| 1 | Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on growth and migration of pancreatic cancer cells显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3.METHODS:The human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3 was cultured in vitro and treated with or without ginsenoside Rh2.Growth rates for Bxpc-3 cells were assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and colony formation assays.Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry.Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining.A scratch assay and a Matrigel invasion assay were used to detect cell migration and invasion.Expression of Bax,Bcl-2,survivin,cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8,and caspase-9 mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Bax,Bcl-2,survivin,cyclin D1,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 protein levels were examined by western blotting.Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in culture supernatants were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:Rh2 significantly inhibited Bxpc-3 cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner,as evaluated by the MTT(P < 0.05) and colony formation assays(P < 0.05).Compared to the control group,Rh2 significantly increased the percentage of Bxpc-3 cells in the G 0 /G 1 phase from 43.32% ± 2.17% to 71.32% ± 1.16%,which was accompanied by a decrease in S phase(from 50.86% ± 1.29% to 28.48% ± 1.18%) and G 2 /M phase(from 5.81% ± 1.19% to 0.20% ± 0.05%) in a dose-dependent manner(P < 0.05),suggesting that Rh2 arrested cell cycle progression at the G 0 /G 1 phase,as measured by flow cytometry.Compared to the control group,cells treated with Rh2 showed significantly higher apoptosis ratios in a dosedependent manner(percentage of early apoptotic cells:from 5.29% ± 2.28% to 38.90% ± 3.42%(F = 56.20,P < 0.05);percentage of late apoptotic cells:from 4.58% ± 1.42% to 36.32% ± 2.73%(F = 86.70,P < 0.05).Rh2 inhibited Bxpc-3 cell migration and invasion,as detected by scratch wound healing assay and Matrigel invasion assay [percentages of scratch wound healing for 12 h,24 h and 48 h(control vs experimental group):37.3% ± 4.8%vs 18.30% ± 1.65%,58.7% ± 3.5% vs 38.00% ± 4.09% and 93.83% ± 4.65% vs 65.50% ± 4.09%,respectively;t = 6.489,t = 6.656 and t = 7.926,respectively,P < 0.05;the number of cells invading at various concentrations(0 μmol/L,35 μmol/L,45 μmol/L and 55 μmol/L):81.10 ± 9.55,46.40 ± 6.95,24.70 ± 6.88 and 8.70 ± 3.34,respectively(F = 502.713,P < 0.05)].RT-PCR,western blotting or ELISA showed that mRNA and protein expression of Bax,cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 were upregulated(P < 0.05),while mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2,survivin,cyclin D1,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits proliferation,migration and invasion and induces apoptosis of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3. | Xi-Ping Tang Guo-Du Tang Chun-Yun Fang Zhi-Hai Liang Lu-Yi Zhang | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，10： | 19 |
| 2 | 人参皂苷Rh2和Rg3抗肿瘤作用研究进展显示文摘人参皂苷是人参抗肿瘤的有效成分,其中人参皂苷Rh2(ginsenoside Rh2,GRh2)和人参皂苷Rg3(ginsenoside Rg3,GRg3)是人参抗肿瘤的主要活性成分。研究表明,二者可阻滞细胞周期,诱导分化,抑制转移,调节免疫功能,逆转多药耐药性,诱导凋亡等([1]),综术如下。1人参皂苷Rh2和Rg3药理作用抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。洪新雨等([2])用聚合酶链反应检测到GRh2可使人脑胶质瘤SHG44中PCNA表达与转录产物明显下降。游智梅等([3])研究发现。 | 黄月云 夏婷 赵成国 陈素云 张裔辉 | 2016 | 实用中医药杂志2016，32，8： | 12 |
| 3 | Enhancement of oral bioavailability and immune response of Ginsenoside Rh2 by co-administration with piperine显示文摘Ginsenoside Rh2(Rh2)is one of the major bioactive ginsenosides in Panax ginseng.However,the oral bioavailability of Rh2 is low,with P-glycoprotein(P-gp)and CYP3A4 being reported to be the main factors.The purpose of the present study was to determine the enhancing effect of piperine on the oral bioavailability as well as bioactivity of Rh2.The inhibitory effect of piperine on P-gp and CYP3A4 was determined using a Caco-2 monolayer model and a recombinant CYP3A4 metabolic system,respectively.The pharmacokinetics of oral Rh2(10 mg·kg^(-1))administered alone or in combination with piperine(10 and 20 mg·kg^(-1))was performed in rats.The immune boosting effect of Rh2 was assessed in rats by measuring IL-12 level after treated by Rh2 alone or co-administered with piperine.The results indicated that piperine significantly increased the permeability of Rh2 and inhibited the metabolism of Rh2.The pharmacokinetic study results showed that the AUC of Rh2 was significantly increased in combination with piperine at high dose(20 mg·kg^(-1))when compared to the control group,with relative bioavailability of 196.8%.The increase of Rh2 exposure led to increased serum levels of IL-12.In conclusion,piperine may be used as a bioenhancer to improve pharmacological effect of Rh2 when given orally. | JIN Zhao-Hui QIU Wen LIU Hui JIANG Xue-Hua WANG Ling | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines2018，16，2： | 4 |
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