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| 1 | Effect of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TNF-α on acute severe hepatitis in mouse models显示文摘AIM To study the effect of hepatocyteapoptosis and necrosis induced by TNF-α on thepathogenesis of acute severe hepatitis(ASH).METHODS The model of ASH was prepared inD-galactosamine(GAIN)sensitized BALB/c miceby injection of either endotoxin(ET)or tumornecrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Morphologicalchanges of apoptotic hepatocytes were studiedby both light and electron microscope and in siteend labeling method(ISEL).Molecular biologicalchanges of DNA ladder were observed byelectrophoresis of extract from liver tissues.Biochemical changes were measured by alanineaminotransferase(ALT),asparticaminotransferase(AST)and TNF-α.The relationbetween apoptosis and necrosis was evaluatedsimultaneously.RESULTS The sequence of hepatocyteapoptosis,necrosis,and final death from ASHwas observed both in GAIN/ET and GAIN/TNF-agroup.Apoptosis was prominent at 3.5 h and 5 hafter injection of inducer,while necrosis becamedominant at 9 h after challenge.The appearanceof apoptosis was earlier in GAIN/TNF-α groupthan that in GAIN/ ET group.Pretreatment ofmice with antiTNF IgG1 may completely preventthe liver injury induced by GalN/ET.CONCLUSION TNF-α can cause liver damageby inducing hepatic apoptosis and necrosis inmice with endotoxemia. | Guo Qing Zang Xia Qiu Zhou Hong Yu Qing Xie Guo Ming Zhao Bin Wang Qing Guo Yue Qin Xiang Dan Liao Department of Infectious Diseases,Rujin Hospital,Shanghai Second Medical University,Shanghai 200025,China | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，5： | 30 |
| 2 | HBV genotype characterization and distribution in patients with HBV-related liver diseases in Zhejiang Province, P. R. China: possible association of co-infection with disease prevalence and severity显示文摘BACKGROUND: There are 8 well-documented genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) at this time point. Genotyping can be accomplished based on a partial sequence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome such as the pre-S or S gene. Several methods have been developed and used for HBV genotyping including direct sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism, line probe assay and enzyme-linked immunoassay. Recently, a novel, rapid and cost-effective genotyping method based on PCR amplification assay using type-specific primers that can identify all six major genotypes has been developed. This study was undertaken to characterise HBV genotypes and investigate the association between the prevalence of different genotypes and the severity of HBV-induced liver diseases. METHODS: Serum samples from carriers of HBV and patients with HBV-related liver diseases from Zhejiang Province were screened for viral serological markers using commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Serum HBV DNA load was determined by real-time detection PCR. A type-specific primer based the nested-PCR method was employed in the HBV genotyping. The genotype results obtained were confirmed by direct sequencing of nested PCR amplicons of the pre-S region. Ten samples of each genotype (B and C) were sequenced. RESULTS: The survey on a cohort of 125 HBV carriers in and around Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province showed the existence of HBV genotypes A (0.8%), B (48%), C (40.8%), D (0.8%), mixed B and C (9.6%) and an absence of E and F genotypes. Distribution of HBV genotypes in patients with liver diseases revealed a statistically insignificant higher prevalence of genotype B in mild chronic hepatitis (CH). Among the three genotypes B, C and mixed B/C infections 11 (73.3%), 3 (20%) and 1 (6.7%), (P< 0.05), respectively in subjects with moderate CH, genotype B was significantly predominant. The infection patterns for genotypes B, C and B/C mixed in (i) liver cirrhosis (LC) 4 (23.5%), 10 (58.8%) and3 (17.7%) and (ii) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 2 (28.6%), 5(71.4%) and 0 (0.0%) respectively revealed a marked association of C genotype with liver disease; however, the association was statistically insignificant (P >0.05). Differences in positive rate of HBeAg for the three genotypes B, 16(30.8%), C, 27(51.9%), and mixed B/C, 9(17.3%) were significant (P < 0. 05 ) , with genotype C showing predominance. CONCLUSIONS : These findings show an interesting distribution of HBV A-D genotypes in Zhejiang Province. Furthermore, our results indicate a novel and markedly high prevalence of mixed B/C genotype infections in subjects with severe CH and LC, and a possible association of mixed B/C infections with the severity of liver diseases in this region of China's Mainland. | Edward Zumbika | 2005 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2005，4，4： | 14 |
