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| 1 | The first offshore natural gas hydrate production test in South China Sea显示文摘Natural gas hydrates (NGH)is one of key future clean energy resources.Its industrialized development will help remit the huge demand of global natural gas,relieve the increasing pressure of the environment, and play a vital role in the green sustainable growth of human societies.Based on nearly two decades' studying on the reservoir characteristics in the South China Sea (SCS)and the knowledge of reservoir system,the China Geological Survey (CGS)conducted the first production test on an optimal target selected in Shenhu area SCS in 2017.Guided by the 'three-phase control'exploitation theory which focused on formation stabilization,technologies such as formation fluid extraction,well drilling and completing, reservoir stimulating,sand controlling,environmental monitoring,monitoring and preventing of secondary formation of hydrates were applied.The test lasted for 60 days from May 10^th when starting to pump, drop pressure and ignite to well killing on July 9^th,with gas production of 3.09×10^5 m^3 in total,which is a world record with the longest continuous duration of gas production and maximal gas yield.This successful test brings a significant breakthrough on safety control of NGH production. | Jin-fa Li Jian-liang Ye Xu-wen Qin Hai-jun Qiu Neng-you Wu Hai-long Lu Wen-wei Xie Jing-an Lu Fei Peng Zhen-qiang Xu Cheng Lu Zeng-gui Kuang Jian-gong Wei Qian-yong Liang Hong-feng Lu Bei-bei Kou | 2018 | China Geology2018，1，1： | 117 |
| 2 | Fluxes of CO_2, N_2O and CH_4 from a typical temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia and its daily variation显示文摘Using a dark enclosed chamber technique, the fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 from nature and disturbed grassland were measured on the spot in Inner Mongolian Temperate Grassland along the annual rainfall gradient section ranging from 450 to 200 mm. The results showed that the measured mean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4were (1 180.4 ±308.7), (0.010 ± 0.004) and (-0.039 ± 0.016) mg · m-2/h, respectively. The decrease of the fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 follows with that of annual rainfall gradient in the measurement area. Human activities, such as grazing and reclamation are also critical factors to affect the fluxes of these gases from grassland. Daily continuous measurement of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes showed a strong diurnal variation with higher emission in the daytime. A good relationship between the fluxes of CO2, N2O, CH4 and temperature was exposed in this study. | DONG Yunshe, ZHANG Shen, Ql Yuchun, CHEN Zuozhong & GENG Yuanbo1. Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China:2, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Correspondence should be addressed to Dong Yunshe | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，17： | 66 |
| 3 | 电针刺大鼠足三里穴对LESP血浆胃泌素和胃动素的影响显示文摘目的:观察电针刺足三里穴对大鼠下食管括约肌压力(LESP)的影响以及与血浆胃泌素(GAS)和胃动素(MTL)的关系.方法:将Wistar大鼠40只随机分成5组:对照组、非经非络穴组、足三里穴组、阿托品组和阿托品+足三里穴组.应用三通道微细注水式测压管和荷兰UPS-2020型食管测压系统测定大鼠LESP,同时放免法测定血浆GAS和MTL的水平.结果:电针刺大鼠足三里穴和非经非络穴及电针刺停止后,LESP均有明显升高[升高率:62.7±27.0%,131.0±36.4%(0-20 min),122.6±25.9%(21-40 min),P<0.01],足三里穴组LESP升高明显大于非经非络穴组(2.34±0.69 kPa vs 1.94±0.35 kPa,3.308±0.88 kPa vs2.30±0.36 kPa,3.17±0.69 kPA vs 2.22±0.40 kPa,P<0.01).大鼠阿托品ip后LESP明显下降(P<0.01);在电针刺期间及电针刺后LESP升至正常,升高率明显低于足三里穴组(P<0.01).电针刺大鼠足三里穴后血浆GAS,MTL水平与对照组相比明显升高(P<0.01);非经非络穴组升高不明显(P1=0.492,P2=0.104);阿托品+足三里穴组GAS和MTL比阿托品组明显升高(P1<0.01、P2<0.05);GAS和MTL变化与LESP呈明显正相关(r1=0.664、r2=0.703,P<0.01).结论:电针刺对LESP的调控作用具有一定的经络和穴位特异性;胆碱能M受体阻断可部分减弱电针刺足三里的作用,电针刺可以使胆碱能神经阻断大鼠降低的LESP恢复至正常;胃泌素和胃动素可能参与了电针刺对LESP的调控作用. | 牟向东 谢鹏雁 刘建湘 帅晓玮 李江 | 2005 | 世界华人消化杂志2005，13，9： | 46 |
