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| 1 | The Interannual Variability of East Asian Winter Monsoon and Its Relation to the Summer Monsoon显示文摘Based on the NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data the interannual variability of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is studied with a newly defined EAWM intensity index. The marked features for a strong (weak) winter monsoon include strong (weak) northerly winds along coastal East Asia, cold (warm) East Asian continent and surrounding sea and warm (cold) ocean from the subtropical central Pacific to the tropical western Pacific, high (low) pressure in East Asian continent and low (high) pressure in the adjacent ocean and deep (weak) East Asian trough at 500 hPa. These interannual variations are shown to be closely connected to the SST anomaly in the tropicaI Pacific, both in the western and eastern Pacific. The results suggest that the strength of the EAWM is mainly innuenced by the processes associated with the SST anomaly over the tropical Pacific. The EAWM generally becomes weak when there is a positive SST anomaly in the tropical eastern Pacific (E1 Nino), and it becomes strong when there is a negative SST anomaly (La Nina). Moreover, the SST anomaly in the South China Sea is found to be closely related to the EAWM and may persist to the following summer. Both the circulation at 850 hPa and the rainfall in China confirm the connection between the EAWM and the following East Asian summer monsoon. The possibIe reason for the recent 1998 summer flood in China is briefly discussed too. | 陈文 Han-F.Graf 黄荣辉 | 2000 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2000，17，1： | 146 |
| 2 | Interaction between Anomalous Winter Monsoon in East Asia and EI Nino Events显示文摘Based on a series of data analyses, the intimate relations between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Nino arc studied in this paper.Anomalistic circulation in the Northern Hemisphere caused by El Nino event can lead to enhancing the Ferre! cell and the westerlies in the mid-latitudes as the Hadley cell and result in the location of the front zone in East Asia to the north. These are unfavourable for the cold wave breaking out southward in East Asia. Therefore, there ate warmer weather and weaker winter monsoon in East Asia in El Nino winter.There are stronger and frequent cold waves in East Asia during the wintertime prior to the occurrence of El Nino event. They will induce stronger winter monsoon in East Asia. Thus, the weakened trade wind and enhanced cumulus convection in the equatorial middle-western Pacific area caused by the stronger winter monsoon will play an important role in the occurrence of El Nino event. Therefore, the anomalously strong winter monsoon in East Asia during | 李崇银 | 1990 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1990，7，1： | 94 |
| 3 | Model Study on the Interannual Variability of Asian Winter Monsoon and Its Influence显示文摘ModelStudyontheInterannualVariabilityofAsianWinterMonsoonandItsInfluenceJiLiren(纪立人),SunShuqing(孙淑清)InstituteofAtmosphericPhy... | 纪立人 孙淑清 | 1997 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1997，14，1： | 32 |
| 4 | East Asia Winter Monsoon changes inferred from environmentally sensitive grain-size component records during the last 2300 years in mud area southwest off Cheju Island,ECS显示文摘Environmentally sensitive grain-size component (ESGSC) extracted from grain-size data of a sediment core B2, which were retrieved from mud area southwest off Cheju Island (MACI), East China Sea (ECS), can be used to indicate the variations of East Asia Winter Monsoon (EAWM), with high (low) content/mean-size of ESGCS denote to strong (weak) EAWM. Combined with AMS14C datings core B2 provides a continuous high-resolution record of EAWM changes over the past 2300 years, with an average resolution of 13 years. The results show that the variations of EAWM are con-sistent with temperature changes inferred from historical documents in eastern China over the past 2300 years, from which four climate stages may be identified. In stages before 1900 aBP (50 AD) and 1450―780 aBP (50―1170 AD) the EAWM were comparatively weak, corresponding to warm climate periods in eastern China, respectively. And in stages of 1900―1450 aBP (50―500 AD) and 780―219 aBP (1170―1731 AD) the EAWM were strongly developed, which correspond well to climate changes of two cold periods in eastern China. It is also shown from this study that the stage at 780―219 aBP (1170―1731 AD) was the coldest climate period during the last 2300 years and could be, therefore, related to the Little Ice Age (LIA). Climatic fluctuations appeared obviously in all the four stages, and two climate events of abrupt changes from warm to cold occurred at around 1900 aBP (50 AD) and 780 aBP (1170 AD), of which the latter is probably related to globe-scale changes of atmospheric circulation at that time. | Yoshiki Saito | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，6： | 28 |
| 5 | de Winter ST-T改变和Wellnes综合征心电图改变交替出现一例显示文摘患者男性,47岁,胸痛2h就诊。体表心电图检查呈de Winter ST-T改变和Wellnes综合征心电图改变交替出现。冠状动脉造影示左前降支近段局部狭窄约90%,伴有不稳定斑块。血肌钙蛋白Ⅰ>16ng/ml。心脏彩超结果显示左室前壁节段性室壁运动异常。 | 向芝青 安俊华 王福军 | 2016 | 中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志2016，30，1： | 24 |
| 6 | Preliminary Analysis of Climatic Variation during the Last 39 Years in China显示文摘The preliminary analysis of climatic variation in China during the last 39 years has been made in this paper. The results show that although the global climate is getting warmer, some parts of China are cooling. The warming only occurs in Northeast, North and the west part of Northwest China while the areas between about 35°N and Nanling Mountain, east of the Tibetan Plateau in China are getting cooler. The cooling centers are located in Sichuan, the south part of Shaanxi and the north part of Yunnan respectively. According to the theory of greenhouse effect, there are much precipitation at low and high latitudes and less precipitation in middle latitude. However, the precipitation in the most parts of China has been decreased, especially in North and Northwest China. | 陈隆勋 邵永宁 董敏 任阵海 田广生 | 1991 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1991，8，3： | 22 |
| 7 | Delayed sowing can increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat显示文摘Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Trnticum aestivum L.) can be increased by late sowing.However, whether grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) can be maintained with delayed sowing remains unknown. During the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing seasons, two winter wheat cultivars were sown on three dates(early sowing on October 1, normal so,wing on October8, and late sowing on October 15) to investigate the responses of lodging resistance, grain yield,and NUE to sowing date. No significant differences in lodging resistance, grain yield, or NUE between early and normal sowing were observed. Averaging over the two cultivars and years,postponing the sowing date significantly increased lodging resistance by 53.6% and 49.6%compared with that following early and normal sowing, respectively. Lodging resistance was improved mainly through a reduction in the culm height at the center of gravity and an increase in the tensile strength of the base internode. Late sowing resulted in similar grain yield as well as kernel weight and number of kernels per square meter, compared to early and normal sowing.Averaging over the two cultivars and years, delayed sowing resulted in a reduction in nitrogen uptake efficiency(UPE) by 11.0% and 9.9% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively,owing to reduced root length density and dry matter accumulation before anthesis. An average increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency(UTE) of 12.9% and 11.2% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively, was observed with late sowing owing to a reduction in the grain nitrogen concentration. The increase in UTE offset the reduction in UPE, resulting in equal NUEs among all sowing dates. Thus, sowing later than normal could increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and NUE. | Xinglong Dai Yuechao Wang Xiuchun Dong Taifeng Qian Lijun Yin Shuxin Dong Jinpeng Chu Mingrong He | 2017 | The Crop Journal2017，5，6： | 21 |