| 3 | Efficacy of combined therapy in patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined de novo lamivudine (LAM) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related decompensated liver cirrhosis patients. METHODS: One hundred and forty patients with HBVrelated decompensated cirrhosis were recruited, 70 patients were treated with combined LAM and ADV de novo therapy, and the other 70 patients were treated with LAM alone as controls. The follow-up period was 144 wk. All patients with LAM resistance were shifted to ADV. RESULTS: The percentage of HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis patients with undetectable HBV DNA inde novo combination group was 51.6% (33/64), 84.2% (48/57), and 92.3% (49/53) by weeks 48, 96, and 144, respectively. In monotherapy group, HBV DNA negativity rate was 46.1% (30/65), 56.1% (32/57), and 39.2% (20/51) by weeks 48, 96 and 144, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups by weeks 96 and 144 (P = 0.012 and 0.001). The hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rate was 28.1% (9/32), 40.0% (12/30), and 53.6% (15/28) in the combination group by weeks 48, 96 and 144, respectively, and 24.2% (8/33), 31.0% (9/29), and 37.0% (10/27) by weeks 48, 96 and 144, respectively, in monotherapy group. A total of 68.6% (44/64), 84.2% (48/57), and 92.5% (49/53) patients achieved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization by weeks 48, 96 and 144, respectively in the combination group. In monotherpy group, the ALT normalization rate was 64.6% (42/65) by week 48, 73.7% (42/57) by week 96, and 80.4% (41/51) by week 144. No patients in the combination group exhibited detectable resistance for at least 144 wk. The cumulative resistance rate in monotherapy group at weeks 48, 96, and 144 was 20.0%, 36.8%, and 56.9%. Both combination group and monotherapy group demonstrated an improvement in Child-Turcotte Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores at weeks 48, 96, and 144. All patients tolerated both combination and monotherapy. The ceratinine levels and glomerular filtration rate remained normal in all patients during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: In HBV-related decompensated liver cirrhosis patients, the combined de novo LAM and ADV therapy is more efficacious and safer compared to LAM alone. | Guo-Cai Lv Jin-Mei Yao Yi-Da Yang Lin Zheng Ji-Fang Sheng Yu Chen Lan-Juan Li | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，22： | 13 |
| 4 | Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa in carbon tetra chloride intoxicated Swiss albino mice显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective and immunotherapeutic effects of aqueous extract of turmeric rhizome in CCl_4 intoxicated Swiss albino mice.Methods:first group of mice(n=5) received CCl_4 treatment at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg bw(i.p.) for 7 days.Second group was fed orally the aqueous extract of turmeric at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw for IS days.The third group was given both the turmeric extract(for 15 days,orally) and CCl_4(for last 7 days,i.p.).The fourth group was kept as a control.To study the liver function,the transaminase enzymes(SGOT and SGPT) and bilirubin level were measured in the serum of respective groups.For assaying the immunotherapeutic action of Curcuma longa(C.longa),non specific host response parameters like morphological alteration,phagocytosis,nitric oxide release,myeloperoxidase release and intracellular killing capacity of peritoneal macrophages were studied from the respective groups.Results:The result of present study suggested that CCl_4 administration increased the level of SCOT and SGPT and bilirubin level in serum.However,the aqueous extract of turmeric reduced the level of SGOT, SCFT and bilirubin in CCl_4 intoxicated mice.Apart from damaging the liver system,CCl_4 also reduced non specific host response parameters like morphological alteration,phagocytosis, nitric oxide release,myeloperoxidase release and intracellular killing capacity of peritoneal macrophages.Administration of aqueous extract of C.longa offered significant protection from these damaging actions of CCl_4 on the non specific host response in the peritoneal macrophages of CCl_4 intoxicated mice.Conclusions:In conclusion,the present study suggests that C.longa has immunotherapeutic properties along with its ability to ameliorate hepatotoxicity. | Mahuya Sengupta Gauri Dutta Sharma Biswajit Chakraborty | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，3： | 11 |