| 4 | 顶空固相微萃取气质联用检测鸭肉挥发性风味成分显示文摘采用顶空固相微萃取气质联用(Headspacesolidphasemicroextractioncombinedwithgaschromatgraphymassspectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析检测了生鸭肉、烘烤鸭肉、水煮鸭脯肉和鸭腿肉的挥发性香气成分。共检测到55种风味化合物,其中烃类10种、酮类8种、醇类8种、醛类12种、酸类5种、酯类2种、含硫含氮及杂环化合物10种。 | 刘源 周光宏 徐幸莲 刘扬岷 王利平 袁身淑 | 2005 | 江苏农业学报2005，21，2： | 39 |
| 5 | Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded显示文摘As power to gas(P2 G) technology gradually matures, the coupling between electricity networks and natural gas networks should ideally evolve synergistically.With the intent of characterizing market behaviors of integrated electric power and natural gas networks(IPGNs)with P2 G facilities, this paper establishes a steady-state model of P2 G and constructs optimal dispatch models of an electricity network and a natural gas network separately. In addition, a concept of slack energy flow(SEF) is proposed as a tool for coordinated optimal dispatch between the two networks. To study how the market pricing mechanism affects coordinated optimal dispatch in an IPGN, a market equilibrium-solving model for an IPGN is constructed according to game theory, with a solution based on the Nikaido-Isoda function. Case studies are conducted on a joint model that combines the modified IEEE 118-node electricity network and the Belgian 20-node gas network.The results show that if the game between an electric power company and a natural gas company reaches market equilibrium, not only can both companies maximize their profits, but also the coordinated operation of the coupling units, i.e., gas turbines and P2 G facilities, will contribute more to renewable energy utilization and carbon emission reduction. | Zexing CHEN Yongjun ZHANG Tianyao JI Zexiang CAI Licheng LI Zhiheng XU | 2018 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2018，6，3： | 37 |
| 6 | Hydrocarbon sources and stages of reservoir formation in Kuqa depression, Tarim Basin显示文摘Kuqa depression bears not only plenty ofnatural gas, but also a large amount of condensate and smallquantity of crude oil. Based on the geochemical correlationbetween the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial hydrocarbonsource rock, this paper confirms that the natural gas in Kuqadepression belongs to coal-type gas and the main gas sourcerock is attributed to the middle to lower Jurassic coal seriesformation, while the main oil source rock is the upper Tri-assic lacustrine mudstone. The authors indicated that Kuqadepression was slowly subsided in Mesozoic, but rapidlywent down in Late Tertiary, which made the Jurassic andTriassic source rock suddenly deep-buried and rapidlyevolved to high and over-mature phase since 5 Ma. TheTriassic source rock is postponed to the Early Miocene dur-ing 23-12 Ma when entering the oil-generating peak, whilethe Jurassic is suspended to the latest 5 Ma, especially since2.5 Ma to the dry gas-generating period, which is one of thecharacteristics of the source rock thermal evolution in Kuqadepression. This paper presents a two-stage trapping andlate gas trapping model in Kuqa depression whose charac-teristics are: The main oil and gas reservoirs have differentsources. The oil reservoir is formed early while the gas res-ervoir is formed lately. During the early stage, it, mainly asoil, takes long distance lateral migration, while in the laterstage, it, mainly as gas, takes the vertical migration and alsohas lateral migration. The trap formed in different time onthe south and north sides of the depression and evolved intoa distributional pattern with oil in the south part and gas inthe north, also oil on the outer ring and gas on the inner ring.This paper points out that the late trapping of the naturalgas in Kuqa depression is favorable for the preservation oflarge gas fields. | LIANG Digang ZHANG Shuichang ZHAO Mengjun WANG Feiyu | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，S1： | 34 |