| 8 | ST段呈动态演变的de Winter综合征一例显示文摘患者男性,43岁,因“突发胸痛6 h”于2017年11月23日入院。患者入院6 h前劳累后突感胸痛,持续不可缓解,由急救车送入我院急诊,急救车中行心电图示Ⅱ、aVF、V 2~V 6导联J点下移,伴ST段上斜型压低,aVR导联ST段轻度抬高(图1)。收入我院急诊查心肌酶学显示:肌钙蛋白(TnI)1.48μg/L,肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)52.4 ng/ml,肌红蛋白(Myo)200μg/L。急诊复查心电图:V 2~V 6导联J点上移伴ST段抬高,T波高耸(图2)。心电图呈急性心肌梗死动态演变。查体:体温36.2℃,脉搏88次/min,呼吸21次/min,血压120/78 mmHg。神志清楚,体型略胖,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心界不大,心率88次/min,律齐,未闻及病理性杂音,腹软,无压痛反跳痛,肝脾肋下未触及,生理反射存在,病理反射未引出。急诊给予硝酸甘油泵入以扩张冠状动脉,阿司匹林和替格瑞洛双抗,低分子肝素抗凝等对症治疗。 | 王浩 程小航 张宸 刘英杰 刘善伟 | 2018 | 中国心血管杂志2018，23，2： | 20 |
| 9 | 黑龙江省小苹果黑星病 Venturia inaequalis (cooke) winter 的初侵染来源显示文摘1958—1963年调查研究证明黑龙江省小苹果黑星病病叶上的分生孢子全部不能越冬。在早春也没有发现带病的枝条,因此以菌丝在病枝上越冬、春天产生分生孢子的可能性极小。每年春天在去年病树的干枯落叶上能找到大量子囊壳及子囊孢子,经人工接种后侵染率都极高。空中孢子捕捉的结果是:子囊孢子出现在前,分生孢子的出现是在田间发病以后,两者相距半个月以上,说明所捕捉到的分生孢子是受子囊孢子侵染后产生的。可以得出结论:黑龙江省小苹果黑星病的初次侵染来源是子囊孢子。早期调查发病情况说明离地面越近的叶片发病越早,越重。初步认为,清扫落叶是减轻病害的重要措施之一。 | 袁甫金 吕文清 王淑娟 | 1965 | 植物病理学报1965，17，1： | 20 |
| 10 | An Observational Study of the 30-50 Day Atmospheric Oscillations Part I: Structure and Propagation显示文摘Features of structure and propagation of the 30 to SO day atmospheric oscillations are investigated using the ECMWF analysis of 1980-1983. Evidence is provided to confirm the characteristics of the oscillation in the equatorial region. Those in the mid-high latitudes, however, are revealed to be very different from the tropics and pose a strong barotropic structure. Horizontal coherence shows teleconnection patterns which can be identified as EAP and PNA. The wind field of the specified time scale of the oscillation appears as long-lived vortices and vortex pairs. Mid-latitude perturbations propagate clearly westwards, especially during the winter season. In the high latitudes, they propagate westwards in the winter but eastwards in the summer. Meridional propagations are rather different from region to region. | 李崇银 | 1990 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1990，7，3： | 20 |
| 11 | Predicting Winter Surface Air Temperature in Northeast China显示文摘The author investigates the prediction of Northeast China's winter surface air temperature (SAT),and first forecast the year to year increment in the predic-tand and then predict the predictand.Thus,in the first step,we determined the predictors for an increment in winter SAT by analyzing the atmospheric variability associated with an increment in winter SAT.Then,multi-linear re-gression was applied to establish a prediction model for an increment in winter SAT in Northeast China.The pre-diction model shows a high correlation coefficient (0.73) between the simulated and observed annual increments in winter SAT in Northeast China throughout the period 1965-2002,with a relative root mean square error of -7.9%.The prediction model makes a reasonable hindcast for 2003-08,with an average relative root mean square error of -7.2%.The prediction model can capture the in-creasing trend of winter SAT in Northeast China from 1965-2008.The results suggest that this approach to forecasting an annual increment in winter SAT in North-east China would be relevant in operational seasonal forecasts. | Fan Ke | 2009 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2009，2，1： | 19 |
| 12 | WINTER TEMPERATURE CHANGES DURING THE LAST 500 YEARS IN SOUTH CHINA显示文摘The characteristics of the winter temperature changes in eight regions south of the Qinling Mountains and the Huai River in China during the last 500 years, based on the winter temperature indices or severe winter sequences, have been discussed in this paper. | 张德二 | 1980 | Chinese Science Bulletin1980，25，6： | 18 |
| 13 | Optimization of sowing date and seeding rate for high winter wheat yield based on pre-winter plant development and soil water usage in the Loess Plateau,China显示文摘Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)) and three seeding rates(SR67.5,SR90,and SR112.5) to determine suitable sowing date and seeding rate for high wheat yield.A large seasonal variation in accumulated temperature from sowing to winter dormancy was observed among three growing seasons.Suitable sowing dates for strong seedlings before winter varied with the seasons,that was SD2 in 2012–2013,SD3 in 2013–2014,and SD2 as well as SD1 in 2014–2015.Seasonal variation in precipitation during summer fallow also had substantial effects on soil water storage,and consequently influenced grain yield through soil water consumption from winter dormancy to maturity stages.Lower consumption of soil water from winter dormancy