| 5 | Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms in the pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The role of genetics显示文摘Classically, the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) physiopathology and progression has been summarized in the two hits hypothesis. The first hit is represented by the action of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, accompanying obesity, that leads to liver steatosis increasing the absolute non esterified fatty acids uptake in the liver and the esterification to form triacylglycerol. The oxidative stress is involved in the second hit leading to the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) because of its harmful action on steatosic hepatocytes. However, at the present time, the two hits hypothesis needs to be updated because of the discover of genetic polymorphisms involved both in the liver fat accumulation and progression to NASH that make more intriguing understanding the NAFLD pathophysiological mechanisms. In this editorial, we want to underline the role of PNPLA3 I148 M, GPR120 R270 H and TM6SF2 E167 K in the pediatric NAFLD development because they add new pieces to the comprehension of the NAFLD pathophysiological puzzle. The PNPLA3 I148 M polymorphism encodes for an abnormal protein which predisposes to intrahepatic triglycerides accumulation both for a loss-of-function of its triglyceride hydrolase activity and for a gain-of-function of its lipogenic activity.Therefore, it is involved in the first hit, such as TM6SF2 E167 K polymorphisms that lead to intrahepatic fat accumulation through a reduced very low density lipoprotein secretion. On the other hand, the GPR120 R270 H variant, reducing the anti-inflammatory action of the GPR120 receptor expressed by Kuppfer cells, is involved in the second hit leading to the liver injury. | Pierluigi Marzuillo Anna Grandone Laura Perrone Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，11： | 9 |
| 6 | Relationship between alcohol consumption and clinical manifestation of patients with fatty liver:a single-center study显示文摘BACKGROUND:Fatty liver is a common chronic liver disease worldwide.It is associated with an increasing morbidity in China in recent years.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of drinking alcohol on the hemoglobin and biochemical values of patients with fatty liver.METHODS:We investigated the clinical and laboratory data of 669 patients with fatty liver.Of the 669 patients,166 consumed alcohol more than 60 g per week for at least 2 years,and 503 did not have a history of long-term alcohol consumption.We further analyzed the relationship between alcohol consumption and clinical characteristics of these patients.RESULTS:The values of aspartate transaminase (AST),gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT),and hemoglobin in the long-term consumption group were significantly higher than those in the non long-term consumption group (P<0.05).In the patients without long-term alcohol consumption,the values of GGT and hemoglobin in patients with light alcohol consumption were significantly higher than those in non alcohol consumers (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Alcohol consumption is associated with significantly increased values of AST,GGT,and hemoglobin in patients with fatty liver,suggesting their potential roles in hepatic steatosis. | International Health Care Center (Wang XF) and Department of Gastroenterology (Yue M),First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310003,China | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，3： | 5 |
| 7 | Persistent hypertransaminasemia in asymptomatic children: A stepwise approach显示文摘We aimed to examine the major causes of isolated chronic hypertransaminasemia in asymptomatic children and develop a comprehensive diagnostic flow diagram. A MEDLINE search inclusive of publications throughout August 2012 was performed. We found only a small number of publications that had comprehensively investigated this topic. Consequently, it was difficult to construct a diagnostic flowchart similar to those already available for adults. In children, a 'retesting panel' prescription, including gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and creatine kinase in addition to aminotransferases, is considered a reasonable approach for proficiently confirming the persistence of the abnormality, ruling out cholestatic hepatopathies and myopathies, and guiding the subsequent diagnostic steps. If re-evaluation of physical and historical findings suggests specific etiologies, then these should be evaluated in the initial enzyme retesting panel. A simple multistep diagnostic algorithm incorporating a large number of possible pediatric scenarios, in addition to the few common to adults, is available. Accurately classifying a child with asymptomatic persistent hypertransaminas-emia may be a difficult task, but the results are critical for preventing the progression of an underlying, possibly occult, condition later in childhood or during transition. Given the high benefit/cost ratio of preventing hepatic deterioration, no effort should be spared in diagnosing and properly treating each case of persistent hypertransaminasemia in pediatric patients. | Pietro Vajro Sergio Maddaluno Claudio Veropalumbo | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，18： | 5 |