| 7 | 我国部分地区儿童A组链球菌耐药性的研究显示文摘目的探讨我国部分地区学龄儿童A组溶血性链球菌(GAS)对抗生素耐药的流行状况。方法采用VITEK自动微生物鉴定系统,测试376株从9~1岁学龄儿童咽部分离出的GAS,吉林97株、湖北84株、四川81株、广州农村62株、广州城市52株。结果四省总耐药率67.3%,主要耐药依次为四环素65.7%、红霉素43.3%、氯林可霉素34.0%、氯霉素6.9%、氨苄青霉素0.5%,未发现对青霉素、头孢噻吩、喹诺酮类药物耐药的菌株。不同地区间耐药率存在差异(P<0.005),吉林最高达94.8%,依次为广州农村83.8%、重庆58.0%、湖北50.0%、广州城市38.5%。结论目前治疗GAS感染和风湿热一、二级预防不宜使用红霉素和氯林可霉素;GAS感染仍首选青霉素。 | 董太明 苏健 黄震东 魏惠永 陈运贞 徐丽华 胡虞志 陈剑光 吴红穗 陈志红 罗健 饶栩栩 | 1999 | 中华儿科杂志1999，37，1： | 32 |
| 8 | Unconventional Natural Gas Accumulations in Stacked Deposits:A Discussion of Upper Paleozoic Coal-Bearing Strata in the East Margin of the Ordos Basin, China显示文摘The Upper Paleozoic(Carboniferous to Permian) succession in the east margin of the Ordos Basin in the North China Craton has a potential to contain significant hydrocarbon resources, though attention have been mainly attracted for its successful development of coalbed methane(CBM). To improve the previous resource estimates and evaluate the hydrocarbon play possibilities, this study incorporated new discoveries of hydrocarbon units and their stratigraphic relation with source rocks, hydrocarbon migration and trapping configurations. Continuous hydrocarbon accumulation units were identified within the Upper Paleozoic, including the Taiyuan, Shanxi and Xiashihezi formations with great tight gas potential, and the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations also containing shale gas and CBM. Different strata combinations are identified with coal deposition and favour for continuous gas accumulations, including the tidal flat, deltaic and fluvial systems distributed in most of the study areas. Methane was not only generated from the thick coal seams in the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations, but also from shale and dark mudstones. The coal, shale and tight sandstones are proved of remarkable gas content and hydrocarbon indications, and the gas saturation of tight sandstones decreases upward. The stacked deposit combinations vary isochronally in different areas, while the coal seams were developed stably showing good gas sources. Two key stages control the hydrocarbon enrichment, the continuous subsidence from coal forming to Late Triassic and the anomalous paleo-geothermal event happened in Early Cretaceous, as indicated by the fluid inclusions evidence. Extensive areas show good hydrocarbon development potential presently, and more works should be focused on the evaluation and selection of good reservoir combinations. | LI Yong YANG Jianghao PAN Zhejun MENG Shangzhi WANG Kai NIU Xinlei | 2019 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2019，93，1： | 32 |
| 9 | New Trends in Olefin Production显示文摘Most olefins (e.g., ethylene and propylene) will continue to be produced through steam cracking (SC) ofhydrocarbons in the coming decade. In an uncertain commodity market, the chemical industry is investingvery little in alternative technologies and feedstocks because of their current lack of economic viability,despite decreasing crude oil reserves and the recognition of global warming. In this perspective, some of themost promising alternatives are compared with the conventional SC process, and the major bottlenecks ofeach of the competing processes are highlighted. These technologies emerge especially from the abundanceof cheap propane, ethane, and methane from shale gas and stranded gas. From an economic point of view,methane is an interesting starting material, if chemicals can be produced from it. The huge availability ofcrude oil and the expected substantial decline in the demand for fuels imply that the future for proventechnologies such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FFS) or methanol to gasoline is not bright. The abundance ofcheap ethane and the large availability of crude oil, on the other hand, have caused the SC industry to shiftto these two extremes, making room for the on-purpose production of light olefins, such as by the catalyticdehydrogenation of orooane. | Ismael Amghizar Laurien A. Vandewalle Kevin M. Van Geem Guy B. Matin | 2017 | Engineering2017，3，2： | 33 |