to booting stages could make more water available for productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,leading to higher grain yield.SD2 combined with SR90 had the lowest soil water consumption from winter dormancy to booting stages in 2012–2013 and 2014–2015; while in 2013–2014,it was close to that with SR67.5 or SR112.5.For productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,SD2 with SR90 had the highest soil water consumption in all three seasons.The highest water consumption in the productive growth period resulted in the best grain yield in both low and high rainfall years.Ear number largely contributed to the seasonal variation in grain yield,while grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight also contributed to grain yield,especially when soil water storage was high.Our results indicate that sowing date and seeding rate affect grain yield through seedling development before winter and also affect soil water consumption in different growth periods.By selecting the suitable sowing date(1 October) in combination with the proper seeding rate of 90 kg ha–1,the best yield was achieved.Based on these results,we recommend that the current sowing date be delayed from 22 or 23 September to 1 October. | REN Ai-xia SUN Min WANG Pei-ru XUE Ling-zhu LEI Miao-miao XUE Jian-fu GAO Zhi-qiang YANG Zhen-ping | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，1： | 17 |
| 14 | High-resolution peat records for Holocene monsoon history in the eastern Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The variations of summer and winter monsoons during the Holocene in the eastern Ti-betan Plateau are shown to follow two basic models based on the reliable dating and high-resolution monsoon proxies determinations, one being a synchronous model in that both summer and winter monsoons are strengthening or decreasing, and the other to form a complementary pattern. These two different patterns evenly interact with each other on different time scales and together compose a complicated monsoon climatic model in this region. The climatic condition integrated by winter and summer monsoons is synchronous to the global pattern, which also shows the instability of the Holocene climate on centennial-millennial timescale. The abrupt monsoon event in about 6.2 ka cal. BP is much more severe than that in ca. 8.0 ka cal. BP, which indicates the regional character of the Asian monsoon and that the Asian monsoon climate is indeed a window on the global climate system. | Lars G. Franzen A.J.Tim Jull | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，6： | 17 |
| 15 | Relationship between East Asian winter monsoon, warm pool situation and ENSO cycle显示文摘Based on the observational data analyses and numerical simulations with the air-sea coupled model (CGCM), a new perspective on the occurrence mechanism of ENSO is advanced in this paper. The continuous strong (weak) East Asian winter monsoon will lead to continuous westerly (easterly) wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific region. The anomalous equatorial westerly (easterly) winds can cause eastward propagation of the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies (SOTA) in the warm pool region, the positive (negative) SOTA have been in the warm pool region for quite a long time. The eastward propagating of positive (negative) SOTA along the thermocline will lead to positive (negative) SSTA in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the occurrence of El Nino (La Nina) event. After the occurrence of ENSO, the winter monsoon in East Asia will be weak (strong) due to the influence of El Nino (La Nina). | Chongyin Li Mingquan Mu | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，16： | 17 |
| 16 | 被指南普遍忽略的危急心电图表现:ST段上斜型压低伴T波高尖显示文摘2008年,de Winter[1]在《新英格兰医学杂志》发表文章,初次描述了左前降支完全闭塞时心电图不表现为ST段抬高,而是表现为特殊的ST段上斜型压低伴有T波高尖,即所谓de Winter ST-T改变(图1)。1主要特点这种心电图表现在左前降支近段完全闭塞的发生率为2%[2],若不及时进行再灌注治疗,会导致大面积前壁心肌梗死,但自始至终不会出现胸前对应导联ST段抬高。 | 赵运涛 | 2014 | 心电图杂志(电子版)2014，3，3： | 17 |