| 8 | Monitoring the level of serum paraoxonase 1 activity in liver transplantation patients显示文摘BACKGROUND: Paraoxonase 1(PON1) is an ester hydro- lase in serum and in the liver. Studies have suggested that PON1 measurement to the current battery of tests may im- prove the evaluation of chronic liver diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of mo- nitoring the level of serum PON1 activity in liver transplan- tation patients. METHODS: A series of biochemical indexes were moni- tored in preoperative, operative and postoperative serum samples of 17 liver-transplanted patients. The change of se- rum PON1 level and its relations with other biochemical in- dexes were analyzed. RESULTS: PON1 was distributed normally in the healthy population and its reference value ranged from 45.5 to 265.8 U/mL. The PON1 level of all patients was lower than that of control group significantly (P<0.001); the level be- gan to elevate continuously 5 minutes after opening of the portal vein and was higher than that 90 minutes after open- ing of the portal vein ( P <0.05). Two days after operation it was still higher than the normal. The levels of serum ALT and AST elevated more significantly after opening of the portal vein than before operation and they were higher than the normal values till 2 days after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The level of PON1 in serum may be taken as one of the effective indexes to assess whether the implant is alive and to monitor liver function of the patient together with other tests. | Gen-Yun Xu, Guo-Cai Lv, Yu Chen, Yong-Chuan Hua, Shen-Mei Zhu and Yi-Da Yang Hangzhou, China Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China | 2005 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2005，4，2： | 3 |
| 9 | Aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index in hepatitis C virus and Schistosomiasis coinfection显示文摘AIM: To assess the diagnostic accuracy,of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI) alone and with antischistosomal antibody(Ab) in patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) and schistosomiasis coinfection. METHODS: This retrospective study included medical records of three hundred and eighty three Egyptianmen patients who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy between January 2006 to April 2014 in tertiary care hospital in Qatar for diagnosis or monitoring purpose were selected. Data of patients > 18 years of age were included in the study. The values of HCV RNA titer and antischistosomal antibody titer were also taken into consideration. Patients were excluded from the study if they had any other concomitant chronic liver disease,including; history of previous antiviral or interferon therapy,immunosuppressive,therapy,chronic hepatitis B infection,human immunodeficiency virus co-infection,autoimmune hepatitis,decompensated liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma,prior liver transplantation,and if no data about the liver biopsy present. RESULTS: Median age of patients was 46 years. About 7.1% had no fibrosis,whereas 30.4%,37.5%,20.4%,and 4.6% had fibrosis of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ respectively. In bivariate analysis,APRI score,levels of AST,platelet count and age of patient showed statistically significant association with liver fibrosis(P < 0.0001); whereas antischistosomal antibody titer(P = 0.52) and HCV RNA titer(P = 0.79) failed to show a significant association. The respective AUC values for no fibrosis,significant fibrosis,severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of APRI score were 63%,73.2%,81.1% and 88.9% respectively. This showed good sensitivity and specificity of APRI alone for grading of liver fibrosis. But the inclusion of anti-Schistosoma antibody did not improve the prediction of fibrosis stage. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that noninvasive biochemical markers like APRI are sensitive and specific in diagnosing the degree of fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with coinfection of HCV and schistosomiasis as compared to biopsy. The addition of antischistosomal Ab to APRI did not improve sensitivity for predicting the degree of cirrhosis. | Moutaz Derbala Mohammed Elshiekh Elbadri Aliaa Mohamed Amer Saad Al Kaabi Khaleel Hassan Sultan Yasser Medhat Kamel Eman Hassan Satti Elsayed Tony Yervant Avades Prem Chandra Fatma M Shebl | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，46： | 2 |