| 10 | 花色形成与花生长的调控显示文摘结合笔者的研究结果 ,对光、糖和 GAs在花生长及花色形成中的作用和可能的调节机制进行了综述 .光通过光受体介导的高辐照度反应 HIR 和光合作用调控花生长及花色素苷合成 ;糖作为碳源和渗透调节因子 ,影响花瓣细胞的生长及花色素苷积累 ,依赖己糖激酶的信号途径可能在糖的调控中起作用 ; | 王小菁 孟祥春 彭建宗 | 2003 | 西北植物学报2003，23，7： | 31 |
| 11 | Correlation between expression of gastrin, somatostatin and cell apoptosis regulation gene bcl-2/bax in large intestine carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To explore the correlation between expression of somatostatin (SS), gastrin (GAS) and cell apoptosis regulation gene bcl-2/bax in large intestine carcinoma.METHODS: Sixty-two large intestine cancer tissue samples were randomly and retrospectively selected from patients with large intestine carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for bcl-2, bax, GAS, SS was performed according to the standard streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase (S-P) method.According to the semi-quantitative integral evaluation, SS and GAS were divided into three groups as follows. Scores1-3 were defined as the low expression group, 4-8 as the intermediate expression group, 9-16 as the high expression group. Bax and bcl-2 protein expressions in different GAS and SS expression groups of large intestine carcinoma were assessed.RESULTS: The positive expression rate of bax had a prominent difference between SS and GAS high, intermediate and low expression groups (P<0.05, x2ss = 9.246; P<0.05,x2GAS = 6.981). The positive expression rate of bax in SS high (80.0%, 8/10) and intermediate (76.5%, 13/17)expression groups was higher than that in low expression group (40.0%, 14/35) (P<0.05, x2high vs low = 5.242; P<0.05,x2middle vs low = 6.097). The positive expression rate of bax in GAS high expression group (27.3%, 3/8) was lower than that in low expression group (69.4%, 25/36) (P<0.05,x2 = 4.594). However, bax expression in GAS intermediate expression group (46.7%, 7/15) was lower than that in low expression group, but not statistically significant. The positive expression rate of bcl-2 had a prominent difference between SS and GAS high, intermediate and low expression groups (P<0.05, x2ss = 7.178; P<0.05, x2GAS = 13.831). The positive expression rate of bcl-2 in GAS high (90.9%, 10/11)and intermediate (86.7%, 13/15) expression groups was higher than that in low expression group (44.4%, 16/36)(P<0.05,x2high vs low = 5.600; P<0.05, x2 middle vs low = 7.695).However, the positive expression rate of bcl-2 in SS high (40.0%, 4/10) and intermediate (47.1%, 8/9) expression groups was lower than that in low expression group (77.1%, 27/35)(P<0.05, x2 high vs low = 4.710; P<0.05, x2 middle vs low = 4.706).There was a significant positive correlation between the integral ratio of GAS to SS and the integral of bcl-2 (P<0.01,r=0.340). However, there was a negative correlation between the integral ratio of GAS to the SS and bax the integral of (P<0.05, r = -0.299).CONCLUSION: The regulation and control of gastrin,somatostatin in cell apoptosis of large intestine carcinoma may be directly related to the abnormal expression of bcl-2, bax. | Jia-DingMao PeiWu Xiang-HouXia Ji-QunHu Wen-BinHuang Guo-QiangXu | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，5： | 27 |