| 17 | EFFECTS OF VARIATION OF WINTER SEA-ICE AREA IN KARA AND BARENTS SEAS ON EAST ASIA WINTER MONSOON显示文摘By analyzing the observation data and performing the numerical simulation tests,it is shownthat the Kara and the Barents Sea area is a key region to influence climate variation over theNorthern Hemisphere.The variation of winter sea-ice area in the key region is closely associatedwith that of the EU teleconnection pattern at 500 hPa and East Asia winter monsoon(EAWM)intensity.When a heavy sea-ice prevails in the key region,the EU teleconnection pattern at 500hPa is excited easily(there are positive 500 hPa height anomalies over around Japan and WestEurope),and winter Siberia high is weakened,meanwhile,sea level pressure(SLP)has positiveanomalies over the Northern Pacific.Therefore,EAWM will be weakened,winter temperatureover East Asia is above normal and the frequency of cold-air activity in February in China will bedecreased.When the light sea-ice occurs in the key region,the results will be opposite. | 武炳义 黄荣辉 高登义 | 1999 | Acta meteorologica Sinica1999，13，2： | 16 |
| 18 | Effects of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau on the Circulation Features over the Plateau and Its Surrounding Areas显示文摘Areview of the effects of theTibetan Platean on circulation features over the plateau and its surrounding areas has been made, with a special emphasis upon the monsoon circulations in South Asin and East Asia. This includes estimates of heat sources, dynamic and thermal effects of the plateau, adn effects of the plateau on summer and winter monsoons. Major progresses made in this aspect by Chinese meteorologists have been specifically described and are compared with the achievements made by the meteorologists of other countries. | 丁一汇 | 1992 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1992，9，1： | 16 |
| 19 | The Red Edge Parameters of Different Wheat Varieties Under Different Fertilization and Irrigation Treatments显示文摘The dynamics of red edge parameters at different growth stages of wheat canopy was studied.The red edge position moved to the longer wavelength from erecting stage to heading stage, and returned to the original wavelength direction from grain-filling stage to maturity stage. The leaf total nitrogen content (LTN)is positively related to red edge amplitude (d λ red) and NIR platform amplitude (d λNIRP) and the correlation coefficient improved as growth stage extended. The chlorophyll content (TChl) is negatively related to d λ red from erecting stage to the elongation stage, and positively related to d λ red from heading stage to milky maturity stage. TChl is also positively related to d λNIRP. The leaf area index (LAI) is positively related to d λ red and d λNIRP, and the correlation coefficient improved as growth stage extended. It was concluded that d λ red and d λNIRP can be used as the indicators of winter wheat growth state, and guide the fertilization and irrigation decision making. The λNIRP is suitable for derivation of LTN, the d λ red for TChl, and the d λ red or d λNIRP for LAI. | ZHAO Chun-Jiang, HUANG Wen-Jiang, WANG Ji-hua, YANG Min-hua and XUE Xu-zhang( National Engineering Center for Information Technology in Agriculture , Beijing 100089 , P. R . China) | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，7： | 15 |
| 20 | Variation of Zr/Rb ratios on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the last 130000 years and its implications for winter monsoon显示文摘To find a new index of winter monsoon without effects of chemical weathering and pedogenesis is an important task in loess research. Chemical analysis of five grain size fractions (i.e. >32μm, 32-20μm, 20-8μm, 8-2μm and <2μm) show that Zr is enriched in coarser grain size, while Rb is concentrated in finer fractions. An excellent correlation occurs between Zr/Rb ratios and mean grain size in loess units (L1LL1 and L1LL2) from Huanxian and Xifeng sections, reflecting that Zr/Rb ratios increase when grain size is coarser. Due to immobility of the two elements during the postdepositional process, Zr/Rb ratios can eliminate the effect of weathering and pedogenesis and serve as an excellent proxy on winter monsoon variation. The Zr/Rb ratio curves of the Huanxian, Xifeng and Luochuan sections during the last 130000 years show that the winter monsoon strength was very weak during MIS 3, which corresponded to the intensity during MIS 5. | LIU Lianwen CHEN Jun CHEN Yang JI Junfeng LU Huayu | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，15： | 15 |
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