou Xiaofeng Sun | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，5： | 4 |
| 16 | Effect of interface kinetics on the eutectic growth显示文摘The atom-attachment kinetics at the solid-liquid interface was incorporated into the eutectic growth theory. The dependence of kinetic undercooling on the structure of the eutectic phases was investigated. Due to the introduction of the kinetic effect, the coupled eutectic growth can proceed in a wider undercooling range, but the growth velocity decreases while the minimum eutectic lamellar spacing remains unchanged. The proportion of kinetic undercooling to the total undercooling is dependent not only on the growth velocity, but also on the phase diagram. Calculation indicated that the proportion decreases as the crystallization temperature range of single eutectic phase at the eutectic composition enlarges. | LI Jinfu ZHOU Yaohe | 2005 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2005，48，4： | 4 |
| 17 | Quantum effect of the superplasticity in Zn-5Al alloy | 李世春 | 1999 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International1999，9，9： | 4 |
| 18 | Recalescence behavior and solidification structure of the undercooled Fe_(82)B_(17)Si_1 eutectic alloy | 张振忠 宋广生 杨根仓 周尧和 | 2000 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2000，10，5： | 4 |
| 19 | Solidification behavior,microstructure and silicon twinning of Al-10Si alloys with ytterbium addition显示文摘The solidification behavior, micro structure and silicon twinning of Al-10 Si alloys with Yb addition were investigated by thermal analysis, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction. scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the nucleation temperature, minimum temperature, and growth temperature of Al-lOSi alloys decrease with increasing Yb content. The cooling curves of the Yb-modified alloys exhibit marked recalescence. The recalescence of the modified alloy peaks at 2.3 ℃ when the Yb content is 0.7 wt%. The 3 D morphologies of eutectic Si in Yb-modified alloys change from a coarse plate-like structure to a honeycomb structure with many fine fibrous structures.The Al-Si-Yb intermetallic compound is observed in the 1.0 wt% Yb-modified alloy. Meanwhile, XRD analysis and TEM results indicate that the average twin spacing in the Yb-modified alloys is 18-46.2 nm.The average twin spacing of eutectic Si decreases with increasing Yb content. When the Yb content in the modified alloy is increased to 0.7 wt%, the average twin spacing value of eutectic Si reaches to 18 nm,which promotes the formation of twins and refinement of eutectic Si. | Zhi Hu Zhou Dong Zheng Yin Hong Yan Jian Tian Hecong Xie | 2018 | Journal of Rare Earths2018，36，6： | 3 |
| 20 | Effects of electrode configuration on electroslag remelting process of M2 high-speed steel ingot显示文摘The electrode configuration determines the thermophysical field during the electroslag remelting(ESR) process and affects the final microstructure of the ingot. In this work, ingot with a diameter of 400 mm was prepared with two electrode configuration modes of single power ESR process, namely one electrode(OE) and two series-connected electrodes(TSCE). Finite element simulation was employed to calculate the electromagnetic field, flow field and temperature field of the ESR system. The results show that the temperature of the slag pool and the metal pool of the TSCE process is lower and more uniform than that of the OE process.The calculated temperature distribution of the ingot could be indirectly verified from the shape of the metal pool by the experiment. The experimental results show that the depth of the metal pool in the OE ingot is about 160 mm, while the depth of the TSCE ingot is nearly 40 mm shallower than that of the OE ingot. Microstructural comparisons indicate that coarse eutectic carbides are formed in the center of the OE ingot, whereas more even eutectic carbides appear in the center of the TSCE ingot. In general, compared with the OE process, the TSCE process is preferred to remelt high speed steel ingots. | Fu-xing Yin Yu Liang Zhi-xia Xiao Jian-hang Feng Zhi-bin Xie Yong-wang Mi | 2019 | China Foundry2019，16，2： | 3 |
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