| 12 | Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of sintering flue gas via composite absorbent显示文摘Experiments on simultaneous absorption of SO_2 and NO_X from sintering flue gas via a composite absorbent NaClO_2/NaClO were carried out. The effects of various operating parameters such as NaClO_2 concentration(ms), NaClO concentration(mp), molar ratio of NaClO_2/NaClO(M), solution temperature(TR), initial solution pH, gas flow(Vg) and inlet concentration of SO_2(CS) and NO(CN) on the removal efficiencies of SO_2 and NO were discussed. The optimal experimental conditions were determined to be initial solution pH = 6, TR=55 °C and M = 1.3 under which the average efficiencies of desulfurization and denitrification could reach99.7% and 90.8%, respectively. Moreover, according to the analysis of reaction products, it was found that adding NaClO to NaClO_2 aqueous solution is favorable for the generation of ClO_2 and Cl_2 which have significant effect on desulfurization and denitrification. Finally, engineering experiments were performed and obtained good results demonstrating that this method is practicable and promising. | Jie Wang Wenqi Zhong | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2016，24，8： | 27 |
| 13 | 常用苦寒药对大鼠胃肠激素影响的研究显示文摘目的研究传统认为有伤胃作用的9味苦寒药黄连、山豆根、黄柏、黄芩、栀子、苦参、大黄、汉防己、龙胆草对大鼠胃肠激素的影响。方法将9味药物分别给大鼠连续灌胃10d后,用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测胃与血中胃动素(motilin,MTL)、胃泌素(gastrin,GAS)、前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)的含量。结果与空白组比较,9味苦寒药对胃黏膜MTL、血与胃黏膜PGE2均有降低趋势;对血中GAS影响为苦参、栀子、龙胆使其显著增加(P<0.05),而大黄、黄芩使其显著降低(P<0.05)。结论9味苦寒药超临床用量使用,对大鼠MTL、GAS、PGE2均有不同程度的影响,能使胃与血中PGE2下降,并能显著降低胃黏膜MTL。 | 李飞艳 邱赛红 尹健康 孙必强 蔡颖 | 2007 | 湖南中医药大学学报2007，27，1： | 25 |
| 14 | 固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定水中9种药品及个人护理用品显示文摘采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了水体中9种药品及个人护理用品(水杨酸、萘普生、布洛芬、对乙酰氨基酚、降固醇酸、三氯生、双氯酚酸、酮洛芬和双酚 A)的定量分析方法。水样品经稀盐酸调节至 pH =3后,采用 Oasis HLB 固相萃取小柱进行富集净化;选用三甲基氢氧化硫( TMSH)为衍生化试剂,在常温条件下对目标物进行快速甲基化;以气相色谱-质谱法选择离子监测模式(GC-MS-SIM)进行检测,由2,4,5-涕丙酸为内标进行定量分析。本实验分别对固相萃取和衍生化等前处理条件进行了系统的研究。在优化的实验条件下,方法的回收率为50.7~115.4%,相对标准偏差均不高于10%,检出限为0.03~0.30μg / L,定量限为0.15~1.50μg / L。利用该方法对东莞市某农田灌溉水进行了分析,4种目标物在样品中有检出,最大质量浓度范围为0.176~0.998μg / L。结果表明该方法操作简便,灵敏可靠。 | 贾妍艳 谭建华 徐晨 汤嘉骏 王赢利 解启来 | 2014 | 色谱2014，32，3： | 25 |
| 15 | 醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿肺炎继发腹泻的临床疗效及其对GAS、MOT、SS的调节作用显示文摘目的:探讨醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿肺炎继发腹泻的临床疗效及其对GAS、MOT、SS的调节作用。方法:将70例小儿肺炎继发腹泻患者按照奇偶数字法随机地均分为对照组与观察组,每组患儿数均为35例。对照组采用双歧三联活菌片治疗,观察组在此基础上采用醒脾养儿颗粒治疗。比较两组临床疗效、临床症状及治愈时间、治疗前后血清GAS、MOT及SS水平变化、治疗后生活质量。结果:(1)对照组临床治疗总有效率为71.43%,显著低于观察组(91.43%)(P<0.05);(2)观察组腹泻改善时间、呕吐改善时间、退热时间及治愈时间均显著小于对照组(P<0.05);(3)两组治疗前后GAS、MOT及SS水平差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且两组治疗后上述指标水平差异也均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(4)根据SF-36生活质量评价标准,观察组治疗后生活质量得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿肺炎继发腹泻的临床疗效显著,生活质量显著改善,对胃肠激素水平具有积极的调节作用,应在临床上加以推广及应用。 | 李文良 | 2015 | 中华中医药学刊2015，33，2： | 26 |
| 16 | A comprehensive review of Energy Internet: basic concept,operation and planning methods, and research prospects显示文摘With the intensifying energy crisis and environmental pollution, the Energy Internet and corresponding patterns of energy use have been attracting more and more attention. In this paper, the basic concept and characteristics of the Energy Internet are summarized, and its basic structural framework is analyzed in detail. On this basis,couplings between the electric power system and other systems such as the cooling and heating system, the natural gas system, and the traffic system are analyzed, and the operation and planning of integrated energy systems in both deterministic and uncertain environments are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the research prospects and main technical challenges of the Energy Internet are discussed. | Yijia CAO Qiang LI Yi TAN Yong LI Yuanyang CHEN Xia SHAO Yao ZOU | 2018 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2018，6，3： | 25 |