| 10 | Growth rate,body composition, digestive enzymes and transaminase activities,and plasma ammonia concentration of different weight Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)显示文摘The present study investigated the effect of body weight on body composition, digestive and absorptive capacity, transaminase activities in hepatopancreas and muscle, and plasma ammonia concentration of Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian). A total of 750 Jian carps(18.0 ± 0.2 g) were randomly distributed into five groups with three replicates and fed the same diet for 56 days. Tissue and plasma samples were collected on days 14, 28,42, and 56. The results were used to develop a mathematical model for specific growth rate, body moisture and fat content, aspartate transaminase activity and alanine aminotransferase activity in hepatopancreas and muscle, plasma ammonia concentration, and trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and amylase activities in hepatopancreas and intestine, activities of creatine kinase, Na^+/K^+-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in intestine in Jian carp. There were linear relationships between natural logarithms of above indexes and body weight. The body moisture and fat content, digestive and absorptive enzymes activities, and transaminase activities showed negative allometry against body weight of Jian carp which were partial reasons to explain fish growth rate decreasing. | Jun Jiang Lin Feng Ling Tang Yang Liu Weidan Jiang Xiaoqiu Zhou | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Liver-spleen axis dysfunction in COVID-19显示文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is an acute infectious disease that spreads mainly through the respiratory route.Besides interstitial pneumonia,a number of other clinical manifestations were noticed in COVID-19 patients.In particular,liver and spleen dysfunctions have been described both as complications of COVID-19 and as potential predisposing factors for severe COVID-19.Liver damage is rather common in COVID-19 patients,and it is most likely multifactorial,caused by the direct insult of SARS-CoV-2 to the liver by the cytokine storm triggered by the virus,by the use of hepatotoxic drugs,and as a consequence of hypoxia.Although generally mild,liver impairment has been found to be associated with a higher rate of intensive care unit admission.A higher mortality rate was reported among chronic liver disease patients.Instead,spleen impairment in patients with COVID-19 has been poorly described.The main anatomical changes are the architectural derangement of the B cell compartment,white pulp atrophy,and reduction or absence of lymphoid follicles,while,from a functional point of view,the IgM memory B cell pool is markedly depleted.The outcome of COVID-19 in asplenic or hyposplenic patients is yet to be defined.In this review,we will summarise the current knowledge regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver and spleen function,as well as the outcome of patients with a pre-existent liver disease or defective spleen function. | Sara Cococcia Marco Vincenzo Lenti Giovanni Santacroce Giovanna Achilli Federica Borrelli de Andreis Antonio Di Sabatino | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，35： | 1 |
| 12 | Short-term and long-term risk factors in gastric cance显示文摘In the last years childhood obesity has reached epidemicdiffusion with about 200 million school-age childrenworldwide being overweight or obese. Simultaneously,also the prevalence of obesity comorbidities has been increased and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has become the most common form of liverdisease in childhood. Also if there are some not-invasivediagnostic possibilities, the diagnostic gold standard isrepresented by hepatic biopsy giving to the clinicians thepossibility to both diagnose the NAFLD and evaluate itsprogression to fibrosis or cirrhosis with greater certaintythan other techniques. The use of liver biopsy in clinicalpractice causes debate among health care providers.Most patients with NAFLD have a good prognosis and,therefore, the risks of a liver biopsy seem to outweighthe clinical benefits. It represents an impracticalscreening procedure because it is both expensive andinvasive and, moreover, sampling error of liver biopsycan result in substantial misdiagnosis and staginginaccuracies because histological lesions of non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis are unevenly distributed throughoutthe liver parenchyma. The liver biopsy limitations haveled the clinicians to use, also if highly imperfect, noninvasivemethods to diagnose and stage NAFLD. In thiseditorial the main diagnostic controversies in pediatricNAFLD are examined. | | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，21： | 0 |
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