| 17 | Possible link between long-term and short-term water injections and earthquakes in salt mine and shale gas site in Changning,south Sichuan Basin, China显示文摘Late at night on 17 June 2019,a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Shuanghe Town and its surrounding area in Changning County,Sichuan,China,becoming the largest earthquake recorded within the southern Sichuan Basin.A series of earthquakes with magnitudes up to 5.6 occurred during a short period after the mainshock,and we thus refer to these earthquakes as the Changning M6 earthquake sequence(or swarm).The mainshock was located very close to a salt mine,into which for^3 decades fresh water had been extensively injected through several wells at a depth of 2.7–3 km.It was also near(within^15 km)the epicenter of the 18 December 2018 M5.7 Xingwen earthquake,which is thought to have been induced by shale gas hydraulic fracturing(HF),prompting questions about the possible involvement of industrial activities in the M6 sequence.Following previous studies,this paper focuses on the relationship between injection and seismicity in the Shuanghe salt field and its adjacent Shangluo shale gas block.Except for a period of serious water loss after the start of cross-well injection in 2005–2006,the frequency of earthquakes shows a slightly increasing tendency.Overall,there is a good correlation between the event rate in the Shuanghe area and the loss of injected water.More than 400 M≥3 earthquakes,including 40 M≥4 and 5 M≥5 events,had been observed by the end of August 2019.Meanwhile,in the Shangluo area,seismicity has increased during drilling and HF operations(mostly in vertical wells)since about 2009,and dramatically since the end of 2014,coincident with the start of systematic HF in the area.The event rate shows a progressively increasing background with some fluctuations,paralleling the increase in HF operations.More than 700 M≥3 earthquakes,including 10 M≥4 and 3 M≥5 in spatially and temporally clustered seismic events,are correlated closely with active fracturing platforms.Well-resolved centroid moment tensor results for M≥4 earthquakes were shown to occur at very shallow depths around shale formations with active HF,in agreement with some of the clusters,which occurred within the coverage area of temporary or new permanent monitoring stations and thus have been precisely located.After the Xingwen M5.7 earthquake,seismic activity in the salt well area increased significantly.The Xingwen earthquake may have created a unidirectional rupture to the NNW,with an end point close to the NW-trending fault of the Shuanghe earthquake.Thus,a fault in the Changning anticline might have terminated the fault rupture of the Xingwen earthquake,possibly giving the Xingwen earthquake a role in promoting the Changning M6 event. | XingLin Lei ZhiWei Wang JinRong Su | 2019 | Earth and Planetary Physics2019，3，6： | 24 |
| 18 | Geologic characteristics, controlling factors and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of China’s Large Gas Provinces of low porosity and permeability显示文摘Based on the analysis of the geological characteristics and controlling factors, we analyzed the formation mechanism of different types of gas reservoirs. The main characteristics of gas provinces with low porosity and permeability are mainly as follows: large area, low abundance, small gas pools and large gas provinces; widely distributed excellent hydrocarbon source rocks with closely contacted source-reservoir-cap association; development mainly in large continental depressions or in paralic shallow-river delta systems; many kinds of traps coexisting in large areas, dominantly para-layered lithologic, digenetic and capillary pressure traps; double fluid flow mechanisms of Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow; complicated gas and water relations; and having the resource distribution of highly productive 'sweet spots', banding concentration, and macroscopically large areas integrated. The main controlling factors of large sandstone gas provinces with low porosity and permeability are stable dynamic backgrounds and gentle structural frameworks which control the extensive distribution of alternate (interbedded) sandstones and mudstones; weak hydropower of large gentle lake basins controlling the formation of discontinuous, low porosity and permeability reservoirs in shallow-water deltas; regionally differential diagenesis and no homogeneous digenetic facies controlling the development of favorable reservoirs and digenetic traps; and weak and dispersive reservoir-forming dynamic forces leading to the widely distributed small traps with low abundance. Low porosity and permeability gas provinces with different trap types have different formation mechanisms which include fluid diversion pressure difference interactive mechanism of lithologic-trap gas accumulations, separated differential collection mechanism of digenetic-trap gas accumulations, and the Non-Darcy flow mechanism of capillary-pressure gas accumulations. | ZOU CaiNeng TAO ShiZhen ZHANG XiangXiang HE DongBo ZHOU ChuanMin GAO XiaoHui | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，8： | 22 |
| 19 | Research on the mechanics of underwater supersonic gas jets显示文摘An experimental research was carried out to study the fluid mechanics of underwater supersonic gas jets. High pressure air was injected into a water tank through converging-diverging nozzles (Laval nozzles). The jets were operated at different conditions of over-, full- and under-expansions. The jet sequences were visualized using a CCD camera. It was found that the injection of supersonic air jets into water is always accompanied by strong flow oscillation, which is related to the phenomenon of shock waves feedback in the gas phase. The shock wave feedback is different from the acoustic feedback when a supersonic gas jet discharges into open air, which causes screech tone. It is a process that the shock waves enclosed in the gas pocket induce a periodic pressure with large amplitude variation in the gas jet. Consequently, the periodic pressure causes the jet oscillation including the large amplitude expansion. Detailed pressure measurements were also conducted to verify the shock wave feedback phenomenon. Three kinds of measuring methods were used, i.e., pressure probe submerged in water, pressure measurements from the side and front walls of the nozzle devices respectively. The results measured by these methods are in a good agreement. They show that every oscillation of the jets causes a sudden increase of pressure and the average frequency of the shock wave feedback is about 5–10 Hz. | SHI HongHui1, WANG BoYi2 & DAI ZhenQing2 1 College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，3： | 22 |
| 20 | 复方乌贝方治疗慢性浅表性胃炎的疗效及对胃镜像指标、血清EGF、GAS、SS和Hp阴转率的影响显示文摘目的:观察复方乌贝方治疗慢性浅表性胃炎的疗效及对胃镜像指标、血清胃泌素(GAS)、生长抑素(SS)及表皮生长因子(EGF)和幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阴转率的影响。方法:随机将88例慢性浅表性胃炎患者分为西医组(n=44)和乌贝方组(n=44),西医组给予雷贝拉唑钠肠溶胶囊治疗,乌贝方组在西医组治疗基础上给予复方乌贝方治疗,观察两组疗效。结果:两组患者治疗后的症状积分较治疗前有明显下降趋势(P<0. 05),其中乌贝方组下降趋势较对照西医组更明显(P<0. 05);乌贝方组和西医组的临床总有效率分别为97. 73%和84. 09%(P<0. 05);两组患者水肿、粘液增多、充血糜烂及胃液反流情况较治疗前有明显改善(P<0. 05),乌贝方组改善效果较西医组更显著(P<0. 05);两组患者治疗后的血清GAS水平较西医组更低(P<0. 05),血清SS及EGF水平较西医组更高(P<0. 05),乌贝方组改善幅度较西医组更明显(P<0. 05);乌贝方组和西医组的Hp转阴率分别为81. 82%和61. 36%(P<0. 05),不良反应总发生率分别为2. 27%和15. 91%(P<0. 05),复发率分别为0. 00%和13. 64%(P<0. 05)。结论:复方乌贝方用于慢性浅表性胃炎辅助治疗,效显著,可有效改善患者相关症状,调节胃肠激素,提高Hp阴转率,降低复发率,适于推广。 | 闫小妮 刘瑜佳 李红霞 厉英超 任晓阳 | 2019 | 四川中医2019，37，2： | 22 |
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